# syncCache

key: CYZ8Q9V6
data:
  {"key":"CYZ8Q9V6","version":487,"data":{"key":"CYZ8Q9V6","version":487,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Autoignition Temperature Measurements of Hydrogen Mixtures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kyle","lastName":"Olchewsky"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Casey","lastName":"Fuller"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Maclain","lastName":"Holton"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ponnuthurai","lastName":"Gokulakrishnan"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"4–9","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"astm e659"},{"tag":"autoignition"},{"tag":"hydrogen"},{"tag":"natural gas"},{"tag":"syngas"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:41Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:41Z"}}


key: BHX4LRLC
data:
  {"key":"BHX4LRLC","version":487,"data":{"key":"BHX4LRLC","version":487,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Characterization of Partially Stratified Direct Injection of Natural Gas for Spark-Ignited Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Philip","lastName":"Zoldak"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Joel John","lastName":"Joseph"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"William","lastName":"Shelley"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jaclyn","lastName":"Johnson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jeffrey","lastName":"Naber"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2015-01-0937.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:41Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:41Z"}}


key: 3QDKAEW3
data:
  {"key":"3QDKAEW3","version":487,"data":{"key":"3QDKAEW3","version":487,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Study on the spray and combustion characteristics of water-emulsified diesel","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ming","lastName":"Huo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shenlun","lastName":"Lin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Haifeng","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chia Fon F","lastName":"Lee"}],"abstractNote":"Emulsified fuel remains a potential solution to meet the increasingly stringent emission regulations for internal combustion engines due to its capability of simultaneously reducing NOx and particular matter (PM). In this study, emulsified diesels with 10% and 20% water by volume were studied. The stability of the water emulsified diesel was first investigated in terms of the hydrophilic-lipophilic-balance (HLB) value. Based on the stability test, a suitable surfactant composition for the diesel/water interfacial condition was given and the separation tendency of the fuel with different water volumetric ratio was analyzed. The emulsions were later injected and combusted in a pre-burn type constant volume chamber, which is able to provide high ambient temperature and pressure to mimic real engine operation conditions. High speed imaging was used to capture the spray and combustion process under various conditions. Results show longer initial liquid penetration for emulsified diesel under low ambient temperatures. Longer ignition delay of emulsified diesel also provided more air/fuel mixing time, thus significantly lowering the soot luminosity. Although droplet micro-explosion has been intensively studied, its behavior in a burning spray is much less reported. This study in particular focused on micro-explosion in a burning spray. Broadband natural flame images were recorded with intentional overall over-exposure such that the central lift-off region could be illuminated by soot incandescence. Puffing and disruptive droplet combustion was consistently observed at high ambient temperature in the central lift-off region with emulsified diesel indicating the occurrence of micro-explosion in a burning spray flame. It is demonstrated that micro-explosion is not only able to enhance the secondary breakup, but also affect the primary breakup under certain conditions, which to the author's awareness has not been reported in any previous literature. Lower injection pressure and higher ambient temperature favor the occurrence of micro-explosion before primary breakup as a competition between the micro explosion delay time and the primary breakup time. ?? 2014 Elsevier Ltd.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"123","issue":"","pages":"218–229","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2013.12.035","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.12.035","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Combustion"},{"tag":"Micro-explosion"},{"tag":"Spray"},{"tag":"Water emulsified fuel"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:41Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:41Z"}}


key: 5C5ZHCDJ
data:
  {"key":"5C5ZHCDJ","version":487,"data":{"key":"5C5ZHCDJ","version":487,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Kinetic Study of Low Temperature Oxidation of N-pentane with Nitric Oxide Addition in a Jet Stirred Reactor.","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H","lastName":"Zhao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L","lastName":"Wu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Z","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C","lastName":"Patrick"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Y","lastName":"Rezgui"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"G","lastName":"Wysocki"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Y","lastName":"Ju"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute(submitted)","volume":"","issue":"2","pages":"2–7","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"jet stirred reactor"},{"tag":"low temperature"},{"tag":"n-pentane oxidation"},{"tag":"no sensitization"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:41Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:41Z"}}


key: ESCRJN2B
data:
  {"key":"ESCRJN2B","version":487,"data":{"key":"ESCRJN2B","version":487,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental study on condensation of steam/air mixture in a horizontal tube","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bin","lastName":"Ren"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Li","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hong","lastName":"Xu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jun","lastName":"Cao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhenyu","lastName":"Tao"}],"abstractNote":"The effect of noncondensable gas on condensation heat transfer inside horizontal tubes was investigated experimentally. Air was used as the noncondensable gas. The effects of inlet noncondensable gas mass fraction, inlet gas mixture mass flux and inlet pressure on overall heat transfer performance were analyzed. Moreover, local heat transfer performance was investigated by comparing centerline temperatures and local heat transfer coefficients. The results showed that the overall heat transfer coefficient decreased as inlet noncondensable gas fraction increased. Increasing inlet mass flux could enhance the heat transfer rate and overall heat transfer coefficient. Furthermore, the heat transfer rate showed an increasing trend, whereas the overall heat transfer coefficient decreased with increase of inlet pressure. The local heat transfer coefficient decreased along the condenser tube due to the decrease of gas mixture Reynolds number and the increase of liquid film thickness and local air fraction. For stratified flow, the local heat transfer coefficient at the top part was higher than that at the bottom owing to the asymmetrical liquid film. However, this gap gradually decreased along the tube, especially at higher inlet noncondensable gas fraction. Finally, two correlations respectively for stratified flow and annular flow regimes were developed, using the modified Froude number as the indicator of transition from stratified to annular flow. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.","publicationTitle":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"58","issue":"","pages":"145–155","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2014.06.022","ISSN":"08941777","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2014.06.022","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9781632660152\nPublisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Flow regime"},{"tag":"Heat transfer correlations"},{"tag":"Horizontal tube"},{"tag":"In-tube condensation"},{"tag":"Noncondensable gas"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:41Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:41Z"}}


key: DABCXQM7
data:
  {"key":"DABCXQM7","version":487,"data":{"key":"DABCXQM7","version":487,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Multiple Cycle LES Simulations of a Direct Injection Natural Gas Engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Martin","lastName":"Schmitt"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rennan","lastName":"Hu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yuri","lastName":"Martin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Patrik","lastName":"Soltic"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Konstantinos","lastName":"Boulouchos"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"645–668","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1007/s10494-015-9625-1","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z"}}


key: E9F7I9L4
data:
  {"key":"E9F7I9L4","version":486,"data":{"key":"E9F7I9L4","version":486,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Optimizing the Natural Gas Engine for CO2 reduction","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ludvig","lastName":"Adlercreutz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Andreas","lastName":"Cronhjort"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Johannes","lastName":"Andersen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Roy","lastName":"Ogink"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0875","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://papers.sae.org/2016-01-0875/","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z"}}


key: 96J7N7L9
data:
  {"key":"96J7N7L9","version":486,"data":{"key":"96J7N7L9","version":486,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Study of air inlet preheating and EGR impacts for improving the operation of compression ignition engine running under dual fuel mode","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R. G.","lastName":"Papagiannakis"}],"abstractNote":"One of the methods to achieve curtailment of diesel engine emissions is the conversion of conventional diesel engines to using natural gas as a supplement to normal diesel fuel. In this type of engines most of the engine power output is provided by the gaseous fuel, while a pilot amount of diesel fuel is used as ignition source of the gaseous fuel-air mixture. However dual fuel operating mode, in comparison to conventional diesel one, suffers from low brake thermal efficiency and high carbon monoxide emissions. By applying a two-zone phenomenological model, the present work studies the effect of air inlet preheating and exhaust gas recirculation on the performance and exhaust emissions of a pilot ignited dual fuel diesel engine. The main objectives are to record and comparatively evaluate the relative impact that each one of the above mentioned parameters has on the engine performance characteristics and emitted pollutants. Moreover, it deals with the determination of an optimum combination between the examined parameters, so that probable undesirable effects on engine performance characteristics are avoided. By comparing the investigation results, it is revealed that the simultaneous increase of both parameters examined could be a promising solution to improving engine efficiency (increase up to 5%) and reducing CO emissions (decrease up to 10%) from a pilot ignited dual fuel diesel engine, without imparting any serious problem to engine operational lifetime. The conclusions from the study may be proved valuable for the application of this technological solution to existing diesel engines. ?? 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","publicationTitle":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"68","issue":"","pages":"40–53","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.enconman.2012.12.019","ISSN":"01968904","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.12.019","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Air inlet preheating"},{"tag":"Dual fuel natural gas engine"},{"tag":"EGR"},{"tag":"Performance and emissions"},{"tag":"Pilot ignited"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z"}}


key: UBU9H98Y
data:
  {"key":"UBU9H98Y","version":486,"data":{"key":"UBU9H98Y","version":486,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"An experimental and modelling study of the combustion and emission characteristics for gasoline-diesel dual-fuel engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J.","lastName":"Cha"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S.","lastName":"Kwon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S.","lastName":"Park"}],"abstractNote":"In this study, the combustion and emissions characteristics of gasolinediesel dual-fuel operation were investigated both experimentally and numerically. Gasoline fuel was injected through an intake port, and diesel fuel was injected directly into the combustion chamber to trigger combustion. The tested concentrations of diesel fuel were 30percent and 40percent, and it was found that a smaller amount of diesel fuel forms a more homogeneous mixture. Numerical calculations were performed for selected injection timings (i.e. 20 crank angle (CA) after top dead centre) for increased understanding of the combustion regime of dual-fuel combustion using the KIVA code coupled with the primary reference fuels mechanism. The injection timings of the diesel fuel were swept from 40 to +3 CA.The results showed that gasolinediesel dual-fuel operation exhibited significant reductions in soot and nitrogen oxide emissions by suppressing the formation of locally rich mixtures or high-temperature regions. However, the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions were increased for a wide range of injection timings.","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering","volume":"225","issue":"","pages":"801–812","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1177/0954407011399825","ISSN":"0954-4070","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"compression ignition engine"},{"tag":"diesel dual-fuel operation"},{"tag":"gasoline"},{"tag":"kiva code"},{"tag":"partially premixed charge"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z"}}


key: NDDFB6YN
data:
  {"key":"NDDFB6YN","version":486,"data":{"key":"NDDFB6YN","version":486,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"No Title No Title","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"David R.","lastName":"Tobergte"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shirley","lastName":"Curtis"}],"abstractNote":"applicability for this approach.","publicationTitle":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling","volume":"53","issue":"9","pages":"1689–1699","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004","ISSN":"1098-6596","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9788578110796\n_eprint: arXiv:1011.1669v3\nPMID: 25246403","tags":[{"tag":"icle"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z"}}


key: 3TUA95R8
data:
  {"key":"3TUA95R8","version":486,"data":{"key":"3TUA95R8","version":486,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Distillation-Resolved Evolution of Key Combustion Properties","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jay A","lastName":"Lefkowitz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Francis M","lastName":"Haas"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"10th U. S. National Combustion Meeting","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"batch distillation"},{"tag":"preferential vaporization"},{"tag":"spray combustion"},{"tag":"surrogate fuel"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z"}}


key: VY8HBCR2
data:
  {"key":"VY8HBCR2","version":486,"data":{"key":"VY8HBCR2","version":486,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Impact of the surrogate formulation on 3D CFD engine knock prediction using detailed chemistry","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Corinna","lastName":"Netzer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Lars","lastName":"Seidel"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Frédéric","lastName":"Ravet"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fabian","lastName":"Mauß"}],"abstractNote":"For engine knock prediction, surrogate fuels are often composed of iso-octane and n-heptane since they are the components of the Primary Reference Fuel (PRF). By definition, a PRF has no octane sensitivity (S = RON-MON). However, for a commercial gasoline fuel holds RON \\textgreater MON and therefor S \\textgreater 0. More complex surrogates are Toluene Reference Fuels (TRF) and Ethanol containing Toluene Reference Fuels (ETRF). In this work, the impact of the surrogate formulation on the prediction of flame propagation and auto-ignition in the unburnt gases are investigated. The surrogates are composed such that the Research Octane Number is the same. The auto-ignition events ahead of the flame front are predicted using 3D CFD and a combustion model based on the ETRF mechanism by Seidel (2017). The strength of the auto-ignition is determined using the detonation diagram by Bradley and co-workers (2002, 2003). Applying the different surrogates, ignition kernels of different size and reactivity are predicted. The results indicate a dependency on the local temperature history and the low temperature chemistry of the fuel species. The comparison of homogenous constant volume reactor and transient simulations show that the analysis of ignition delay time and octane rating solely from homogenous simulations is not sufficient if the knock tendency of a surrogate in engine simulations needs to be characterized.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"254","issue":"January","pages":"115678","date":"2019","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115678","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115678","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[{"tag":"CFD"},{"tag":"Detailed chemistry"},{"tag":"ETRF"},{"tag":"Engine knock"},{"tag":"Resonance theory"},{"tag":"Surrogate"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z"}}


key: SCJ462CK
data:
  {"key":"SCJ462CK","version":486,"data":{"key":"SCJ462CK","version":486,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"S 850264","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Advancing","lastName":"Mobility"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"G L","lastName":"Borman"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z"}}


key: NXUYV87K
data:
  {"key":"NXUYV87K","version":486,"data":{"key":"NXUYV87K","version":486,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Combustion in Gas Fueled Compression: Ignition Engines of the Dual Fuel Type","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"G. a.","lastName":"Karim"}],"abstractNote":"In the dual fuel engine much of the energy release comes from the combustion of the gaseous fuel while only a small amount of diesel liquid fuel provides ignition through timed cylinder injection. Such operation with optimum conversion methods has the potential to provide operational characteristics that are comparable or superior to those of the corresponding diesel or spark ignition engines. These characteristics may be realized only if sufficiently effective measures can be ensured both for the avoidance of knock, usually at high loads, and incomplete gaseous fuel utilization at relatively light loads. An objective of this contribution is to demonstrate that the main effort needed to overcome the problems associated with the operation of gas fueled dual fuel engines is via a better control of the relatively complex processes of combustion. Both experimental and analytical modeling procedures for effecting optimum improvement to the combustion process are described.","publicationTitle":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","volume":"125","issue":"3","pages":"827","date":"2003","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1115/1.1581894","ISSN":"07424795","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z"}}


key: KJS7GMH7
data:
  {"key":"KJS7GMH7","version":486,"data":{"key":"KJS7GMH7","version":486,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The Development of an Electronic Control Unit for a High Pressure Common Rail Diesel / Natural Gas Dual- Fuel Engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xing","lastName":"Wei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ke","lastName":"Zeng"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1168","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–11","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2014-01-1168.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 2014011168","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:40Z"}}


key: UA8NX5Q8
data:
  {"key":"UA8NX5Q8","version":486,"data":{"key":"UA8NX5Q8","version":486,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Impact of Biodiesel Emission Products from a Multi-Cylinder Direct Injection Diesel Engine on Particulate Filter Performance","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A","lastName":"Peterson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M","lastName":"Lai"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M","lastName":"Wu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C","lastName":"DiMaggio"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–1184","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"papers://B3F20CA2-9ACD-4BA1-A510-19A2EC38FE78/Paper/p40","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:39Z"}}


key: 7SN5Z5R5
data:
  {"key":"7SN5Z5R5","version":485,"data":{"key":"7SN5Z5R5","version":485,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Computationally Efficient Simulation of Multicomponent Fuel Combustion Using a Sparse Analytical Jacobian Chemistry Solver and High-Dimensional Clustering","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Federico","lastName":"Perini"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Anand","lastName":"Krishnasamy"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Youngchul","lastName":"Ra"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D.","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"The need for more efficient and environmentally sustainable internal combustion engines is driving research towards the need to consider more realistic models for both fuel physics and chemistry. As far as compression ignition engines are concerned, phenomenological or lumped fuel models are unreliable to capture spray and combustion strategies outside of their validation domains - typically, high-pressure injection and high-temperature combustion. Furthermore, the development of variable-reactivity combustion strategies also creates the need to model comprehensively different hydrocarbon families even in single fuel surrogates. From the computational point of view, challenges to achieving practical simulation times arise from the dimensions of the reaction mechanism, which can be of hundreds species even if hydrocarbon families are lumped into representative compounds and, thus, modeled with nonelementary, skeletal reaction pathways. In this case, it is also impossible to pursue further mechanism reductions to lower dimensions. central processing unit (CPU) times for integrating chemical kinetics in internal combustion engine simulations ultimately scale with the number of cells in the grid and with the cube number of species in the reaction mechanism. In the present work, two approaches to reduce the demands of engine simulations with detailed chemistry are presented. The first one addresses the demands due to the solution of the chemistry ordinary differential equation (ODE) system, and features the adoption of SpeedCHEM, a newly developed chemistry package that solves chemical kinetics using sparse analytical Jacobians. The second one aims to reduce the number of chemistry calculations by binning the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) cells of the engine grid into a subset of clusters, where chemistry is solved and then mapped back to the original domain. In particular, a high-dimensional representation of the chemical state space is adopted for keeping track of the different fuel components, and a newly developed bounding-box- constrained k-means algorithm is used to subdivide the cells into reactively homogeneous clusters. The approaches have been tested on a number of simulations featuring multicomponent diesel fuel surrogates and different engine grids. The results show that significant CPU time reductions, of about 1 order of magnitude, can be achieved without loss of accuracy in both engine performance and emissions predictions, prompting for their applicability to more refined or full-sized engine grids. Copyright © 2014 by ASME.","publicationTitle":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","volume":"136","issue":"September 2014","pages":"091515","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1115/1.4027280","ISSN":"0742-4795","shortTitle":"","url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84900015784{\\&}partnerID=tZOtx3y1","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9780791856109","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:39Z"}}


key: 96YGSDGF
data:
  {"key":"96YGSDGF","version":485,"data":{"key":"96YGSDGF","version":485,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The influence of pilot-main injection matching on DI diesel engine combustion using an endoscopic visualization system","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiang Rong","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wei","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Lu Ming","lastName":"Zhao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fu Shui","lastName":"Liu"}],"abstractNote":"Several studies have found that pilot injection enhances the mixture and combustion of the main injection fuel, which effectively improves performance and reduces emission. However, only a few investigations have focused on remediating the negative effect of pilot injection, which is that it restricts the advancement of the split injection. Therefore we study the influence of pilot-main injection matching on the combustion of diesel engines. The experiment was conducted using a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine equipped with a high-pressure common rail system and an endoscopic visualization system. Through the endoscopic visualization method, the effect of pilot injection on mixing, combustion characteristics, and soot formation of the main injection fuel was investigated. The results show that the thermos atmosphere of a pilot injection with the correct parameters (a small pilot ratio and short dwell time) improves the mixture and combustion of the main injection fuel, which shortens the combustion duration. Compared with single injection as well as with split injections with longer dwell times or larger pilot injections, the pilot injection with a small pilot ratio and short dwell time obtained higher thermal efficiency. Also flame temperature peak and soot concentration decreased. For spilt injection with longer dwell time, the TA by pilot injection traversed far away from the main injection, thus not to promote evaporation, mixing, and ignition of the main injection fuel; for spilt injection with larger pilot injection, the TA by pilot injection will constraint the combustion of the main injection fuel, deteriorating mixing and combustion.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"188","issue":"","pages":"575–585","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.069","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.069","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Direct injection (DI) diesel engine"},{"tag":"Endoscopic visualization"},{"tag":"Pilot-main injection interaction"},{"tag":"Split injection"},{"tag":"Thermos atmosphere (TA)"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:39Z"}}


key: GUQQ9F4N
data:
  {"key":"GUQQ9F4N","version":485,"data":{"key":"GUQQ9F4N","version":485,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Droplet Evaporation in High-Temperature Air","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Guang","lastName":"Jin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rui","lastName":"Tian"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xingwang","lastName":"Song"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wenfei","lastName":"Wu"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"218–223","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9781935068372","tags":[{"tag":"droplet"},{"tag":"evaporation rules"},{"tag":"high-temperature air"},{"tag":"studies"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:39Z"}}


key: VHW3NGWA
data:
  {"key":"VHW3NGWA","version":485,"data":{"key":"VHW3NGWA","version":485,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Amplified pressure waves during autoignition: Relevance to CAI engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D.","lastName":"Bradley"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C.","lastName":"Morley"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"X. J.","lastName":"Gu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D. R.","lastName":"Emerson"}],"abstractNote":"Controlled autoignition (CAI) engines ideally operate at very lean stoichiometries to achieve low NOx emissions. But at high loads, when combustion approaches stoichiometric, they become noisy and severe engine knock develops. A possible cause is the development of amplifying pressure waves near the hot spots that inevitably occur in the autoigniting gas. This paper presents the results from numerical solutions at realistic engine conditions of the detailed chemical kinetic equations with acoustic wave propagation. Those calculations that involve hot spots must include a spatial dimension. Because of this, they are much more time-consuming than for the homogeneous case. A model system of mixtures of 0.5 H2-0.5 CO with air for equivalence ratios, ϕ, between 0.45 and 1.0 has been used at engine-like temperatures and pressures. These calculations investigate the behaviour for various values of ϕ, hot spot size and temperature elevation. They demonstrate that strong pressure spikes and developing detonations occur when the spatial gradient of temperature is such that the autoignition moves into the unburnt mixture at approximately the speed of sound, so that the chemical and acoustic waves reinforce each other. It is also shown that this resonance, in itself, is not sufficient for a developing detonation to occur and it is also necessary for the mixture to be sufficiently reactive. The criterion for this in terms of the homogeneous chemical kinetics is developed. It is postulated that the conditions for the resonance will occur somewhere in the cylinder for most mixtures but only for ϕ close to stoichiometric do strong pressure waves develop, leading to noisy and possibly damaging combustion. Copyright © 2002 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":"","issue":"724","pages":"","date":"2002","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2002-01-2868","ISSN":"26883627","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:39Z"}}


key: TDDH34J8
data:
  {"key":"TDDH34J8","version":485,"data":{"key":"TDDH34J8","version":485,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Sensitivity to Experimental Uncertainty in Surrogate Descriptions of Aviation Fuels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Pavan B","lastName":"Govindaraju"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matthias","lastName":"Ihme"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–9","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"parametric optimization"},{"tag":"sensitivity analysis"},{"tag":"surrogate fuel"},{"tag":"transportation fuels"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:39Z"}}


key: R8JM6996
data:
  {"key":"R8JM6996","version":485,"data":{"key":"R8JM6996","version":485,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Combustion characteristics of diesel-hydrogen dual fuel engine at low load","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"W B","lastName":"Santoso"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R A","lastName":"Bakar"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A","lastName":"Nur"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Physics Procedia","volume":"32","issue":"","pages":"3–10","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.002","ISSN":"1876-6102","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.002","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier B.V.","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:39Z"}}


key: MTM35EHH
data:
  {"key":"MTM35EHH","version":485,"data":{"key":"MTM35EHH","version":485,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical analysis of the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engines with multiple injection strategies using a modified 2-D flamelet model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gyujin","lastName":"Kim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sunyoung","lastName":"Moon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Seungha","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kyoungdoug","lastName":"Min"}],"abstractNote":"The multiple injection strategy has been widely used in diesel engines to reduce engine noise, NOx and soot formation. Fuel injection developments such as the common-rail and piezo-actuator system provide more precise control of the injection quantity and time under higher injection pressures. As various injection strategies become accessible, it is important to understand the interaction of each fuel stream and following combustion process under the multiple injection strategy. To investigate these complex processes quantitatively, numerical analysis using CFD is a good alternative to overcome the limitation of experiments. A modified 2-D flamelet model is further developed from previous work to model multi-fuel streams with higher accuracy. The model was validated under various engine operating conditions and captures the combustion and emissions characteristics as well as several parametric variations. The model is expected to be used to suggest advanced injection strategies in engine development processes.","publicationTitle":"Energies","volume":"10","issue":"9","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.3390/en10091292","ISSN":"19961073","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 8228801661","tags":[{"tag":"CFD"},{"tag":"Collapse method"},{"tag":"Modified 2-D flamelet model"},{"tag":"Multiple injection"},{"tag":"NOxemissions"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:39Z"}}


key: FZLQ75TM
data:
  {"key":"FZLQ75TM","version":485,"data":{"key":"FZLQ75TM","version":485,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Study of liquid and vapor phase behavior on Diesel sprays for heavy duty engine nozzles","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R.","lastName":"Payri"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J.","lastName":"Gimeno"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"G.","lastName":"Bracho"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D.","lastName":"Vaquerizo"}],"abstractNote":"A lot of effort has been put in the past years into the understanding of the delivery and development of diesel sprays in engine-like conditions as it has been proved to be a very important step for the design of better and cleaner commercial engines. Due to the bigger share of passenger cars engines over heavy duty engines, the research has been mainly focused on the investigation using small nozzles. This paper studies two nozzles with diameters representative of those that can be encountered in heavy duty engines, with the objective of corroborating the conclusions gathered for small nozzles representative of passenger car engines. The experimental data have been acquired by state-of-the-art techniques and equipment, and serves two purposes: further the understanding of the physics involved in the injection event and spray evaporation; and provide a dataset to CFD models that can accurately predict the behavior of the injection event. The tests were performed in a constant pressure flow vessel that allows to simulate engine-like conditions (1000 K and 15 Mpa) with continuous flow. The injection system tested is a novel, common-rail, solenoid-actuated injector for heavy duty applications which operates up to 220 Mpa. All experiments were performed in non-reacting conditions. The extended test matrix allowed to determine the influence of several parameters such as rail pressure, gas temperature, gas density, and nozzle geometry on the air–fuel mixing and evaporation process, by analyzing the spray penetration and spreading angle. Mie scattering and double-pass Schlieren optical configurations have been used to measure global liquid and vapor penetration, respectively. The data proves that spray penetration at low temperature can be up to 15% faster than spray penetration at high temperature conditions at the same density for the nozzles experimented, which limits the usability of low temperature experiments to infer the behavior of the injector at high temperature conditions. The data also shows that the nozzle with the biggest diameter provided the highest value of stabilized liquid length as expected. Also, when vapor phase is reached, the temperature has negligible effect on the global diesel spray morphology, and no influence on the tip penetration or on the spreading angle.","publicationTitle":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"107","issue":"","pages":"365–378","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.06.159","ISSN":"13594311","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.06.159","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 1359-4311\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel spray"},{"tag":"Heavy duty engines"},{"tag":"Liquid"},{"tag":"Mie scattering"},{"tag":"Penetration"},{"tag":"Schlieren"},{"tag":"Vapor"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:39Z"}}


key: HTMJH7B7
data:
  {"key":"HTMJH7B7","version":485,"data":{"key":"HTMJH7B7","version":485,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Blood flow in intracranial aneurysms treated with Pipeline embolization devices: computational simulation and verification with Doppler ultrasonography on phantom models.","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Anderson Chun On","lastName":"Tsang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Simon Sui Man","lastName":"Lai"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wai Choi","lastName":"Chung"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Abraham Yik Sau","lastName":"Tang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gilberto Ka Kit","lastName":"Leung"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alexander Kai Kei","lastName":"Poon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alfred Cheuk Hang","lastName":"Yu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kwok Wing","lastName":"Chow"}],"abstractNote":"PURPOSE The aim of this study was to validate a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of flow-diverter treatment through Doppler ultrasonography measurements in patient-specific models of intracranial bifurcation and side-wall aneurysms. METHODS Computational and physical models of patient-specific bifurcation and sidewall aneurysms were constructed from computed tomography angiography with use of stereolithography, a three-dimensional printing technology. Flow dynamics parameters before and after flow-diverter treatment were measured with pulse-wave and color Doppler ultrasonography, and then compared with CFD simulations. RESULTS CFD simulations showed drastic flow reduction after flow-diverter treatment in both aneurysms. The mean volume flow rate decreased by 90% and 85% for the bifurcation aneurysm and the side-wall aneurysm, respectively. Velocity contour plots from computer simulations before and after flow diversion closely resembled the patterns obtained by color Doppler ultrasonography. CONCLUSION The CFD estimation of flow reduction in aneurysms treated with a flow-diverting stent was verified by Doppler ultrasonography in patient-specific phantom models of bifurcation and side-wall aneurysms. The combination of CFD and ultrasonography may constitute a feasible and reliable technique in studying the treatment of intracranial aneurysms with flow-diverting stents.","publicationTitle":"Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"34","issue":"2","pages":"98–108","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.14366/usg.14063","ISSN":"2288-5919","shortTitle":"","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25754367{\\%}5Cnhttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC4372715","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 2288-5919 (Print) 2288-5919\nPMID: 25754367","tags":[{"tag":"Endovascular procedures"},{"tag":"Flow diverter"},{"tag":"Intracranial aneurysm"},{"tag":"Printing"},{"tag":"Ultrasonography"},{"tag":"three-dimensional"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z"}}


key: 2LRZ4TJ3
data:
  {"key":"2LRZ4TJ3","version":485,"data":{"key":"2LRZ4TJ3","version":485,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Impact of Thermal Expansion and Lewis Number on Premixed Flame Propagation in Channels with Adiabatic and Isothermal , Nonslip Walls","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Swathi Reddy","lastName":"Shetty"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sinan","lastName":"Demir"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Damir","lastName":"Valiev"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"V","lastName":"Akkerman"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"adiabatic and isothermal walls"},{"tag":"flame acceleration"},{"tag":"flames"},{"tag":"lewis number"},{"tag":"non-equidiffusive"},{"tag":"premixed combustion"},{"tag":"wall friction"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z"}}


key: JWQ6SCZ7
data:
  {"key":"JWQ6SCZ7","version":484,"data":{"key":"JWQ6SCZ7","version":484,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Intensive literature review of condensation inside smooth and enhanced tubes","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A S","lastName":"Dalkilic"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S","lastName":"Wongwises"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"52","issue":"15-16","pages":"3409–3426","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.01.011","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 00179310","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z"}}


key: N523DSIK
data:
  {"key":"N523DSIK","version":484,"data":{"key":"N523DSIK","version":484,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Direct Visualization of Combustion in an E85-Fueled DISI Engine under Various Operation Conditions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Po-I","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nick","lastName":"Polcyn"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ming Chia","lastName":"Lai"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper","volume":"","issue":"2013-01-1129","pages":"","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2013-01-1129","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2013-01-1129","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z"}}


key: 3V9L9GSB
data:
  {"key":"3V9L9GSB","version":484,"data":{"key":"3V9L9GSB","version":484,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A level-set based adaptive-grid method for premixed combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Daniel","lastName":"Hartmann"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matthias","lastName":"Meinke"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wolfgang","lastName":"Schröder"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"158","issue":"7","pages":"1318–1339","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.11.007","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.11.007","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z"}}


key: 957GIEK5
data:
  {"key":"957GIEK5","version":484,"data":{"key":"957GIEK5","version":484,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A Model for Multicomponent Spray Vaporization in a High-Pressure and High-Temperature Environment","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Y.","lastName":"Zeng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C. F.","lastName":"Lee"}],"abstractNote":"A multicomponent droplet vaporization model including both gas and$\\backslash$nliquid phase transport processes was developed for multidimensional$\\backslash$nspray computations. This paper focuses on two effects altering vaporization$\\backslash$nin a high-pressure and high-temperature environment. One effect is$\\backslash$non droplet surface regression caused by a higher vaporization rate.$\\backslash$nThis effect is well characterized by the Lewis number and the Peclet$\\backslash$nnumber with the regression velocity. Formulas based on the two numbers$\\backslash$nwere included to improve model accuracy. The other effect is on the$\\backslash$nnonideal behavior and was covered in the model by using the Peng-Robinson$\\backslash$nequation of state to determine phase equilibrium at the droplet surface.$\\backslash$nThe model was validated by the results from an accurate simplified$\\backslash$nvortex model and experimental measurements, and excellent agreements$\\backslash$nwere demonstrated. Further comparisons against the model without$\\backslash$nthe two effects and an infinite diffusion model show that significant$\\backslash$nimprovement was achieved by the model for single-droplet and spray$\\backslash$ncomputations.","publicationTitle":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","volume":"124","issue":"3","pages":"717","date":"2002","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1115/1.1456094","ISSN":"07424795","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z"}}


key: AMAMVYGI
data:
  {"key":"AMAMVYGI","version":484,"data":{"key":"AMAMVYGI","version":484,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Using Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG) to Build Detailed Kinetic Model of Biofuels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fariba","lastName":"Seyedzadeh Khanshan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Richard H.","lastName":"West"}],"abstractNote":"applicability for this approach.","publicationTitle":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling","volume":"53","issue":"9","pages":"1689–1699","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004","ISSN":"1098-6596","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9788578110796\n_eprint: arXiv:1011.1669v3\nPMID: 25246403","tags":[{"tag":"icle"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z"}}


key: ILSGX3EZ
data:
  {"key":"ILSGX3EZ","version":484,"data":{"key":"ILSGX3EZ","version":484,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Evaporation of a liquid droplet","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Richard","lastName":"Kayser"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Herbert S.","lastName":"Bennett"}],"abstractNote":"Two idealized models for the preheat stage of liquid droplets are analyzed theoretically. These models contain the effects of transient heat conduction and evaporation. It is assumed that the droplet surface area decreases linearly with time. This assumption necessitates the solution of moving boundary problems . These models, however, do not consider gas-phase mass transport . In the finite-gradient model, the temperatures of both the droplet and surrounding hot gases vary spatially and temporally. In the zero-gradient model the gas temperature varies spatially and temporally but the droplet temperature varies only temporally, i.e., the droplet temperature is spatially uniform. Numerical examples, which require extensive calculations of confuent hypergeometric functions, are presented for typical values of the droplet latent heat and evaporation rate constant. The temperature profiles given by the finite-gradient and zero-gradient models agree to within 20 percent of each other for all cases examined.","publicationTitle":"Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards Section A: Physics and Chemistry","volume":"81A","issue":"2/3","pages":"257","date":"1977","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.6028/jres.081A.015","ISSN":"0022-4332","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"conflue nt hype rgeometric"},{"tag":"d ro plet"},{"tag":"fun cti ons"},{"tag":"heat"},{"tag":"lem"},{"tag":"mov ing boundary prob"},{"tag":"pre heat"},{"tag":"tra ns ie nt"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z"}}


key: ZCGQX9XP
data:
  {"key":"ZCGQX9XP","version":484,"data":{"key":"ZCGQX9XP","version":484,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A reactivity study of jet fuel relevant pure hydrocarbon components in a rapid compression machine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K.","lastName":"Min"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D.","lastName":"Valco"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Oldani"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"T.","lastName":"Lee"}],"abstractNote":"Copyright © 2017 ASME. Autoignition behavior of jet fuel relevant pure hydrocarbon components have been investigated using a rapid compression machine and validated with chemical kinetics simulations. Employment of alternative energy sources can alleviate the energy crisis that this generation confronts. Alternative fuels can be obtained from diverse feedstocks through a variety of pathways. Due to this diversity, numerous alternative fuels have unique compositions which are distinct from conventional fuels. Evaluating differences in combustion behavior of these fuels is a pivotal and initial task of drop-in fuel applications. Hydrocarbon species in conventional and alternative fuels can be broadly classified into four major groups: normal alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclic alkanes, and aromatics. The focus of this study are normal and isoalkanes, where three isomers of dodecane have been selected and tested to evaluate the contribution of chemical structure in autoignition behavior. Ndodecane, which is a straight chain of twelve carbons, and two isododecanes with different degrees of branching are tested in heated rapid compression machine (RCM) at University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Measurements were made at compressed pressures (Pc) of 10 and 20 bar, with fuel and oxidizer (dry air) mixture of equivalence ratio (?) at unity, 0.5 and 0.25. Compressed temperatures (Tc) of the tests are in low to intermediate range (620 K \\textless T \\textless 710 K) where NTC behavior has been observed for heavily branched isododecane. The direct test chamber method is used for precise and reliable measurements. Ignition delay times of n-dodecane are the shortest among tested fuels, as expected. Extremely low reactivity of the pentamethylheptane, heavily branched isododecane has been observed. The results have also compared to JP-8 as a reference. For several conditions where first and second stage ignition are distinguishable, it is shown that temperature dependency is greater for first stage ignition delay than second stage.","publicationTitle":"ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Proceedings (IMECE)","volume":"6","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1115/IMECE2017-72002","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9780791858417","tags":[{"tag":"fuel reactivity"},{"tag":"ignition delay"},{"tag":"jet fuel"},{"tag":"rcm"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z"}}


key: WTFGLIZP
data:
  {"key":"WTFGLIZP","version":484,"data":{"key":"WTFGLIZP","version":484,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A review of kinetic reduction techniques available with KINALC ,","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Anne","lastName":"Felden"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:38Z"}}


key: 8J3Y2YGI
data:
  {"key":"8J3Y2YGI","version":504,"data":{"key":"8J3Y2YGI","version":504,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Quantum chemical and kinetic modelling of methyvinyal + O 2 reaction","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xi","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C Franklin","lastName":"Goldsmith"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"kinetics"},{"tag":"me"},{"tag":"methylvinyl"},{"tag":"o 2"},{"tag":"rrkm"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:58Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:58Z"}}


key: YTF8TCBV
data:
  {"key":"YTF8TCBV","version":504,"data":{"key":"YTF8TCBV","version":504,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Ignition delay times for jet and diesel fuels: Constant volume spray and gas-phase shock tube measurements","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sean","lastName":"Burden"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Aniket","lastName":"Tekawade"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matthew A.","lastName":"Oehlschlaeger"}],"abstractNote":"Ignition delay times for conventional and alternative jet and diesel fuels were measured in a constant volume spray combustion chamber and a shock tube in homogenous gas-phase reflected shock experiments. Experiments were performed in the spray environment for injection of liquid fuel sprays into hot air at 1.0, 2.14, and 4.0 MPa and 620–830 K. Shock tube experiments were performed for homogenous stoichiometric fuel/air mixtures at pressures around 2, 4, and 8 MPa and for 660–1310 K. These experiments characterize relative fuel reactivity, the dependence of reactivity on temperature and pressure, and allow for correlation of reactivity under spray and homogenous gas-phase conditions. Important results include the observation of three temperature regimes for reactivity in the shock tube experiments: high- and low-temperature regimes with positive overall activation energy connected by a negative-temperature-coefficient (NTC) regime. While increasing pressure was shown to result in decreasing ignition delay in all regimes, pressure was shown to have an appreciably larger influence in the NTC regime. Spray ignition experiments exhibited decreasing temperature dependence with increasing temperature from the low-temperature regime towards the entrance to the NTC. Fuel reactivity trends from spray ignition experiments, quantified using the derived cetane number (DCN), were found to correlate via a power law relationship with ignition delay times measured in the shock tube at NTC conditions, suggesting that DCN is primarily sensitive to NTC gas-phase chemical kinetic reactivity. The extensive experimental database reported here for jet and diesel fuels at high-pressure engine-like combustion conditions should be valuable for the future development of real fuel chemical kinetic modeling.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"219","issue":"November 2017","pages":"312–319","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2018.01.113","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.01.113","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[{"tag":"Derived cetane number (DCN)"},{"tag":"Diesel fuels"},{"tag":"Ignition delay"},{"tag":"Jet fuels"},{"tag":"Shock tube"},{"tag":"Sprays"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:58Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:58Z"}}


key: JLWWTNDM
data:
  {"key":"JLWWTNDM","version":504,"data":{"key":"JLWWTNDM","version":504,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Potential of a jet-induced shock wave to influence an upstream droplet cloud in compression-ignition engines using multiple injection strategies","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Pascal","lastName":"Tétrault"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Patrice","lastName":"Seers"}],"abstractNote":"High-pressure diesel-fuel sprays have been shown to emit shock wave under certain conditions, while the advanced injection strategy used in internal-combustion engines involve multiple injections taking place within a short time frame. Experimental study of double injection has shown in two instances that the first fuel-spray cloud could be accelerated before the arrival of the second fuel spray. Herein, it is hypothesized that a shock wave emitted from an injection interacts with the fuel-spray cloud of a preceding injection and is responsible of a push-away mechanism on the first droplet cloud reported on in the literature. In this context, the shock waves emitted by fuel-spray jets with a commercial 5-hole diesel injector injecting into a pressure vessel were characterized with schlieren visualizations and dynamic pressure measurements taken with single- and double-injection strategies. The experimental results confirm the shock presence based on schlieren measurements. The measured shock conditions show a different shock topology from most shock-tube experiments as the expansion wave closely followed the shock front, resulting in a thin shocked region and a short duration of the droplet exposition to the post-shock gas conditions. Experimental measurements were then used as initial conditions in a 1D multiphase simulation model allowing simulation of the shock-wave interaction with the droplet cloud under engine-related conditions. The model was used to conduct a parametric study on the droplet-cloud characteristics and showed that, as the cloud density increased, the shock intensity and droplet-induced velocity decreased. Finally, the model was used to illustrate that the push-away interaction mechanism could be explained by the shock wave-fuel-droplet-cloud interaction.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"101","issue":"","pages":"64–73","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.01.001","ISSN":"03019322","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel spray"},{"tag":"Fuel injection"},{"tag":"Momentum transfer"},{"tag":"Multiple injections"},{"tag":"Shock-wave"},{"tag":"Spray penetration"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:58Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:58Z"}}


key: N3DDKTL9
data:
  {"key":"N3DDKTL9","version":504,"data":{"key":"N3DDKTL9","version":504,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A Multicomponent Blend as a Diesel Fuel Surrogate for Compression Ignition Engine Applications","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yuanjiang","lastName":"Pei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Marco","lastName":"Mehl"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wei","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tianfeng","lastName":"Lu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"William J.","lastName":"Pitz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sibendu","lastName":"Som"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","volume":"137","issue":"11","pages":"111502","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1115/1.4030416","ISSN":"0742-4795","shortTitle":"","url":"http://gasturbinespower.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?doi=10.1115/1.4030416","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9780791846179","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:58Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:58Z"}}


key: 8ISKGKJT
data:
  {"key":"8ISKGKJT","version":504,"data":{"key":"8ISKGKJT","version":504,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Multidimensional Numerical Investigation of NO x Formation in a Burner Coupled Flow Tube Configuration : NO x Kinetics in Post , Pre and Flame Locations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sheikh F","lastName":"Ahmed"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Adhiraj","lastName":"Dasgupta"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Frederick L","lastName":"Dryer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tanvir I","lastName":"Farouk"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–7","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"multidimensional"},{"tag":"no x"},{"tag":"openfoam"},{"tag":"two-dimensionality"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:58Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:58Z"}}


key: C4U7NIXL
data:
  {"key":"C4U7NIXL","version":504,"data":{"key":"C4U7NIXL","version":504,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental Investigation of the Interaction of MultipleGDI Injections using Laser Diagnostics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Diana","lastName":"Martin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jochen","lastName":"Stratmann"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Philipp","lastName":"Pischke"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Reinhold","lastName":"Kneer"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Int. J. Engines","volume":"3","issue":"1","pages":"372–388","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2010-01-0596","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:58Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:58Z"}}


key: UKXU7YHF
data:
  {"key":"UKXU7YHF","version":503,"data":{"key":"UKXU7YHF","version":503,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The Development of an Electronic Control Unit for a High Pressure Common Rail Diesel / Natural Gas Dual- Fuel Engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xing","lastName":"Wei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ke","lastName":"Zeng"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2014-01-1168.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 2014011168","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:58Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:58Z"}}


key: CP8E5XVF
data:
  {"key":"CP8E5XVF","version":503,"data":{"key":"CP8E5XVF","version":503,"itemType":"thesis","title":"NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF WIND TURBINE FLOWS AND FLUID PROBLEM BY OPENFOAM AND ANSYS","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yi-ching","lastName":"Wang"}],"abstractNote":"","thesisType":"PhD Thesis","university":"","place":"","date":"2015","numPages":"","language":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Issue: August","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:58Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:58Z"}}


key: N7RQ77TH
data:
  {"key":"N7RQ77TH","version":503,"data":{"key":"N7RQ77TH","version":503,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental study on combustion characteristics of a spark-ignition engine fueled with natural gas–hydrogen blends combining with EGR","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Erjiang","lastName":"Hu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zuohua","lastName":"Huang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bing","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jianjun","lastName":"Zheng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaolei","lastName":"Gu"}],"abstractNote":"An experimental study on the effect of hydrogen fraction and EGR rate on the combustion characteristics of a spark-ignition engine fueled with natural gas–hydrogen blends was investigated. The results show that flame development duration, rapid combustion duration and total combustion duration are increased with the increase of EGR rate and decreased with the increase of hydrogen fraction in the blends. Hydrogen addition shows larger influence on flame development duration than that on rapid combustion duration. The coefficient of variation of the indicated mean effective pressure increases with the increase of EGR rate. And hydrogen addition into natural gas decreases the coefficient of variation of the indicated mean effective pressure, and this effectiveness becomes more obviously at high EGR rate. Engine fueled with natural gas–hydrogen blends combining with proper EGR rate can realize the stable low temperature combustion in gas engine.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"34","issue":"2","pages":"1035–1044","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.11.030","ISSN":"03603199","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z"}}


key: BLIXE6VZ
data:
  {"key":"BLIXE6VZ","version":503,"data":{"key":"BLIXE6VZ","version":503,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental study of the effects of natural gas injection timing on the combustion performance and emissions of a turbocharged common rail dual-fuel engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xing","lastName":"Wei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chengxun","lastName":"Xi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yifu","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ke","lastName":"Zeng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ming Chia","lastName":"Lai"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"87","issue":"","pages":"297–304","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.enconman.2014.07.030","ISSN":"0196-8904","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.07.030","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z"}}


key: FRDH82FH
data:
  {"key":"FRDH82FH","version":503,"data":{"key":"FRDH82FH","version":503,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Development of an optimized chemical kinetic mechanism for ...","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R","lastName":"Khoshbakhti"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z"}}


key: XES7AUD7
data:
  {"key":"XES7AUD7","version":503,"data":{"key":"XES7AUD7","version":503,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Computational Study of Laser Ignition of Premixed Fuel Air mixtures in a Rapid Compression Machine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Siddhesh","lastName":"Bhoite"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ciprian","lastName":"Dumitrache"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Azer","lastName":"Yalin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Anthony J","lastName":"Marchese"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z"}}


key: TVWY9JHR
data:
  {"key":"TVWY9JHR","version":503,"data":{"key":"TVWY9JHR","version":503,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Ethanol/N-Heptane Dual-Fuel Partially Premixed Combustion Analysis through Formaldehyde PLIF","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Radu","lastName":"Florea"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kan","lastName":"Zha"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xin","lastName":"Yu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Marcis","lastName":"Jansons"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Dinu","lastName":"Taraza"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Naeim","lastName":"Henein"}],"abstractNote":"As a result of recent focus on the control of Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) modes, dual-fuel combustion strategies such as Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) have been developed. Reactivity stratification of the auto-igniting mixture is thought to be responsible for the increase in allowable engine load compared to other LTC combustion modes such as Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI). The current study investigates the effect of ethanol intake fuel injection on in-cylinder formaldehyde formation and stratification within an optically accessible engine operated with n-heptane direct injection using optical measurements and zero-dimensional chemical kinetic models. Images obtained by Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) of formaldehyde using the third harmonic of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser indicate an increase in formaldehyde heterogeneity as measured by the fluorescence signal standard deviation. The experimental observations are complemented by a discussion regarding definitions of “reactivity”.","publicationTitle":"SAE International Journal of Engines","volume":"5","issue":"2","pages":"2012–01–0685","date":"2012","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2012-01-0685","ISSN":"1946-3944","shortTitle":"","url":"http://papers.sae.org/2012-01-0685/","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z"}}


key: N8UGNZAH
data:
  {"key":"N8UGNZAH","version":503,"data":{"key":"N8UGNZAH","version":503,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental investigation on velocity inside a diesel spray after impingement on a wall","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yoshio","lastName":"Zama"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yotsugu","lastName":"Odawara"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tomohiko","lastName":"Furuhata"}],"abstractNote":"Recently, a combustion chamber of a high speed diesel engine has been downsized in order to improve fuel economy. Moreover, injection pressure of the diesel fuel tends to increase due to promotion of fuel atomization. Therefore, the diesel spray flame impinges on a cavity wall of a combustion chamber in recent diesel engines. It results that promotion of heat loss from the engine occurred due to the heat transfer between the impingement spray flame and the cavity wall. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the impingement phenomenon of the diesel spray flame for improvement of the thermal efficiency. In order to understand the impingement mechanism between the spray flame and the wall, velocity measurement of an impingement diesel spray flame is required. Moreover, the heat transfer strongly depends on the flow characteristics of the impingement spray flame. Velocity information of the impingement spray might provide heat transfer mechanism between the spray and the wall although the diesel spray was not a flame. In this study, velocity field of an impingement diesel spray was measured with time-resolved PIV. Effect of ambient gas density, injection pressure and impingement angle on flow characteristics of the impingement diesel spray was investigated. Moreover, velocity of the diesel spray just before impingement on the wall was measured in order to investigate dependence of the impinging spray velocity on the post-impingement spray velocity. As the result, averaged radial peak velocities of the post-impingement diesel spray decreased with an increase of ambient gas density. Moreover, dependence of the impinging spray velocity on the averaged peak velocities of the post-impingement spray was clarified.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"203","issue":"","pages":"757–763","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2017.04.099","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.04.099","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Ambient gas density"},{"tag":"Impingement angle"},{"tag":"Impingement diesel spray"},{"tag":"Injection pressure"},{"tag":"PIV"},{"tag":"Velocity field"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z"}}


key: XTHLEIR9
data:
  {"key":"XTHLEIR9","version":503,"data":{"key":"XTHLEIR9","version":503,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Improved Lagrangian CMC for Simulation of Combustion Under Diesel-like Condition","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Karam","lastName":"Han"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jaeyeob","lastName":"Seo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kang Y.","lastName":"Huh"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2013-01-2629","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2013-01-2629","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z"}}


key: MBBBJ4SD
data:
  {"key":"MBBBJ4SD","version":503,"data":{"key":"MBBBJ4SD","version":503,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"A NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE LAMINAR FLAME SPEED OF STRATIFIED METHANE / AIR FLAMES","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A Pires D A","lastName":"Cruz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A M","lastName":"Dean"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J M","lastName":"Grenda"}],"abstractNote":"Freely propagating laminar methane/air flames were modeled for spatially stratified equivalence ratio conditions at atmospheric pressure. The GRI 2.11 mechanism was used with a modified version of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory HCT code to describe the reaction kinetics. Results showed that the laminar flame speed was strongly affected by the equivalence ratio gradient and by the burned gas composition and temperature. Production of molecular hydrogen from the original fuel and its transport to the reaction zone as well as heat transfer from the burned to the fresh gases are key factors in under- standing the influence of stratification on laminar flame speed. Combinations of different mixture strati- fication conditions can either enhance or reduce the flame velocity when compared with homogeneous mixtures. Mixture stratification is also responsible for higher flame resistance to extinction both on the lean and rich sides of the equivalence ratio. The importance of heat and mass transfer on the observed results implies that their extrapolation to high pressure and to turbulent systems must be made with care.","date":"2000","proceedingsTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","conferenceName":"","place":"","publisher":"","volume":"28","pages":"1925–1932","series":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"laminar flame speed"},{"tag":"methane"},{"tag":"stratified"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z"}}


key: 9WJXRMRW
data:
  {"key":"9WJXRMRW","version":502,"data":{"key":"9WJXRMRW","version":502,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Combustion Kinetics of Conventional and Alternative Jet Fuels using a Hybrid Chemistry (HyChem) Approach","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R","lastName":"Xu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"T","lastName":"Parise"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J K","lastName":"Shao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D J","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Movaghar"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"David Frank","lastName":"Davidson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ronald K.","lastName":"Hanson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hai","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C T","lastName":"Bowman"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fokion N.","lastName":"Egolfopoulos"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"10th U.S. National Combustion Meeting","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"10–15","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kun{\\_}Wang42/publication/316582611{\\_}Combustion{\\_}Kinetics{\\_}of{\\_}Conventional{\\_}and{\\_}Alternative{\\_}Jet{\\_}Fuels{\\_}using{\\_}a{\\_}Hybrid{\\_}Chemistry{\\_}HyChem{\\_}Approach/links/5904eedd4585152d2e945903/Combustion-Kinetics-of-Conventional-and-Alternative","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"hychem"},{"tag":"jet fuel combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z"}}


key: AKMSIXIC
data:
  {"key":"AKMSIXIC","version":502,"data":{"key":"AKMSIXIC","version":502,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental and numerical study of the pollution formation in a diesel / CNG dual fuel engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jie","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xin","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tao","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jibao","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hewu","lastName":"Wang"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"159","issue":"","pages":"418–429","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.07.003","ISSN":"0016-2361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.07.003","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z"}}


key: VJA3MFVV
data:
  {"key":"VJA3MFVV","version":502,"data":{"key":"VJA3MFVV","version":502,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"Multidimensional Simulation of PCCI Combustion Using Gasoline and Dual-Fuel Direct Injection with Detailed Chemical Kinetics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Daniele","lastName":"Tamagna"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Youngchul","lastName":"Ra"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"Homogeneous or partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion is considered to be an attractive alternative to traditional internal combustion engine operation because of its extremely low levels of pollutant emissions. However, since it is difficult to control the start of combustion timing, direct injection of fuel into the combustion chamber is often used for combustion phasing control, as well as charge preparation. In this paper, numerical simulations of compression ignition processes using gasoline fuel directly injected using a low pressure, hollow cone injector are presented. The multi-dimensional CFD code, KIVA3V, that incorporates various advanced sub-models and is coupled with CHEMKIN for modeling detailed chemistry, was used for the study. Simulation results of the spray behavior at various injection conditions were validated with available experimental data. Then predictions of gasoline HCCI operations using detailed chemical kinetics were compared with experimental measurements for various charge equivalence ratios and injection timings. The results show good agreement with the experimental data in terms of pressure, apparent heat release profile and emissions. Further, the numerical code was modified to be able to simulate the combustion of gasoline pre-mixtures with ignition by diesel fuel direct injection and simulation results of the dual-fuel combustion are presented.","date":"2007","proceedingsTitle":"SAE Technical Paper","conferenceName":"","place":"","publisher":"","volume":"2007-01-01","pages":"776–790","series":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2007-01-0190","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0190","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Issue: 724","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:57Z"}}


key: P7CCFCF8
data:
  {"key":"P7CCFCF8","version":502,"data":{"key":"P7CCFCF8","version":502,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effects of hydrogen addition on the propagation of spherical methane / air flames : A computational study","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zheng","lastName":"Chen"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"34","issue":"15","pages":"6558–6567","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.06.001","ISSN":"0360-3199","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.06.001","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z"}}


key: E8EVHTN8
data:
  {"key":"E8EVHTN8","version":502,"data":{"key":"E8EVHTN8","version":502,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Improved combustion submodels for modelling gasoline engines with the level set G equation and detailed chemical kinetics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S.","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R. D.","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering","volume":"223","issue":"5","pages":"703–726","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1243/09544070JAUTO1062","ISSN":"0954-4070","shortTitle":"","url":"http://pid.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1243/09544070JAUTO1062","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"combustion modelling"},{"tag":"detailed chemical kinetics"},{"tag":"flame"},{"tag":"g equation"},{"tag":"internal combustion engine"},{"tag":"propagation"},{"tag":"spark ignition"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z"}}


key: 5ZYAUEKA
data:
  {"key":"5ZYAUEKA","version":502,"data":{"key":"5ZYAUEKA","version":502,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Large Eddy simulation of a syngas jet flame: Effects of preferential diffusion and turbulence-chemistry interaction","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K.","lastName":"Fukumoto"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C. J.","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J. X.","lastName":"Wen"}],"abstractNote":"A large eddy simulation of the turbulent syngas non-premixed jet flame of Sandia ETH/Zurich B is conducted using an in-house version of FireFOAM, a fire simulation solver within OpenFOAM. Combustion is modeled using (i) the newly extended eddy dissipation concept for the large eddy simulation published by the authors' group, (ii) the 74-step CO-H2-O2 mechanism and (iii) the relatively simple tabulated chemistry approach. The effects of the nonunity Lewis number and thermal diffusion (=Soret diffusion) are considered in the mass fraction and enthalpy equations. Systematic validation and model sensitivity studies have been conducted against published experiments of the turbulent syngas diffusion flame from the international workshop on measurement & computation of turbulent flames (TNF workshop). The predictions were in very good agreement with the relevant experimental data. The axial position of peak H2O moved toward the nozzle direction owing to the different diffusion coefficients of H2. In the radial direction, the effect of thermal diffusion was observed at x/d \\textless 20, whereas those of the nonunity Lewis number and difference in chemistry were found at x/d \\textless 40. After considering the effects of the nonunity Lewis number and thermal diffusion, as well as the detailed reaction mechanisms, the results were slightly better than those obtained under previous numerical conditions.","publicationTitle":"Energy and Fuels","volume":"33","issue":"6","pages":"5561–5581","date":"2019","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b00130","ISSN":"15205029","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: American Chemical Society","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z"}}


key: VL5PMIP2
data:
  {"key":"VL5PMIP2","version":502,"data":{"key":"VL5PMIP2","version":502,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Carotid artery hemodynamics before and after stenting: A patient specific CFD study","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Michele","lastName":"Conti"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chris","lastName":"Long"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Michele","lastName":"Marconi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Raffaella","lastName":"Berchiolli"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yuri","lastName":"Bazilevs"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alessandro","lastName":"Reali"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"0","issue":"","pages":"1–13","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2016.04.006","ISSN":"00457930","shortTitle":"","url":"http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0045793016301001","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Carotid artery"},{"tag":"Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)"},{"tag":"cfd"},{"tag":"computational fluid dynamics"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z"}}


key: VVDR9KFF
data:
  {"key":"VVDR9KFF","version":502,"data":{"key":"VVDR9KFF","version":502,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Cell formation effects on the burning speeds and flame front area of synthetic gas at high pressures and temperatures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Omid","lastName":"Askari"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mimmo","lastName":"Elia"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matthew","lastName":"Ferrari"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hameed","lastName":"Metghalchi"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Applied Energy","volume":"189","issue":"","pages":"568–577","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.090","ISSN":"0306-2619","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.090","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"cellular burning speed"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z"}}


key: TQJY8ZPL
data:
  {"key":"TQJY8ZPL","version":502,"data":{"key":"TQJY8ZPL","version":502,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The Impact of Pressure on Methane Combustion with CO 2 dilution","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K R V","lastName":"Manikantachari"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Scott","lastName":"Martin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jose O","lastName":"Bobren-diaz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Subith","lastName":"Vasu"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"chemistry"},{"tag":"kinetics"},{"tag":"sco2"},{"tag":"supercritical combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z"}}


key: GFFJWLUA
data:
  {"key":"GFFJWLUA","version":502,"data":{"key":"GFFJWLUA","version":502,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Development of a Flame Propagation Model for Dual-Fuel Partially Premixed Compression Ignition Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S","lastName":"Singh"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L","lastName":"Liang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S-C","lastName":"Kong"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"The limitations of an existing characteristic-time combustion (CTC) model are explored and a new combustion model is developed and applied to simulate combustion in dual-fuel engines in which the premixed natural gas is ignited by the combustion flame initiated by a diesel spray. The model consists of a diesel auto-ignition model and a flame propagation model. A G-equation-based model previously developed to simulate SI engine combustion was incorporated with an auto-ignition model to simulate the flame propagation process in partially premixed environments. The computer code is based on the KIVA-3V code and consists of updated sub-models to simulate more accurately the fuel spray atomization, auto-ignition, combustion, and emissions processes. Modifications were made to implement the level set G-equation approach and to track the location of the flame as a function of the turbulent flame speed, flame curvature, flow velocity, and the movement of the computational mesh in the engine environment. Good agreement with engine experiments was obtained by using the present model.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Engine Research","volume":"7","issue":"1","pages":"65–75","date":"2006","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1243/146808705X7464","ISSN":"1468-0874","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z"}}


key: E2CEKEWS
data:
  {"key":"E2CEKEWS","version":501,"data":{"key":"E2CEKEWS","version":501,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Shock Tubes and Tunnels: Facilities, Instrumentation, and Techniques","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Micihio","lastName":"Nishida"}],"abstractNote":"[1] Nishida M. Shock Tubes and Tunnels: Facilities, Instrumentation, and Techniques. 2001.","publicationTitle":"","volume":"1","issue":"","pages":"553–585","date":"2001","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/B978-012086430-0/50015-4","ISSN":"978-0-12-086430-0","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9780120864300","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z"}}


key: HT9B36F4
data:
  {"key":"HT9B36F4","version":501,"data":{"key":"HT9B36F4","version":501,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effects of B20 Fuel and Catalyst Entrance Section Length on the Performance of UREA SCR in a Light-Duty Diesel Engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Po-I","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Amy","lastName":"Peterson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ming Chia","lastName":"Lai"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mark","lastName":"Casarella"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ming-cheng","lastName":"Wu"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper","volume":"132","issue":"November 2010","pages":"1–8","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1115/1.4001068","ISSN":"07424795","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z"}}


key: Z688TYB6
data:
  {"key":"Z688TYB6","version":501,"data":{"key":"Z688TYB6","version":501,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A combustion model for multi-component fuels using a physical surrogate group chemistry representation (PSGCR)","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Youngchul","lastName":"Ra"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D.","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"A combustion model to simulate the oxidation of multi-component fuels has been developed and applied to model autoignition combustion processes. The model is called the Physical Surrogate Group Chemistry Representation (PSGCR) method, which combines a multi-component fuel model to describe the physical properties of the fuel with reduced reaction mechanisms to represent the chemistry of the fuel components. A group of physical surrogate (PS) components are used to describe the fuel's physical properties, such as the distillation profile, specific gravity, lower heating value and hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) ratio. The oxidation processes of the fuel are modeled using skeletal reaction mechanisms for a group of chemical surrogate (CS) components that employ generic reactions as well as detailed reaction kinetics. The generic reactions were built to model unavailable reaction pathways from physical surrogates to the base CS components or their intermediate species. The model includes the 6 major chemical classes of typical hydrocarbon fuels, i.e., n-paraffins, iso-paraffins, olefins, naphthenes, aromatics and oxygenates, and 65 representative hydrocarbon components are included in a data base for the physical surrogate components and 43 chemical surrogate components are considered for the group chemistry representation. Six types of generic reaction sets are proposed to model the oxidation of 15 physical surrogate components that are called extended-CS (chemical surrogate) components. The present generic reactions are modeled such that the major characteristics of the oxidation process of the fuel components are included in a consistent manner. The final version of the PSGCR reaction mechanism consists of 264 species and 1292 reactions. Validation of the reaction mechanisms was performed by comparing predicted ignition delay times with experimental measurements and/or predictions from comprehensive mechanisms available in the literature. The model was also validated against HCCI experimental data of the FACE fuels. Then the model was applied to simulate practical diesel fuel (F76) spray combustion in a constant volume chamber, and the predicted ignition delay times of the surrogate model fuel were compared with measured values. The results show that the present PSGCR method captures the combustion characteristics of complex multi-component fuels, giving reliable performance for combustion predictions, as well as computational efficiency improvements for multi-dimensional CFD simulations through the use of reduced mechanisms.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"162","issue":"10","pages":"3456–3481","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.05.014","ISSN":"00102180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.05.014","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd.","tags":[{"tag":"Chemical surrogates"},{"tag":"Group chemistry"},{"tag":"Multi-component fuel"},{"tag":"Physical s"},{"tag":"Physical surrogates"},{"tag":"Reaction mechanism"},{"tag":"Relative reactivity"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z"}}


key: 2B3LTXGL
data:
  {"key":"2B3LTXGL","version":501,"data":{"key":"2B3LTXGL","version":501,"itemType":"thesis","title":"A Quantitative Investigation Of The Water Condensation Inside Tubes Of Compact Charge Air","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robin","lastName":"Cash"}],"abstractNote":"","thesisType":"PhD Thesis","university":"Michigan Tech. University","place":"","date":"2015","numPages":"","language":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/10","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:56Z"}}


key: 3BHTHA87
data:
  {"key":"3BHTHA87","version":501,"data":{"key":"3BHTHA87","version":501,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Modeling and Simulation of a Dual Fuel ( Diesel / Natural Gas ) Engine With Multidimensional CFD","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Youtong","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Song-charng","lastName":"Kong"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-0755","volume":"","issue":"724","pages":"1–14","date":"2003","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z"}}


key: IWD64JIE
data:
  {"key":"IWD64JIE","version":501,"data":{"key":"IWD64JIE","version":501,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Emission characteristics of high speed, dual fuel, compression ignition engine operating in a wide range of natural gas/diesel fuel proportions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R.G.","lastName":"Papagiannakis"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C.D.","lastName":"Rakopoulos"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D.T.","lastName":"Hountalas"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D.C.","lastName":"Rakopoulos"}],"abstractNote":"In the effort to reduce pollutant emissions from diesel engines various solutions have been proposed, one of which is the use of natural gas as supplement to liquid diesel fuel, with these engines referred to as fumigated, dual fuel, compression ignition engines. One of the main purposes of using natural gas in dual fuel (liquid and gaseous one) combustion systems is to reduce particulate emissions and nitrogen oxides. Natural gas is a clean burning fuel; it possesses a relatively high auto-ignition temperature, which is a serious advantage over other gaseous fuels since then the compression ratio of most conventional direct injection (DI) diesel engines can be maintained high. In the present work, an experimental investigation has been conducted to examine the effects of the total air–fuel ratio on the efficiency and pollutant emissions of a high speed, compression ignition engine located at the authors' laboratory, where liquid diesel fuel is partially substituted by natural gas in various proportions, with the natural gas fumigated into the intake air. The experimental results disclose the effect of these parameters on brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and soot emissions, with the beneficial effect of the presence of natural gas being revealed. Given that the experimental measurements cover a wide range of liquid diesel supplementary ratios without any appearance of knocking phenomena, the belief is strengthened that the findings of the present work can be very valuable if opted to apply this technology on existing DI diesel engines.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"89","issue":"7","pages":"1397–1406","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2009.11.001","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z"}}


key: 3EEANKBL
data:
  {"key":"3EEANKBL","version":501,"data":{"key":"3EEANKBL","version":501,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental and modeling study of the low-temperature oxidation of large alkanes","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Joffrey","lastName":"Biet"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohammed Hichem","lastName":"Hakka"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Val??rie","lastName":"Warth"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Pierre Alexandre","lastName":"Glaude"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fr??d??rique","lastName":"Battin-Leclerc"}],"abstractNote":"This paper presents an experimental and modeling study of the oxidation of large linear akanes (from C10) representative from diesel fuel from low to intermediate temperature (550-1100 K) including the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) zone. The experimental study has been performed in a jet-stirred reactor at atmospheric pressure for n-decane and a n-decane/n-hexadecane blend. Detailed kinetic mechanisms have been developed using computer-aided generation (EXGAS) with improved rules for writing reactions of primary products. These mechanisms have allowed a correct simulation of the experimental results obtained. Data from the literature for the oxidation of n-decane, in a jet-stirred reactor at 10 bar and in shock tubes, and of n-dodecane in a pressurized flow reactor have also been correctly modeled. A considerable improvement of the prediction of the formation of products is obtained compared to our previous models. Flow rates and sensitivity analyses have been performed in order to better understand the influence of reactions of primary products. A modeling comparison between linear alkanes for C8 to C16 in terms of ignition delay times and the formation of light products is also discussed.","publicationTitle":"Energy and Fuels","volume":"22","issue":"4","pages":"2258–2269","date":"2008","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1021/ef8000746","ISSN":"08870624","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0887-0624\n_eprint: 0809.1921","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z"}}


key: MKZTB4NH
data:
  {"key":"MKZTB4NH","version":501,"data":{"key":"MKZTB4NH","version":501,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Chain mechanisms in the overall reaction orders in laminar flame propagation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F.N.","lastName":"Egolfopoulos"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C.K.","lastName":"Law"}],"abstractNote":"The laminar flame speeds of methane-oxygen-nitrogen mixtures as functions of the flame temperature Tad and system pressure p have been experimentally determined by using the counterflow, twin-flame technique. These data are then compared with numerically-calculated values obtained by using an independently validated kinetic scheme. Results show that the overall reaction order n and activation energy Ea are far from being constants, that n decreases with increasing p and decreasing Tad whereas Ea increases with increasing p, and that n can actually assume negative values; the last result implies that the mass burning rate of some weakly burning flames may decrease with increasing pressure. By further identifying the crucial reaction steps through sensitivity analysis, the present results are interpreted on the basis of the influence of chain branching-termination mechanisms on the overall reaction rate.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"80","issue":"1","pages":"7–16","date":"1990-04","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/0010-2180(90)90049-W","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/001021809090049W?via{\\%}3Dihub","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z"}}


key: MUWZCDJU
data:
  {"key":"MUWZCDJU","version":501,"data":{"key":"MUWZCDJU","version":501,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"ECN Spray G external spray visualization and spray collapse description through penetration and morphology analysis","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Raul","lastName":"Payri"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Francisco Javier","lastName":"Salvador"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Pedro","lastName":"Martí-Aldaraví"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Daniel","lastName":"Vaquerizo"}],"abstractNote":"Inside a DISI engine, a wide range of pressure and temperature conditions are possible, and with the current evolution of the systems, many of the conditions are subject to be encountered at the moment of injection. Given the great differences between Diesel injectors and GDi fuel injectors, the effects of such conditions on the development of the fuel injected can cause phenomena like flash boiling and spray collapse that fundamentally change the behavior of sprays. In this work, the Spray G injector developed by Delphi for the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) group has been tested in a High Pressure High Temperature Constant Pressure Flow Rig (HPHT - CPFR) in a wide range of experimental conditions capturing the liquid and vapor phases of the spray by means of DBI and Schlieren imaging. The work presents the results obtained by spray visualization through comparisons of parametric variations with special focus on the collapse of the spray that occurs under high ambient temperature and density conditions. Spray collapse has been described by showing the direct increase that can cause in spray penetration and the great closing effect that can produce to the aperture of the spray (spray angle). Several contour comparisons using the raw images and the detected contours have been discussed in order to support and further explain the observed trends.","publicationTitle":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"112","issue":"","pages":"304–316","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.10.023","ISSN":"13594311","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.10.023","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"DBI"},{"tag":"DISI"},{"tag":"ECN"},{"tag":"GDi"},{"tag":"Gasoline direct injection"},{"tag":"Schlieren"},{"tag":"Spray G"},{"tag":"Spray angle"},{"tag":"Spray collapse"},{"tag":"Spray penetration"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z"}}


key: RYC7UY5G
data:
  {"key":"RYC7UY5G","version":501,"data":{"key":"RYC7UY5G","version":501,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Inference of H2O2 thermal decomposition rate parameters from experimental statistics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tiernan A","lastName":"Casey"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohammad","lastName":"Khalil"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Habib","lastName":"Najm"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"10th U.S. National Combustion Meeting","volume":"i","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"arrhenius parameters"},{"tag":"bayesian inference"},{"tag":"uncertainty quantification"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z"}}


key: Y7GZRVBQ
data:
  {"key":"Y7GZRVBQ","version":500,"data":{"key":"Y7GZRVBQ","version":500,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Knock in Dual-Fuel Diesel Combustion with an E85 Ethanol/Gasoline Blend by Multi-dimensional Simulation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C B","lastName":"Yin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Z D","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N L","lastName":"Xie"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Y D","lastName":"Sun"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"T","lastName":"Sun"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"17","issue":"4","pages":"591–604","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1007/s12239","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"detailed chemical kinetics"},{"tag":"dual-fuel"},{"tag":"ethanol"},{"tag":"knock"},{"tag":"simulation"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z"}}


key: 69S3V3ZA
data:
  {"key":"69S3V3ZA","version":500,"data":{"key":"69S3V3ZA","version":500,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Structure of laminar premixed flames of methane near the auto-ignition limit","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Peter","lastName":"Habisreuther"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Flavio Cesar Cunha","lastName":"Galeazzo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chockalingam","lastName":"Prathap"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nikolaos","lastName":"Zarzalis"}],"abstractNote":"Auto-ignition and flame propagation are the two different controlling mechanisms for stabilizing the flame in secondary stage combustion in hot vitiated air environment and at elevated pressure. The present work aims at the investigation of the flame stabilization mechanism of flames developing in such an environment. In order to better understand the structure of turbulent flames at inlet temperature well above the auto-ignition temperature, the behavior of laminar flames at those conditions needs to be analyzed. As an alternative to challenging and expensive measurements at high temperature and pressure, the behavior of laminar flames at such conditions can be predicted from theory using mathematical simulation. In the present work, the laminar burning velocities and flame structures of premixed stoichiometric methane/air mixtures for inlet temperatures from 300 to 1450. K and absolute pressures from 1 to 8. bar have been calculated using a freely propagating laminar, one dimensional, planar flame model. The prediction shows that at inlet temperatures below the auto-ignition temperature, the predicted laminar burning velocity which corresponds to the unburned mixture velocity in order to create a steady laminar flame decreases with increase in pressure. When the inlet temperature of the mixture goes well beyond the auto-ignition temperature of the mixture, however, the unburned mixture velocity increases steeply at higher pressure level, because of a complete transition of the flame structure. © 2013 The Combustion Institute.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"160","issue":"12","pages":"2770–2782","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.06.023","ISSN":"00102180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.06.023","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"Auto-ignition"},{"tag":"Freely propagating planar flames"},{"tag":"High temperature combustion"},{"tag":"Ignition delay time"},{"tag":"Laminar burning velocity"},{"tag":"Pressure dependency"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z"}}


key: 3KBT4KW3
data:
  {"key":"3KBT4KW3","version":500,"data":{"key":"3KBT4KW3","version":500,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"3D DNS of MILD combustion: A detailed analysis of heat loss effects, preferential diffusion, and flame formation mechanisms","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M. Ugur","lastName":"Göktolga"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jeroen A.","lastName":"Van Oijen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L. Philip H","lastName":"De Goey"}],"abstractNote":"Abstract Moderate or intense low oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion is a relatively new technology which combines low emissions with high efficiency. As the name suggests, it requires high degrees of dilution in addition to preheating of the reactants using the combustion products. It has been applied to industrial burners for some time, but the complex physical mechanisms are yet to be resolved to extend the application to other areas. In this study, our aim is to analyze MILD combustion conditions to reveal the mentioned physical phenomena and their interactions. To this end, direct numerical simulations (DNS) in the form of autoigniting mixing layers are conducted, and the results are thoroughly analyzed. Conditions used in the simulations are taken from the jet in hot coflow experiments, which are designed to mimic MILD conditions. Detailed chemistry and transport models are employed in the numerical tools to fully understand the interactions of turbulence, molecular diffusion and chemical reactions. In addition, temperature variations due to heat loss effects in the experiments are taken into account. We have found that the heat loss and preferential diffusion effects are crucial in predicting not only the ignition delay, but also the flame structures and heat release rates. In addition, it is found that the flame formation is initiated by autoignition with different ignition delays along the most reactive mixture fraction, instead of a flame propagation following an initial autoignition spot. The findings of this study will broaden the knowledge on MILD combustion, and provide useful insight in developing reduced turbulence and chemistry models in the future.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"159","issue":"","pages":"784–795","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.07.049","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Autoignition"},{"tag":"Direct numerical simulation (DNS)"},{"tag":"Jet in hot coflow (JHC)"},{"tag":"Moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD)"},{"tag":"Preferential diffusion"},{"tag":"Turbulent non-premixed combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z"}}


key: GDIYW5EX
data:
  {"key":"GDIYW5EX","version":500,"data":{"key":"GDIYW5EX","version":500,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effects of cavitation flow and stagnant bubbles on the initial temporal evolution of diesel spray","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yongqiang","lastName":"Gao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mingrui","lastName":"Wei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fuwu","lastName":"Yan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Longfei","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Guangze","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Liuyang","lastName":"Feng"}],"abstractNote":"This study focuses on the in-nozzle flow characteristics and the primary spray breakup of diesel at the near-nozzle region under atmospheric conditions. A long working distance microscope and a Canon EOS 700D CCD Camera were employed to study the cavitation flow in the nozzle and the spray structure at near-nozzle region via photographic technique with backlighting. Images were obtained with short exposure time and sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolutions which allowed a detailed observation of the early phase of fuel injection from the nozzle orifice to near nozzle region. The images revealed that the formation of a variety of complex two-phase flow regimes. Stagnant bubbles were present inside the nozzle at the start of injection. The stagnant bubbles may have originated from the last injection because they have not been evacuated from the nozzle or sucked into the nozzle orifice as the needle valve opened. During the opening and closing stages of the needle valve, the cavitation occurred in the valve seat area. Subsequently, free cavitation was observed at the inlet orifice followed by film cavitation, cloud cavitation and string cavitation in the orifice. A dimensionless number S derived from the images of transparent nozzles was adopted to evaluate the cavitation intensity, which increased monotonically with the increase of injection pressure. In addition, mushroom shaped spray head was also found at the nozzle exit. A close inspection revealed that the stagnant bubbles or the fuel trapped in the injector orifice at the end of injection had an appreciable impact on the near nozzle spray structures. The spray angle, penetration length and the spray area also increased for every 10 MPa rise by about 20%, 10% and 15% respectively.","publicationTitle":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"87","issue":"","pages":"69–79","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.04.029","ISSN":"08941777","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.04.029","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Cavitation"},{"tag":"Optical-injection nozzle tip design"},{"tag":"Spray structure"},{"tag":"Stagnant bubbles"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:55Z"}}


key: ZQMLZH8H
data:
  {"key":"ZQMLZH8H","version":500,"data":{"key":"ZQMLZH8H","version":500,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Direct numerical simulations of ignition of a lean n-heptane/air mixture with temperature inhomogeneities at constant volume: Parametric study","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chun Sang","lastName":"Yoo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tianfeng","lastName":"Lu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jacqueline H.","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chung K.","lastName":"Law"}],"abstractNote":"The effect of thermal stratification on the ignition of a lean homogeneous n-heptane/air mixture at constant volume and high pressure is investigated by direct numerical simulations (DNS) with a new 58-species reduced kinetic mechanism developed for very lean mixtures from the detailed LLNL mechanism (H.J. Curran et al., Combust. Flame 129 (2002) 253-280). Two-dimensional DNS are performed in a fixed volume with a two-dimensional isotropic velocity spectrum and temperature fluctuations superimposed on the initial scalar fields. The influence of variations in the initial temperature field, imposed by changing the mean and variance of temperature, and the ratio of turbulence to ignition delay timescale on multi-stage ignition of a lean n-heptane/air mixture is studied. In general, the mean heat release rate increases more slowly with increasing thermal stratification regardless of the mean initial temperature. Ignition delay decreases with increasing thermal stratification for high mean initial temperature relative to the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) regime. It is, however, increased with increasing thermal fluctuations for relatively low mean initial temperature resulting from a longer overall ignition delay of the mixture. Displacement speed and Damköhler number analyses reveal that the high degree of thermal stratification induces deflagration rather than spontaneous ignition at the reaction fronts, and hence, the mean heat release rate is smoother subsequent to thermal runaway occurring at the highest temperature regions in the domain. Chemical explosive mode analysis (CEMA) also verifies that mixing counterbalances chemical explosion at the reaction fronts for cases with large temperature fluctuation. It is also found that if the ratio of turbulence to ignition delay timescale is short, resultant diminished scalar fluctuations cause the overall ignition to occur by spontaneous ignition. However, the overall effect of turbulence is small compared to the effect of thermal stratification. These results suggest that the critical degree of thermal stratification for smooth operation of homogeneous charge compression-ignition (HCCI) engines depends on both the mean and fluctuations in initial temperature which should be considered in controlling ignition timing and preventing an overly rapid increase in pressure in HCCI combustion. © 2011 The Combustion Institute.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"158","issue":"9","pages":"1727–1741","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.01.025","ISSN":"00102180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.01.025","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0010-2180\nPublisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"Auto-ignition"},{"tag":"Chemical explosive mode analysis"},{"tag":"DNS"},{"tag":"HCCI"},{"tag":"N-Heptane reduced mechanism"},{"tag":"Thermal stratification"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z"}}


key: 6ZHRB3Q7
data:
  {"key":"6ZHRB3Q7","version":500,"data":{"key":"6ZHRB3Q7","version":500,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Large-eddy simulation of a jet-in-hot-coflow burner operating in the oxygen-diluted combustion regime","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matthias","lastName":"Ihme"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jian","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Guowei","lastName":"He"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bassam","lastName":"Dally"}],"abstractNote":"Three-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)-type turbulent combustion operated in moderate and intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD) condition has been carried out to study the flame structure and flame interaction. In order to achieve adequate EGR-type initial/inlet mixture fields, partially premixed mixture fields which are correlated with the turbulence are carefully preprocessed. The chemical kinetics is modelled using a skeletal mechanism for methane-air combustion. The results suggest that the flame fronts have thin flame structure and the direct link between the mean reaction rate and scalar dissipation rate remains valid in the EGR-type combustion with MILD condition. However, the commonly used canonical flamelet is not fully representative for MILD combustion. During the flame-flame interactions, the heat release rate increases higher than the maximum laminar flame value, while the gradient of progress variable becomes smaller than laminar value. It is also proposed that the reaction rate and the scalar gradient can be used as a marker for the flame interaction. ?? 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Flow, Turbulence and Combustion","volume":"89","issue":"3","pages":"449–464","date":"2012","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1007/s10494-012-9399-7","ISSN":"13866184","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 1386-6184","tags":[{"tag":"Flamelet modeling"},{"tag":"Large-eddy simulation"},{"tag":"Mild combustion"},{"tag":"Three-stream combustion"},{"tag":"Turbulent non-premixed flames"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z"}}


key: YMQLWEWX
data:
  {"key":"YMQLWEWX","version":500,"data":{"key":"YMQLWEWX","version":500,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Analysis of the flame thickness of turbulent flamelets in the thin reaction zones regime","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L. P H","lastName":"De Goey"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"T.","lastName":"Plessing"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R. T E","lastName":"Hermanns"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N.","lastName":"Peters"}],"abstractNote":"The thickness of the instantaneous flamelets in a turbulent flame brush on a weak-swirl burner burning in the thin reaction zones regime has been analysed experimentally, theoretically, and numerically. The experimental flame thickness has been measured correlating two simultaneous Rayleigh images and one OH-image from two closely spaced cross sections in the flame. It appears that the low temperature edge of the flame is thickened by turbulent eddies but that these structures cannot penetrate far enough into the flame front to distort the inner layer for the moderate Karlovitz numbers used. The flame front based on the temperature gradient at the inner layer becomes thinner for lean flames and thicker for rich methane-air flames. This has been explained theoretically and numerically by studying the influence of flame stretch and preferential diffusion on the flame thickness. It appears that the flame front thickness at the inner layer (and mass burning rate) is not influenced by turbulent mixing processes, and it seems that eddies of the size of the inner layer have to be used to change this picture. Experiments closer to the boundary of the broken reaction zones regime have to confirm this in the future.","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"30","issue":"1","pages":"859–865","date":"2005","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.016","ISSN":"15407489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.016","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[{"tag":"Flame thickness"},{"tag":"Laser-diagnostics"},{"tag":"Modelling"},{"tag":"Premixed turbulent combustion"},{"tag":"Thin reaction zones regime"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z"}}


key: XJKAFX3L
data:
  {"key":"XJKAFX3L","version":500,"data":{"key":"XJKAFX3L","version":500,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Cycle-to-Cycle Variations in Multi-Cycle Engine RANS Simulations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Riccardo","lastName":"Scarcelli"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Keith","lastName":"Richards"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Eric","lastName":"Pomraning"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P K","lastName":"Senecal"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Thomas","lastName":"Wallner"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"James","lastName":"Sevik"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0593.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z"}}


key: 36U8MPKQ
data:
  {"key":"36U8MPKQ","version":500,"data":{"key":"36U8MPKQ","version":500,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical investigation on the combustion and emission characteristics of a hydrogen assisted biodiesel combustion in a diesel engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H.","lastName":"An"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"W. M.","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Maghbouli"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J.","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S. K.","lastName":"Chou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K. J.","lastName":"Chua"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J. X.","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L.","lastName":"Li"}],"abstractNote":"The present study aims to bridge the gap on hydrogen assisted biodiesel combustion, and to investigate its impacts on the engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics. Simulations were conducted on a diesel engine fueled by biodiesel with supplementary hydrogen inductions of 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3% vol of H2 in air. A skeletal reaction mechanism was developed to include the reaction kinetics of biodiesel and hydrogen, with the CO, NO x and soot formation mechanisms embedded. The developed reaction mechanism was validated by performing the ignition delay calculations against the detailed biodiesel reaction mechanism, as well as the 3D numerical simulations against the experimental results. Good agreements in terms of ignition delay, cylinder pressure and heat release rate predictions were obtained. Key simulation results review that with the increase of hydrogen induction, a substantial increase in the peak cylinder pressure and heat release rate can be obtained under 50% and 100% load conditions, indicating an improved performance. But a reduced performance is observed at light load (10% loads) conditions due to the poor ignition and combustion processes. In terms of emissions, a general decreased trend is observed for both CO and soot emissions at all the engine speeds and loads, and a more remarkable reduction is found at 100% engine load conditions. Furthermore, due to the enhanced combustion, NOx emissions are increased slightly at 50% and 100% engine loads. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"120","issue":"","pages":"186–194","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2013.12.021","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361","tags":[{"tag":"Biodiesel"},{"tag":"Diesel engine"},{"tag":"Hydrogen induction"},{"tag":"Skeletal chemical reaction model"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z"}}


key: 8KVWSFIM
data:
  {"key":"8KVWSFIM","version":499,"data":{"key":"8KVWSFIM","version":499,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Laminar flame speeds and ignition delay times of methane-air mixtures at elevated temperatures and pressures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Erjiang","lastName":"Hu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaotian","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xin","lastName":"Meng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yizhen","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yu","lastName":"Cheng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yongliang","lastName":"Xie"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zuohua","lastName":"Huang"}],"abstractNote":"Measurements on laminar flame speeds and ignition delay times of methane/air mixtures at elevated pressures and temperatures were carried out in a constant volume bomb and shock tube. The performances of GRI Mech 3.0, USC Mech II, and Aramco Mech 1.3 mechanisms were also evaluated from the data obtained. Results showed that the measured laminar flame speeds from the constant volume bomb by the linear method are slightly higher than those from the counter flow flame at rich mixtures and lower at lean mixtures. At rich mixtures, the laminar flame speeds with linear method are higher than that with non-linear method. The available mechanisms give slight overprediction to the constant volume bomb data at lean mixtures, and large underprediction at rich mixtures at elevated temperatures and pressures. Overall reaction order decreases and then increases with the rising of pressure from 0.1 to 10.0 MPa because of the chain reaction mechanism. For the ignition delay times, the three mechanisms are in good accordance with the experimental data of lean and stoichiometric mixtures at atmospheric pressure, while the discrepancy between calculation and measurement is increased at elevated pressures. These mechanisms seem to lack good sensitivity to the rich mixtures, especially at elevated pressures. Correlations for laminar burning velocities and ignition delay time of methane-air mixtures are provided.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"158","issue":"","pages":"1–10","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.05.010","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.05.010","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Correlation"},{"tag":"Elevated pressures and temperatures"},{"tag":"Ignition delay time"},{"tag":"Laminar flame speed"},{"tag":"Reaction order"},{"tag":"Sensitivity analysis"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z"}}


key: 3UCVQED3
data:
  {"key":"3UCVQED3","version":499,"data":{"key":"3UCVQED3","version":499,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Fuel wall film effects on premixed flame propagation , quenching and emission","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Haiwen","lastName":"Ge"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Peng","lastName":"Zhao"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"May","pages":"1–7","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"emission"},{"tag":"laminar premixed flame"},{"tag":"liquid pool"},{"tag":"quenching distance"},{"tag":"wall film"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z"}}


key: 66VBVFSH
data:
  {"key":"66VBVFSH","version":499,"data":{"key":"66VBVFSH","version":499,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Turbulent Combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Technische","lastName":"Mechanik"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"1997","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z"}}


key: H4WSNX2I
data:
  {"key":"H4WSNX2I","version":499,"data":{"key":"H4WSNX2I","version":499,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Direct Numerical Simulations of premixed methane flame initiation by pilot n-heptane spray autoignition","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Elena","lastName":"Demosthenous"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Giulio","lastName":"Borghesi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Epaminondas","lastName":"Mastorakos"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robert","lastName":"Stewart"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"163","issue":"","pages":"122–137","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.09.013","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.09.013","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Autoignition"},{"tag":"Dual fuel combustion"},{"tag":"dual fuel combustion"},{"tag":"n-Heptane spray"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z"}}


key: MVEAXTA6
data:
  {"key":"MVEAXTA6","version":499,"data":{"key":"MVEAXTA6","version":499,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Integration of a Continuous Multi-Component Fuel Evaporation Model with an Improved G-Equation Combustion and Detailed Chemical Kinetics Model with Application to GDI Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shiyou","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"A continuous multi-component fuel evaporation model has been integrated with an improved G-equation combustion and detailed chemical kinetics model. The integrated code has been successfully used to simulate a gasoline direct injection engine. In the multi-component fuel model, the theory of continuous thermodynamics is used to model the properties and composition of multicomponent fuels such as gasoline. In the improved Gequation combustion model a flamelet approach based on the G-equation is used that considers multicomponent fuel effects. To precisely calculate the local and instantaneous residual which has a great effect on the laminar flame speed, a transport equation residual model is used. A Damkohler number criterion is used to determine the combustion mode in flame containing cells. To consider the change of local fuel vapor mixture composition, a PRF adaptive method is proposed that formulates a relationship between the fuel vapor mixture PRF number (or Octane number) and the fuel vapor mixture composition based on the mean molecular weight and variance of the fuel vapor mixture composition in each cell. The laminar flame speed has been updated to consider multi-component fuel effects, as a function of pressure, temperature, equivalence ratio, residual, and fuel vapor mixture PRF number. To model the chemistry process in the unburned region in front of the flame and in burned regions behind the flame, a recently developed PRF mechanism is used to describe the multi-component fuel mixture. Simulations of the vaporization of a single droplet with a single-component fuel (iso-octane) are compared with multi-component fuel cases. The vaporization of a spray of multi-component fuel injected into a chamber is simulated for both normal and flash-boiling conditions. The new PRF mechanism is validated against shock tube data. In addition, gasoline direct injection engine combustion is simulated at different manifold absolute pressures, different end-offuel injection timings, and different spark ignition timings. The simulated in-cylinder pressures and heat release rates are compared with experiment data and good agreements are found.","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper Series","volume":"","issue":"2009-01-0722","pages":"–01–0722","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2009-01-0722","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:54Z"}}


key: 8CRG2XHN
data:
  {"key":"8CRG2XHN","version":499,"data":{"key":"8CRG2XHN","version":499,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Investigation of the effect of nozzle inlet rounding on diesel spray formation and combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ozgur Oguz","lastName":"Taskiran"}],"abstractNote":"In this study, the effect of nozzle inlet rounding on diesel spray formation and combustion is investigated. In order to take into account nozzle geometry, two different nozzle geometries (sharp inlet and rounded inlet) were used in the experiments. Diesel spray injected into a constant volume combustion chamber was modeled by using KIVA3V R2 code. One dimensional nozzle flow model was used in numerical simulations. This model calculates nozzle discharge coefficient and updates the initial droplet radius and droplet velocities according to nozzle inlet geometry. Diesel fuel is represented by diesel oil surrogate mechanism which consists of 71 species and 323 reactions. The numerical spray results were validated with macroscopic spray characterization data obtained by constant volume experiments. Results showed that inlet rounding increases discharge coefficient. At high ambient pressure conditions, sharp and rounded nozzles have similar spray internal structure. However, it is observed that sharp inlet nozzle produces smaller droplets that shorten spray tip penetration and autoignition delay period due to low discharge coefficient. Comparing spray combustion of rounded and sharp inlet nozzles, it is showed that rounded inlet nozzle has lower combustion temperature, less NO and soot concentration than sharp inlet nozzle.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"217","issue":"December 2017","pages":"193–201","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.031","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.031","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel spray modeling"},{"tag":"Discharge coefficient"},{"tag":"KIVA"},{"tag":"Nozzle inlet rounding"},{"tag":"Spray ignition"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:53Z"}}


key: 5FL6DNBG
data:
  {"key":"5FL6DNBG","version":499,"data":{"key":"5FL6DNBG","version":499,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Edge flame structure in a turbulent lifted flame: A direct numerical simulation study","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shahram","lastName":"Karami"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Evatt R.","lastName":"Hawkes"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohsen","lastName":"Talei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jacqueline H.","lastName":"Chen"}],"abstractNote":"This paper presents a statistical analysis of edge flames in a turbulent lifted flame using direct numerical simulation (DNS). To investigate the dynamics of edge flames, a theoretical framework describing the edge-flame propagation velocity as a function of propagation velocities of mixture-fraction and product-mass fraction iso-surfaces at the flame base is used. The correlations between these propagation velocities and several other variables are then studied, including iso-surface curvatures, iso-surface orientations, strain rates, scalar dissipation rate and gradients of product mass fraction. The contribution of these parameters to the overall behaviour of the edge flame is also investigated using conditional averaging on two-dimensional spatial locations at the flame base. The analysis reveals that the tangential and normal strain rates in addition to the curvatures and scalar dissipation rates have significant contributions to the overall behaviour of the edge flame. The elliptical motion of the flame base described in our earlier study [1] is extended to provide a clearer picture of how these various parameters affect the large fluctuations of edge-flame velocity observed at the flame base.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"169","issue":"","pages":"110–128","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.03.006","ISSN":"00102180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001021801630013X","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9780646583730\nPublisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Curvature"},{"tag":"DNS"},{"tag":"Edge flame"},{"tag":"Lifted flame"},{"tag":"Scalar dissipation rate"},{"tag":"Strain rate"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:53Z"}}


key: GQIGHQ4Y
data:
  {"key":"GQIGHQ4Y","version":499,"data":{"key":"GQIGHQ4Y","version":499,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Simplified Formulations for Turbulent Combustion of Hydrogen Reacting Navier-Stokes Conservation Equations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Forman A","lastName":"Williams"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"La","lastName":"Jolla"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"General Basic","lastName":"Equations"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kolmogorov Turbulence","lastName":"Scaling"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chemical-kinetic","lastName":"Approximations"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Transport-property","lastName":"Approximations"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Simplified Conservation","lastName":"Equations"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Turbulent","lastName":"Hydrogen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Diffusion","lastName":"Flames"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–25","date":"","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:53Z"}}


key: ZLKYPTUQ
data:
  {"key":"ZLKYPTUQ","version":499,"data":{"key":"ZLKYPTUQ","version":499,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical simulation of single bubble condensation in subcooled flow using OpenFOAM","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Qingyun","lastName":"Zeng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jiejin","lastName":"Cai"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Huaqiang","lastName":"Yin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xingtuan","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tadashi","lastName":"Watanabe"}],"abstractNote":"Abstract The single condensing bubble behavior in subcooled flow has been numerical investigated using the open source code OpenFOAM. A coupled Level Set (LS) and Volume of Fluid (VOF) method (CLSVOF) model with a phase change model for condensation was developed and implemented in the code. The simulated results were firstly compared with the experimental results, they were in great agreements, and thus the simulation model was validated. The validated numerical model was then used to analyze the condensing bubble deformation, bubble lifetime, bubble size history, condensate Nusselt number and other interesting parameters with different variables in subcooled flow. The numerical results indicated that the initial bubble size, subcooling of liquid and system pressure play an important role to influence the condensing bubble behaviors significantly and bubble will be pierced when the subcooling and initial diameter reach a certain value at the later condensing stage. The bubble diameter history and condensate Nusselt number were found in good agreement with the empirical correlation. The drag force coefficient was predicted well by introducing a reduced drag coefficient.","publicationTitle":"Progress in Nuclear Energy","volume":"83","issue":"","pages":"336–346","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.pnucene.2015.04.011","ISSN":"01491970","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2015.04.011","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Bubble behavior"},{"tag":"CLSVOF method"},{"tag":"Condensation"},{"tag":"OpenFOAM"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:53Z"}}


key: F6WTIGY6
data:
  {"key":"F6WTIGY6","version":499,"data":{"key":"F6WTIGY6","version":499,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"One-dimensional model on liquid-phase fuel penetration in diesel sprays","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Min","lastName":"Xu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yi","lastName":"Cui"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kangyao","lastName":"Deng"}],"abstractNote":"This paper reports a theory investigation focusing on liquid penetration of diesel spray. A one-dimensional model on liquid length is developed for the prediction of liquid length, based on the momentum flux and fuel mass flux conservation along the sprays' axis, and energy conservation on the control volume. The heterogeneous distribution of velocity and fuel concentration over the cross-section of spray is taken into consideration. A Gaussian radial profile is assumed for the velocity and fuel volume fraction distribution, and a distribution factor (β) is introduced to describe the distribution profile of axial velocity and fuel volume fraction. The model derived in this research was validated by the measured data from Siebers' experiment over a wide ambient gas temperature and density. This comparison indicates that the velocity and fuel concentration profiles are critical and cannot be neglected in the derivation of liquid length. The distribution factor is confirmed from the best fit of the calculated liquid lengths to the measured data, and should be set as 1.8 for the best fit. The model is further validated by the measured data over a wide orifice pressure drop, orifice diameter, and fuel temperature range. Based on the validated model, liquid length of diesel spray under different gas composition is calculated, and effect of ambient gas composition on liquid length is discussed.","publicationTitle":"Journal of the Energy Institute","volume":"89","issue":"1","pages":"138–149","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.joei.2015.01.002","ISSN":"17460220","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2015.01.002","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel"},{"tag":"Liquid length"},{"tag":"One-dimensional model"},{"tag":"Velocity and fuel volume fraction distribution"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:53Z"}}


key: 243ICDQD
data:
  {"key":"243ICDQD","version":498,"data":{"key":"243ICDQD","version":498,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"An Analytical Model for Knock in Dual Fuel Engines of the Co mpression Ignition Type","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"G A","lastName":"Karim"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"1988","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:53Z"}}


key: D39MUQMG
data:
  {"key":"D39MUQMG","version":498,"data":{"key":"D39MUQMG","version":498,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Investigation of two-stage split-injection strategies for a Dieseline fuelled PPCI engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Soheil Zeraati","lastName":"Rezaei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fan","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hongming","lastName":"Xu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Akbar","lastName":"Ghafourian"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jose Martin","lastName":"Herreros"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shijin","lastName":"Shuai"}],"abstractNote":"Two-stage split-injection strategies for partially premixed compression ignition (PPCI) combustion mode were investigated in a light duty 2.2 L four cylinder compression ignition engine fuelled with G50-Dieseline (50% ULG95 gasoline in EN590 diesel by volume). The investigation of two-stage split-injection has been focused on injection quantity-ratios and timings and it aims to achieve improved charge premixing and consequently reduce the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions simultaneously. Other parameters affecting combustion process (e.g. compression ratio) were fixed to identify the individual effects of parameters under study on the combustion and emission characteristics by the Taguchi-DOE (design of experiment) analysis. The investigation was conducted for two load groups of 1.37 and 2.97 bar BMEP selected from the new European driving cycle (NEDC) at an engine speed of 1800 RPM. Optimum operating values of injection parameters for generating the minimum and maximum combustion and emission characteristics were identified. Furthermore, very early first injection-timings were investigated for 2.97 bar BMEP with the combustion phase of 50% accumulative heat release (AHR-50) fixed. Compared with the single-injection strategy, BSNOxwas reduced by approximately 39% to 59% through applying the two-stage split-injection. Accumulation particulate concentration as well as smoke number were reduced by approximately 90%. It is believed that with very early first-injection timings, fuel wall-impingement and over mixing may have resulted in lower combustion efficiency and thus BMEP drop. Consequently, the premixing process can reach a limit where the effect of required higher injected fuel quantity dominates combustion and emission characteristics. The two-stage split-injection developed in this study appears to be effective in improving the premixing process for PPCI combustion. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"107","issue":"x","pages":"299–308","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2012.11.048","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.11.048","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361","tags":[{"tag":"Dieseline"},{"tag":"Optimisation"},{"tag":"PPCI"},{"tag":"Split-injection"},{"tag":"Taguchi-DOE"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:53Z"}}


key: WN2F49ZC
data:
  {"key":"WN2F49ZC","version":498,"data":{"key":"WN2F49ZC","version":498,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Multicomponent-liquid-fuel vaporization with complex configuration","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"William A.","lastName":"Sirignano"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Guang","lastName":"Wu"}],"abstractNote":"An analysis is presented for multicomponent-liquid-fuel vaporization in a general geometrical situation, e.g., a dense spray. Variable transport properties and only Stefan flow are considered. The problem is separated, using a mass-flux potential function, into a one-dimensional problem for the quasi-steady, gas-phase scalar properties and a three-dimensional problem for the mass-flux potential. The theory predicts scalar gas-phase profiles and vaporization rates for any value of the Lewis number. Transient heat- and mass-diffusion in the liquid interiors is considered with special attention given to the fast- and slow-diffusion limits. Eight droplets in a cubic array are considered in the calculations with a blended liquid mixture of heptane, octane, and decane. Comparisons are made amongst the results for the various liquid-diffusion models: transient behavior, the fast-vaporization limit, and the slow-vaporization limit. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"51","issue":"19-20","pages":"4759–4774","date":"2008","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.02.018","ISSN":"00179310","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9781605609881","tags":[{"tag":"Droplet arrays"},{"tag":"Multicomponent"},{"tag":"Transient vaporization/heating"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:53Z"}}


key: UQKTMD2E
data:
  {"key":"UQKTMD2E","version":498,"data":{"key":"UQKTMD2E","version":498,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Analytical modeling of water condensation in condensing heat exchanger","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kwangkook","lastName":"Jeong"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Michael J","lastName":"Kessen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Harun","lastName":"Bilirgen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Edward K","lastName":"Levy"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"53","issue":"11-12","pages":"2361–2368","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.02.004","ISSN":"0017-9310","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.02.004","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"analytical condensation modeling"},{"tag":"boundary value problem"},{"tag":"condensing heat exchanger design"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:52Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:52Z"}}


key: 8832T4JU
data:
  {"key":"8832T4JU","version":498,"data":{"key":"8832T4JU","version":498,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A new jet-stirred reactor for chemical kinetics experiments","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.A.","lastName":"Davani"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P.D.","lastName":"Ronney"}],"abstractNote":"A novel jet-stirred reactor (JSR) is proposed to study combustion processes at low Damköhler number (Da, ratio of residence time within the reactor to the time scale of the chemical reaction) for the purpose of measuring rates of chemical reactions relevant to combustion processes. The goal of this work is to identify an optimal configuration of multiple sets of impinging jets and outlet ports for JSRs. With this motivation, ANSYS-FLUENT computational fluid dynamics computations using the RANS - Reynolds Stress Model were performed to simulate mixing and reaction in such geometries. The performance of the new JSRs was compared to the classical JSR introduced by Matras and Villermaux (1973) and Dagaut et al. (1986), which we have termed \"4 Jets In Plus (+) Pattern\" (4JIPP). Initial computations were conducted using a simple one-step reaction of the form A + B -→ C + D with zero heat release and zero activation energy. Results showed that a configuration of 8 jets, each surrounded by a concentric annular outlet, termed the Concentric Inlet And Outlet (CIAO) design, at the corners of an imaginary cube circumscribed by a spherical chamber provided far more uniform composition and temperature and thereby more nearly match the idealizations assumed in Perfectly-Stirred Reactor (PSR) theory, even at values of Da higher than those accessible to other JSRs. Moreover, the CIAO design yielded inferred reaction rate constants that were much closer to the ideal values (i.e., PSR predictions) than the classical 4JIPP design. Subsequent simulations were performed in CIAO and 4JIPP reactors using detailed H2-O2 chemistry. Results were compared with PSR model predictions. Again it was found that CIAO more nearly matches PSR predictions than does the 4JIPP reactor. Moreover, in the 4JIPP reactor the predicted compositions were quite different between local and volume-averaged values whereas in CIAO the composition was much more uniform over the chamber volume. To assess the viability of the CIAO design experimentally, a 3D printed chamber was built and tested in cold-flow mixing experiments using fluorescein + water solutions and Laser Induced Fluorescence imaging to quantify the mixing levels. Consistent with the computational predictions, the initial experimental results indicate much more uniform mixing than 4JIPP type chambers.","publicationTitle":"2017 Fall Technical Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, WSSCI 2017","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"chemical kinetics"},{"tag":"jet-stirred reactor"},{"tag":"rans"},{"tag":"reaction rate"},{"tag":"well-stirred reactor"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:52Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:52Z"}}


key: INRP9NJE
data:
  {"key":"INRP9NJE","version":498,"data":{"key":"INRP9NJE","version":498,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Optical study of spray-wall impingement impact on early-injection gasoline partially premixed combustion at low engine load","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Qinglong","lastName":"Tang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Haifeng","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mingkun","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mingfa","lastName":"Yao"}],"abstractNote":"Spray-wall impingement caused by early fuel injection for gasoline partially premixed combustion (PPC) can lead to low combustion efficiency and a significant rise of UHC emissions. But the influence of spray-wall impingement on the in-cylinder combustion process is not well understood. In this study, multiple optical diagnostics were applied to investigate the ignition, flame development and UHC formation of gasoline PPC with early single fuel-injection in a light-duty optical engine under low engine load. Natural combustion luminosity images and emission spectra were obtained. Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of the fuel-tracer and formaldehyde were used to explore the fuel/air mixing and UHC formation in PPC, respectively. The results indicated that there was a fuel-injection time window (about −30° to −60° ATDC in the present study), during which the spray-impingement led to a decrease in combustion efficiency. The fuel-trapping effect in the squish region and piston crevice was shown to be the main reason because it prevented the fuel/air mixture from entering the combustion chamber. Two typical fuel injection timings of −35° (PPC-35) and −60° (PPC-60) were chosen for further study. For both cases, ignition sites first emerged in the fuel-rich regions and then the flames developed to the fuel-lean regions. The formaldehyde PLIF images revealed distinct flame front in the flame development process. For the PPC-35 case, residual formaldehyde persisted in the fuel-lean regions late during the power stroke and might become a source of UHC emissions. When misfire happened, the combustion chamber was filled with formaldehyde. For the PPC-60 case, the flame development was composed of initial flame front propagation and following sequential auto-ignition, and the flame expansion speed of the initial flame front propagation was much higher than that in SI (spark ignition) or SACI (spark assisted compression ignition) combustion. When the injection timing was further advanced (earlier than −60°), the impact of spray-wall impingement on PPC was reduced because of more time being available for fuel premixing.","publicationTitle":"Applied Energy","volume":"185","issue":"","pages":"708–719","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.10.108","ISSN":"03062619","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.10.108","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0306-2619\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Formaldehyde"},{"tag":"Optical diagnostics"},{"tag":"PLIF"},{"tag":"PPC"},{"tag":"Spray-wall impingement"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:52Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:52Z"}}


key: GCM58G9Y
data:
  {"key":"GCM58G9Y","version":498,"data":{"key":"GCM58G9Y","version":498,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A quasi-discrete model for heating and evaporation of complex multicomponent hydrocarbon fuel droplets","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S. S.","lastName":"Sazhin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A. E.","lastName":"Elwardany"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"E. M.","lastName":"Sazhina"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M. R.","lastName":"Heikal"}],"abstractNote":"A quasi-discrete model for heating and evaporation of complex multicomponent hydrocarbon fuel droplets is suggested and tested in Diesel engine-like conditions. The model is based on the assumption that properties of components are weak functions of the number of carbon atoms in the components (n). The components with relatively close n are replaced by the quasi-components with properties calculated as average properties of the a priori defined groups of actual components. Thus the analysis of heating and evaporation of droplets consisting of many components is replaced by the analysis of heating and evaporation of droplets consisting of relatively few quasi-components. In contrast to previously suggested approaches to modelling the heating and evaporation of droplets consisting of many components, the effects of temperature gradient and quasi-component diffusion inside droplets are taken into account. The model is applied to Diesel fuel droplets, approximated as a mixture of 21 components CnH2n+2 for 5 ??? n ??? 25, which correspond to a maximum of 20 quasi-components with average properties for n = nj and n = nj+1, where j varies from 5 to 24. It is pointed out that droplet surface temperatures and radii, predicted by a rigorous model taking into account the effect of all 20 quasi-components, are very close to those predicted by the model, using just five quasi-components. Errors due to the assumptions that the droplet thermal conductivity and species diffusivities are infinitely large cannot be ignored in the general case. ?? 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"54","issue":"19-20","pages":"4325–4332","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.05.012","ISSN":"00179310","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.05.012","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 00179310\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel fuels"},{"tag":"Evaporation"},{"tag":"Heating"},{"tag":"Modelling"},{"tag":"Multicomponent droplets"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:52Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:52Z"}}


key: BLVPNRZ8
data:
  {"key":"BLVPNRZ8","version":498,"data":{"key":"BLVPNRZ8","version":498,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Theoretical and numerical analysis of oscillating diffusion flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Milan","lastName":"Miklav??i??"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Indrek S.","lastName":"Wichman"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Milan","lastName":"Miklavčič"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Indrek S.","lastName":"Wichman"}],"abstractNote":"A novel method is presented for solving the forced transient diffusion flame in the exit region of a coflow burner. Streamwise diffusion is eliminated, which produces the Burke–Schumann model. A mathematical transformation renders the transient, forced convection problem equivalent to a steady-state convection problem. The transformation differs from previous approaches because its use does not require a priori restriction to small perturbations. For this reason, flow fluctuations that are large fractions of the initial flow field may be described exactly and features of nonlinear response can be examined without recourse to detailed numerical simulation. The method is applied to study flame evolution and oscillation for two physically separated coflow slot burner flames as they merge.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"173","issue":"","pages":"1339–1351","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.08.023","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0010-2180","tags":[{"tag":"Burke???Schumann model"},{"tag":"Burke–Schumann model"},{"tag":"Coflow slot burners"},{"tag":"Diffusion flames"},{"tag":"Infinite-rate chemistry"},{"tag":"Oscillations"},{"tag":"Theoretical analysis"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:52Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:52Z"}}


key: RQVBY8AC
data:
  {"key":"RQVBY8AC","version":498,"data":{"key":"RQVBY8AC","version":498,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Differences between single and double-pass schlieren imaging on diesel vapor spray characteristics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Raul","lastName":"Payri"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F. J.","lastName":"Salvador"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gabriela","lastName":"Bracho"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alberto","lastName":"Viera"}],"abstractNote":"The use of schlieren imaging at high acquisition rate has been adopted as a standard optical technique for the analysis of vaporizing diesel sprays under engine-like conditions. A single-pass schlieren arrangement is typically used for the study of axially drilled single-orifice nozzles, as vessels with multiple optical accesses regularly allow line of sight visualization. Contrarily, for multi-spray nozzles, measurements are commonly performed through a single optical access, in which case a double-pass arrangement is employed. As a consequence, the light beams pass through the test section twice, increasing the optical sensitivity of the schlieren setup. However, the influence this has on the macroscopic spray characteristics is still unclear. The scope of this study is to analyze the differences in vapor phase penetration and spreading angle measured for the same injection event, through high-speed imaging, for both single and double-pass schlieren configurations. Experiments were carried out with a three hole nozzle with a nominal orifice diameter of 90 μm, named Spray B from the Engine Combustion Network, using commercially available diesel fuel and in non-reactive conditions. The impact of different injection pressures, chamber temperatures and densities on the spray captured by each setup was assessed. On the results, vapor phase penetration and spreading angle followed the expected trend found in the literature, for the different boundary conditions tested. Comparing the optical setups, vapor phase penetration and spreading angle results obtained with the double-pass arrangement were marginally higher than those from the single-pass. The deviation was observed throughout all tested conditions. For spray tip penetration, although the discrepancy was approximately constant for different injection pressures and chamber temperature, it increased with increasing density. These results highlight the importance of a proper understanding regarding the limitations of optical diagnostics, in particular for results used in calibration of computational models.","publicationTitle":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"125","issue":"","pages":"220–231","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.06.140","ISSN":"13594311","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.06.140","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 1359-4311\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel injection"},{"tag":"Schlieren"},{"tag":"Spreading angle"},{"tag":"Vapor phase penetration"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:52Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:52Z"}}


key: YTWSVT3L
data:
  {"key":"YTWSVT3L","version":498,"data":{"key":"YTWSVT3L","version":498,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Performance and combustion characteristic of CI engine fueled with hydrogen enriched diesel","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Osama H","lastName":"Ghazal"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"38","issue":"35","pages":"15469–15476","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.09.037","ISSN":"0360-3199","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.09.037","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:52Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:52Z"}}


key: HSEE3BVJ
data:
  {"key":"HSEE3BVJ","version":497,"data":{"key":"HSEE3BVJ","version":497,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Investigation of the effect of nozzle inlet rounding on diesel spray formation and combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ozgur Oguz","lastName":"Taskiran"}],"abstractNote":"In this study, the effect of nozzle inlet rounding on diesel spray formation and combustion is investigated. In order to take into account nozzle geometry, two different nozzle geometries (sharp inlet and rounded inlet) were used in the experiments. Diesel spray injected into a constant volume combustion chamber was modeled by using KIVA3V R2 code. One dimensional nozzle flow model was used in numerical simulations. This model calculates nozzle discharge coefficient and updates the initial droplet radius and droplet velocities according to nozzle inlet geometry. Diesel fuel is represented by diesel oil surrogate mechanism which consists of 71 species and 323 reactions. The numerical spray results were validated with macroscopic spray characterization data obtained by constant volume experiments. Results showed that inlet rounding increases discharge coefficient. At high ambient pressure conditions, sharp and rounded nozzles have similar spray internal structure. However, it is observed that sharp inlet nozzle produces smaller droplets that shorten spray tip penetration and autoignition delay period due to low discharge coefficient. Comparing spray combustion of rounded and sharp inlet nozzles, it is showed that rounded inlet nozzle has lower combustion temperature, less NO and soot concentration than sharp inlet nozzle.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"217","issue":"October 2017","pages":"193–201","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.031","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.031","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel spray modeling"},{"tag":"Discharge coefficient"},{"tag":"KIVA"},{"tag":"Nozzle inlet rounding"},{"tag":"Spray ignition"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:52Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:52Z"}}


key: B844DNFA
data:
  {"key":"B844DNFA","version":497,"data":{"key":"B844DNFA","version":497,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effects of Real-Fluid Thermodynamics on High-Pressure Fuel Injection Processes","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Joseph","lastName":"Oefelein"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Guilhem","lastName":"Lacaze"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rainer","lastName":"Dahms"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Anthony","lastName":"Ruiz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Antony","lastName":"Misdariis"}],"abstractNote":"This paper first summarizes a new theoretical description that quantifies the effects of real-fluid thermodynamics on liquid fuel injection processes as a function of pressure at typical engine operating conditions. It then focuses on the implications this has on modeling such flows with emphasis on application of the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique. The theory explains and quantifies the major differences that occur in the jet dynamics compared to that described by classical spray theory in a manner consistent with experimental observations. In particular, the classical view of spray atomization as an appropriate model at some engine operating conditions is questionable. Instead, non-ideal real-fluid behavior must be taken into account using a multicomponent formulation that applies to hydrocarbon mixtures at high-pressure supercritical conditions. To highlight the implications and needs related to modeling, we present a series of studies using LES that focus on experiments being conducted in the high-pressure combustion vessel at Sandia National Laboratories. We extend LES studies performed previously to the Engine Combustion Network (www.sandia.gov/ECN) Spray-H and Spray-A injectors using n-heptane and n-dodecane as the respective fuels. The accompanying analysis reveals the structural characteristics associated with the inherent scalar mixing processes at conditions directly relevant to advanced Diesel engines. © 2014 SAE International.","publicationTitle":"SAE Int. J. Engines","volume":"7","issue":"3","pages":"1125–1136","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2014-01-1429","ISSN":"19463944","shortTitle":"","url":"http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2014-01-1429","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:52Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:52Z"}}


key: S956S729
data:
  {"key":"S956S729","version":497,"data":{"key":"S956S729","version":497,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical and experimental investigation of early stage diesel sprays","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M.","lastName":"Ghiji"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L.","lastName":"Goldsworthy"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P. A.","lastName":"Brandner"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"V.","lastName":"Garaniya"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P.","lastName":"Hield"}],"abstractNote":"Experimental and numerical investigations of primary atomization in a high-pressure diesel jet are presented. Information on flow processes and structures inside and near nozzle exit are described at early and quasi-steady stages of injection. The numerical method is based on the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) phase-fraction interface capturing technique, in an Eulerian framework. The influence of grid resolution, convection interpolation scheme and temporal integration scheme on the modeling of jet physics are investigated. The present flow setup includes in-nozzle disturbances with the no-slip condition at the walls. All experimental operating conditions are replicated in the numerical models. The early stage liquid jet leading edge demonstrates an umbrella-shaped structure in the numerical results which is in qualitative agreement with experimental imaging. Data obtained provide insight into the flow behavior in the dense region including commencement of fragmentation and early spray angle formation. Experimental images show a cloud of air-fuel mixture at the early stage of injection. The existence of ingested air inside the injector after needle closure could be the source of the observed deviation between experimental and numerical results. The results show that the jet breakup rate and liquid core length increase in cases with higher grid resolutions. The early spray angle from the numerical results at the quasi-steady stage, shows good agreement with experimental data.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"175","issue":"","pages":"274–286","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.040","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.040","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Eulerian/VOF"},{"tag":"High-pressure diesel spray"},{"tag":"In-nozzle turbulence"},{"tag":"Large eddy simulation"},{"tag":"Near-nozzle flow"},{"tag":"Primary atomization"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z"}}


key: I4G5LGAM
data:
  {"key":"I4G5LGAM","version":497,"data":{"key":"I4G5LGAM","version":497,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"CFD analysis of pulsatile blood flow in an atherosclerotic human artery with eccentric plaques","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Giulio","lastName":"Lorenzini"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Erminio","lastName":"Casalena"}],"abstractNote":"Atherosclerosis is a slow vascular degeneration. It thickens the internal walls of a blood vessel locally depositing an atherosclerotic plaque. Such reduced lumen increases the resistance to blood flow. Plaques can be punctual (eccentric, here considered) or circumferential (symmetrical). Stenoses do not have a typical shape: we hypothesised here a reference geometry (trapezium) with its possible evolutions (semi-ellipse, triangle). Two criteria (Equivalent Area and Equivalent Dimensions) were then defined to compare the results among the 35 case studies numerically analysed with a Computational Fluid Dynamics code (Comsol Multiphysics 3.3). Blood was considered a Cassonian fluid with modified viscosity equation. The artery was cylindrical, rigid and straight, interested by a pulsatile blood flow. Among the variables: shape and dimensions of the stenoses; number of stenoses (single or coupled pathologies); mutual locations (3 possibilities). The main results were that the length of the consequent flow disturbance is due to the stenotic shape and height; blood flow recirculation, downstream of the pathology, is due to the slope of the stenotic walls; and the peak velocities depend on the shape and height of stenosis. The differences from case to case diminish in diastole. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Journal of Biomechanics","volume":"41","issue":"9","pages":"1862–1870","date":"2008","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.04.009","ISSN":"00219290","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0021-9290 (Print)$\\backslash$r0021-9290 (Linking)\nPMID: 18533161","tags":[{"tag":"Bio-fluid dynamics"},{"tag":"Blood flow"},{"tag":"Computational fluid dynamics"},{"tag":"Numerical simulations"},{"tag":"Stenoses"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z"}}


key: 2EK3DLBL
data:
  {"key":"2EK3DLBL","version":497,"data":{"key":"2EK3DLBL","version":497,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Determination of burning velocities from spherically expanding H2/air flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Emilien","lastName":"Varea"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Joachim","lastName":"Beeckmann"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Heinz","lastName":"Pitsch"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zheng","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bruno","lastName":"Renou"}],"abstractNote":"Laminar burning velocities of hydrogen/air mixtures can show discrepancies up to 30%, making chemical mechanism validation and improvement difficult. The source of uncertainties may come from different factors influencing at each processing and post-processing steps the final value. Considering a spherically expanding flame configuration, reflection on the accuracy of the formulations, used to derive the desired quantity, is proposed. Starting from the exact definition of the laminar burning velocity, two formulations - direct and indirect flame speeds formulations - are derived for spherical flames. Each single source of uncertainty involved in the formulations is pointed out. The emphasis is focused on a specific mixture at an equivalence ratio of 0.50, atmospheric pressure, and an initial temperature of 300 K. This point represents the best tradeoff between low ratio of flame velocity and recording sampling rate and the occurrence of cellular flames (Le \\textless 1). An extensive experimental and numerical study (1D spherically expanding flames) of this mixture is carried out. As a result, the experimental laminar burning velocities determined by using the direct flame speed or the indirect flame speed formulae depict different values. However, when numerically determined, both formulae yield the same value. This paves the way to understand and identify the experimental error sources. Stretch and Lewis numbers effects (super-adiabatic temperatures) as well as radiation processes (burned gas motion) are studied. Nonetheless, they do not show to be the main source of uncertainty. The extrapolation procedure (linear or non-linear) according to the limited number of experimental points (rapid apparition of cellular structure) appears as the main factor influencing the discrepancy in laminar burning velocities.","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"35","issue":"1","pages":"711–719","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.137","ISSN":"15407489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.137","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 15407489\nPublisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[{"tag":"Consumption speed"},{"tag":"Flame speed"},{"tag":"Laminar burning velocity"},{"tag":"Spherically expanding flames"},{"tag":"Stretch effects"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z"}}


key: KEPUE34K
data:
  {"key":"KEPUE34K","version":497,"data":{"key":"KEPUE34K","version":497,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental study on stoichiometric laminar flame velocities and Markstein lengths of methane and PRF95 dual fuels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sotiris","lastName":"Petrakides"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rui","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Dongzhi","lastName":"Gao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Haiqiao","lastName":"Wei"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"182","issue":"","pages":"721–731","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.06.047","ISSN":"0016-2361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.06.047","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z"}}


key: QHPZ8ZNC
data:
  {"key":"QHPZ8ZNC","version":497,"data":{"key":"QHPZ8ZNC","version":497,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Multicomponent Fuel Consideration for Spray Evaporation Field and Spray-Wall Interaction","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jiro","lastName":"Senda"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hajime","lastName":"Fujimoto"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper Series","volume":"","issue":"2001-01-1071","pages":"","date":"2001","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2001-01-1071","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z"}}


key: NESGJYVE
data:
  {"key":"NESGJYVE","version":497,"data":{"key":"NESGJYVE","version":497,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"An equivalent dissipation rate model for capturing history effects in non-premixed flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Prithwish","lastName":"Kundu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tarek","lastName":"Echekki"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yuanjiang","lastName":"Pei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sibendu","lastName":"Som"}],"abstractNote":"The effects of strain rate history on turbulent flames have been studied in the past decades with 1D counter flow diffusion flame (CFDF) configurations subjected to oscillating strain rates. In this work, these unsteady effects are studied for complex hydrocarbon fuel surrogates at engine relevant conditions with unsteady strain rates experienced by flamelets in a typical spray flame. Tabulated combustion models are based on a steady scalar dissipation rate (SDR) assumption and hence cannot capture these unsteady strain effects; even though they can capture the unsteady chemistry. In this work, 1D CFDF with varying strain rates are simulated using two different modeling approaches: steady SDR assumption and unsteady flamelet model. Comparative studies show that the history effects due to unsteady SDR are directly proportional to the temporal gradient of the SDR. A new equivalent SDR model based on the history of a flamelet is proposed. An averaging procedure is constructed such that the most recent histories are given higher weights. This equivalent SDR is then used with the steady SDR assumption in 1D flamelets. Results show a good agreement between tabulated flamelet solution and the unsteady flamelet results. This equivalent SDR concept is further implemented and compared against 3D spray flames (Engine Combustion Network Spray A). Tabulated models based on steady SDR assumption under-predict autoignition and flame lift-off when compared with an unsteady Representative Interactive Flamelet (RIF) model. However, equivalent SDR model coupled with the tabulated model predicted autoignition and flame lift-off very close to those reported by the RIF model. This model is further validated for a range of injection pressures for Spray A flames. The new modeling framework now enables tabulated models with significantly lower computational cost to account for unsteady history effects.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"176","issue":"","pages":"202–212","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.10.001","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Engine combustion network"},{"tag":"Flamelet history"},{"tag":"Tabulation"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z"}}


key: AS69RMTX
data:
  {"key":"AS69RMTX","version":497,"data":{"key":"AS69RMTX","version":497,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical Simulations of Turbulent Sprays with a Multicomponent Evaporation Model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shalabh","lastName":"Srivastava"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Harold","lastName":"Schock"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Farhad","lastName":"Jaberi"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2013-01-1603","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z"}}


key: 6NNCK7BV
data:
  {"key":"6NNCK7BV","version":496,"data":{"key":"6NNCK7BV","version":496,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Ignition delay characteristics of methane fuels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L J","lastName":"Spadaccini"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M B","lastName":"Colket"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"20","issue":"5","pages":"431–460","date":"1994","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1285(94)90011-6","ISSN":"0360-1285","shortTitle":"","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0360128594900116","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z"}}


key: A7LBU673
data:
  {"key":"A7LBU673","version":496,"data":{"key":"A7LBU673","version":496,"itemType":"book","title":"An introduction to combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sr","lastName":"Turns"}],"abstractNote":"","series":"","seriesNumber":"","volume":"","numberOfVolumes":"","edition":"","place":"","publisher":"","date":"1996","numPages":"","language":"","ISBN":"0-07-230096-5","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z"}}


key: YQEQW4SX
data:
  {"key":"YQEQW4SX","version":496,"data":{"key":"YQEQW4SX","version":496,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Spark Ignition Engine Simulation Using a Flamelet Based Combustion Model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Irufan","lastName":"Ahmed"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Golnoush","lastName":"Ghiasi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A Gnana Sagaya","lastName":"Raj"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nedunchezhian","lastName":"Swaminathan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jann","lastName":"Koch"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Karel","lastName":"Steurs"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yuri M","lastName":"Wright"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2015-24-2402.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z"}}


key: TXH5XAVR
data:
  {"key":"TXH5XAVR","version":496,"data":{"key":"TXH5XAVR","version":496,"itemType":"document","title":"Modeling Knock in Spark-Ignition Engines Using a G -equation Combustion Model Incorporating Detailed Chemical Kinetics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Long","lastName":"Liang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Claudia O","lastName":"Iyer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jianwen","lastName":"Yi"}],"abstractNote":"","publisher":"","date":"2007","language":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Issue: 724\nPages: 776–790\nVolume: 2007","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z"}}


key: K9QD74C7
data:
  {"key":"K9QD74C7","version":496,"data":{"key":"K9QD74C7","version":496,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Fuel Structure Effects on Surrogate Alternative Jet Fuel Combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Giacomo","lastName":"Flora"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jeremy P","lastName":"Cain"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Moshan S P","lastName":"Kahandawala"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sukhjinder S","lastName":"Sidhu"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–8","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:51Z"}}


key: 3Z4SIMNP
data:
  {"key":"3Z4SIMNP","version":496,"data":{"key":"3Z4SIMNP","version":496,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical simulation and extended validation of two-phase compressible flow in diesel injector nozzles","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Francisco Javier","lastName":"Salvador"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sergio","lastName":"Hoyas"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ricardo","lastName":"Novella"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jorge","lastName":"Martinez-Lopez"}],"abstractNote":"In this paper, the ability of a computational fluid dynamics code to reproduce cavitation phenomena accurately is checked by comparing data acquired by numerical simulations against those obtained from different experiments involving the mass flow, the momentum flux, and the effective injection velocity. Cavitation is modelled using a single-phase cavitation model based on a barotropic equation of state together with a homogeneous equilibrium assumption. In the research reported in this paper, the ability to use the code for actual diesel injector nozzle geometries and conditions has been checked and validated. The main contribution of the present investigation and what makes it different from previous work in the literature is the consideration of extended experimental data for validation purposes: the mass flow, the momentum flux at the nozzle exit, and the effective injection velocity. These are unique features in contrast with other publications, which normally take into account at the most, if at all, the cavitation morphology or the mass flow. The results obtained and their comparison with available experimental data show how the model is able to predict the behaviour of the fluid in such conditions with a high level of confidence. © 2011 Authors.","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering","volume":"225","issue":"4","pages":"545–563","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1177/09544070JAUTO1569","ISSN":"0954-4070","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"cavitation"},{"tag":"diesel injector"},{"tag":"internal flow"},{"tag":"nozzle"},{"tag":"openfoam h"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:50Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:50Z"}}


key: 525WRKAY
data:
  {"key":"525WRKAY","version":496,"data":{"key":"525WRKAY","version":496,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental study on the explosion characteristics of methane / air mixtures with hydrogen addition","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaobo","lastName":"Shen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Guangli","lastName":"Xiu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sizhe","lastName":"Wu"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"120","issue":"","pages":"741–747","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.04.040","ISSN":"1359-4311","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.04.040","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:50Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:50Z"}}


key: F69CK6ED
data:
  {"key":"F69CK6ED","version":496,"data":{"key":"F69CK6ED","version":496,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A Multi-Dimensional CFD-Chemical Kinetics Approach in Detection and Reduction of Knocking Combustion in Diesel-Natural Gas Dual-Fuel Engines Using Local Heat Release Analysis","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Maghbouli"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S.","lastName":"Shafee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R.K.","lastName":"Saray"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"W.","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"V.","lastName":"Hosseini"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H.","lastName":"An"}],"abstractNote":"Dual-fuel diesel-natural gas (NG) engine exhibits higher power density and lower specific emissions compared to dedicated diesel engines. However, high intake temperatures, high compression ratios, combined with high engine loads may lead to engine knock. This is potentially a limiting factor on engine downsizing and getting higher power. In the present study, the combustion process under knocking conditions has been investigated in a dual-fuel diesel-NG engine. A comprehensive multi-dimensional simulation framework was generated by integrating the CHEMKIN chemistry solver into the KIVA-3V code. A detailed chemical kinetics mechanism was used for n-heptane and methane as diesel and NG surrogates. Combination of detailed chemical kinetics and detailed fluid dynamics calculation enabled the model to take into account the characteristics of most pronounced knock type in dual-fuel engines, so called end-gas knock. Within the CFD computational domain, eight regions that are the representatives of the dual-fuel heat release patterns have been selected to extract local properties. Using local knock identification factors, end-gas knock was observed in abnormal combustion cases. A new Knock Intensity factor (K.I) was introduced based on local heat release rate. Using developed knock prediction method, results showed knock could be mitigated by using EGR. Moreover, effect of premixed methane equivalence ratio on knocking combustion was investigated. © 2013 SAE International.","publicationTitle":"SAE International Journal of Engines","volume":"6","issue":"2","pages":"777–787","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2013-01-0865","ISSN":"19463936 19463944","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:50Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:50Z"}}


key: 9UXG2M4L
data:
  {"key":"9UXG2M4L","version":496,"data":{"key":"9UXG2M4L","version":496,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The knock study of high compression ratio SI engine fueled with methanol in combination with different EGR rates","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaoyan","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xudong","lastName":"Zhen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yang","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Daming","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhi","lastName":"Tian"}],"abstractNote":"Methanol, with a high octane index, is considered to be one of the most ideal fuels for high compression ratio engines. In this paper, the SAGE models combined with methanol chemical reaction kinetics (consisting of 46-species and 247-elementary reactions) are used to study knock combustion. Knock combustion is simulated in a high compression ratio SI methanol engine with different EGR rates. The results show that the introduction of EGR into the combustion chamber can reduce the knock intensity and delay the knock onset time. Without EGR, the intake side of the combustion chamber is prone to knocking mostly. As the EGR rate increases, the exhaust side of the combustion chamber is the most likely to knocking. OH radicals can be considered an indicator of the temperature, and H2O2 can be regarded as an indicator of the propagating flame front. OH marks the knock phase duration and HCO marks the onset of knocking. The reaction intensities of CH2O, H2O2, CO and OH species are higher than other species during knocking combustion. The greater the reaction rate is, the greater the knock intensity will be.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"257","issue":"July","pages":"116098","date":"2019","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116098","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116098","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[{"tag":"Detailed chemical kinetics"},{"tag":"EGR"},{"tag":"High compression ratio engine"},{"tag":"Knock"},{"tag":"Methanol"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:50Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:50Z"}}


key: P6RVNTCF
data:
  {"key":"P6RVNTCF","version":495,"data":{"key":"P6RVNTCF","version":495,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Firefighting Nozzle Reaction and Hose Tension","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Selena K","lastName":"Chin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Grunde","lastName":"Jomaas"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Peter B","lastName":"Sunderland"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"fluid mechanics"},{"tag":"hose tension"},{"tag":"hydraulics"},{"tag":"kickback"},{"tag":"spray"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:50Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:50Z"}}


key: KYCWWY2G
data:
  {"key":"KYCWWY2G","version":495,"data":{"key":"KYCWWY2G","version":495,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A Reduced Reaction Mechanism for Predicting Knock in Dual-Fuel Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S C","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F A","lastName":"Williams"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Sae Technical Paper Series","volume":"","issue":"724","pages":"","date":"2000","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2000-01-0957","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:50Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:50Z"}}


key: JHRMJSHE
data:
  {"key":"JHRMJSHE","version":495,"data":{"key":"JHRMJSHE","version":495,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Study of ignition chemistry on turbulent premixed flames of n-heptane/air by using a reactor assisted turbulent slot burner","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bret","lastName":"Windom"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sang Hee","lastName":"Won"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Christopher B.","lastName":"Reuter"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Jiang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yiguang","lastName":"Ju"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stephen","lastName":"Hammack"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Timothy","lastName":"Ombrello"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Campbell","lastName":"Carter"}],"abstractNote":"The changes in flame structure and burning velocity of premixed n-heptane/air flames associated with ignition chemistry have been investigated in a reactor-assisted turbulent slot (RATS) burner. Two distinct turbulent flame regimes are identified by varying the flow residence time and reactor temperature. A chemically frozen (CF) regime is observed at a reactor temperature of 450K and a low-temperature ignition (LTI) regime is identified at 650K. At a reactor temperature of 450K, the measured turbulent burning velocities (ST) exhibit a monotonic trend, proportional only to the turbulent intensity and laminar flame speed (SL) calculated with the initial fuel/air mixture. At a reactor temperature of 650K, ST initially decreases with increasing flow residence times (decreasing turbulent intensity) but then increases once the reactor flow residence time exceeds the LTI delay. Furthermore, ST in the LTI regime exhibits a strong correlation with the extent of low-temperature reactivity (defined by CH2O concentration). The species distributions at the exit of the RATS burner after the onset of LTI are quantified by gas sampling-chromatography and used to compute the changes in SL and mixture Lewis number (Le), which are shown to substantially change after the onset of LTI. Damköhler's scaling analysis indicates that the increase in ST in the LTI regime originates from an increase in SL, a decrease in Le, and an increase in turbulence intensity due to the heat release from the low-temperature chemistry. To examine the role of ignition chemistry on flame stability, flame flashback measurements have been performed by varying mean jet velocities and n-heptane/air mixture equivalence ratios for reactor temperatures of 450 and 650K. Measurements at 650K imply the strong influence of high-temperature ignition on flame stability phenomena.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"169","issue":"","pages":"19–29","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.02.031","ISSN":"00102180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010218016300475","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Flashback"},{"tag":"Low temperature ignition"},{"tag":"Turbulent burning velocity"},{"tag":"kHz LIF diagnostic"},{"tag":"n-Heptane"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:50Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:50Z"}}


key: 7SSYYFJK
data:
  {"key":"7SSYYFJK","version":495,"data":{"key":"7SSYYFJK","version":495,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"High-Pressure Spray and Combustion Modeling Using Continuous Thermodynamics for Diesel Fuels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yong","lastName":"Yi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Guang-sheng","lastName":"Zhu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper Series","volume":"2001","issue":"2001-01-0998","pages":"","date":"2001","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:50Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:50Z"}}


key: BHD7R773
data:
  {"key":"BHD7R773","version":495,"data":{"key":"BHD7R773","version":495,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"NIH Public Access","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Author","lastName":"Manuscript"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gastrointestinal Polyposis","lastName":"Syndromes"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"48","issue":"Suppl 2","pages":"1–6","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181a15ae8.Screening","ISSN":"1878-5832","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 3143627344\n_eprint: NIHMS150003\nPMID: 21959306","tags":[{"tag":"adenoma"},{"tag":"familial polyposis"},{"tag":"for an inherited polyposis"},{"tag":"genetic screening"},{"tag":"genetic testing of children"},{"tag":"in children"},{"tag":"primary morbidity"},{"tag":"syndrome in which the"},{"tag":"testing for polyposis syndromes"},{"tag":"the ethics of genetic"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z"}}


key: B7U425PC
data:
  {"key":"B7U425PC","version":495,"data":{"key":"B7U425PC","version":495,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The influence of flash boiling conditions on spray characteristics with closely coupled split injection strategy","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ziman","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Changzhao","lastName":"Jiang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hongming","lastName":"Xu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tawfik","lastName":"Badawy"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yizhou","lastName":"Jiang"}],"abstractNote":"The isooctane spray characteristics under various flash boiling conditions were studied with high speed imaging technique and Phase Doppler particle Analyser (PDPA) technique. The potential of closely coupled split injection strategy to alleviate fuel impingement and the corresponding spray characteristics were also investigated. It was found that flash boiling led to obvious collapse of spray and improved atomization. The increasing strength of flash boiling (excluding the transitional stage) resulted in increasing penetration and potential impingement. Stronger flash boiling caused smaller droplets and higher possibility for the droplets to further breakup. Closely coupled split injection strategy effectively reduced the overall spray penetration and the potential impingement. The flash boiling considerably weakened the collision between split injections and the interaction in liquid phase but strengthened the interaction in gas phase. The dwell interval exerted marginal effects on the penetration rate for each split injection event under flash boiling conditions due to the weakened interaction in liquid phase. By contrast, under non-flash boiling condition, the second split injection observably affected by the variation of dwell interval. Besides, split injection strategy resulted in larger droplet sizes than single injection strategy and the increasing flash boiling strength decreased the size difference between injection strategies.","publicationTitle":"Applied Energy","volume":"187","issue":"","pages":"523–533","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.11.089","ISSN":"03062619","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.11.089","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0306-2619\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Droplet"},{"tag":"Flash boiling"},{"tag":"Split injection"},{"tag":"Spray"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z"}}


key: EGZYI3FL
data:
  {"key":"EGZYI3FL","version":495,"data":{"key":"EGZYI3FL","version":495,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental investigation into the effects of two-stage injection on fuel injection quantity, combustion and emissions in a high-speed optical common rail diesel engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohammad Reza","lastName":"Herfatmanesh"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Pin","lastName":"Lu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohammadreza Anbari","lastName":"Attar"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hua","lastName":"Zhao"}],"abstractNote":"Diesel combustion and the formation of pollutants are directly influenced by the spatial and temporal distributions of the fuel within the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The requirements for more efficient and responsive diesel engines have led to the introduction and implementation of multiple injection strategies. However, the effects of such injection modes on the hydraulic systems, such as the high pressure pipes and fuel injectors, must be thoroughly examined and compensated for. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fuel injection equipment characterisation and optimisation on diesel combustion and emissions with two-stage fuel injection. The fuel injection system was characterised and optimised through the measurement of the fuel injection rate and quantity, in particular, the interaction between the two injection events was quantified and compensated for. The effects of twin and variable split two-stage injection and dwell angle on diesel combustion and emissions were investigated in a high-speed direct injection single-cylinder optical diesel engine using heat release analysis and high-speed fuel spray and combustion visualisation technique. The results indicated that two-stage injection has the potential for simultaneous reduction of NOx and soot emissions. Nevertheless, the studied two-stage strategies resulted in higher soot emission, mainly due to the interaction between two consecutive fuel injection events, whereby the fuel sprays during the second injection were injected into burning regions, generating fuel-rich combustion. In addition, the variable two-stage strategies produced high levels of uHC emission in comparison to single and twin split injection cases. This was mainly attributed to firstly greater fuel quantity injected during the second injection and secondly poor mixing and air utilisation during the second fuel injection event. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"109","issue":"","pages":"137–147","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2013.01.013","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.01.013","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 1468087412458\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel engine"},{"tag":"Dwell angle"},{"tag":"Emissions"},{"tag":"Injection rate"},{"tag":"Two-stage injection"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z"}}


key: 44KFHI58
data:
  {"key":"44KFHI58","version":495,"data":{"key":"44KFHI58","version":495,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Heat release rate markers for premixed combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zacharias M.","lastName":"Nikolaou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nedunchezhian","lastName":"Swaminathan"}],"abstractNote":"The validity of the commonly used flame marker for heat release rate (HRR) visualization, namely the rate of the reaction OH+CH2O↔HCO+H2O is re-examined. This is done both for methane-air and multi-component fuel-air mixtures for lean and stoichiometric conditions. Two different methods are used to identify HRR correlations, and it is found that HRR correlations vary strongly with stoichiometry. For the methane mixture there exist alternative HRR markers, while for the multi-component fuel flame the above correlation is found to be inadequate. Alternative markers for the HRR visualization are thus proposed and their performance under turbulent conditions is evaluated using DNS data.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"161","issue":"12","pages":"3073–3084","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.05.019","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.05.019","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0010-2180\nPublisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"Direct numerical simulation"},{"tag":"Flame markers"},{"tag":"Heat release rate imaging"},{"tag":"Laser diagnostics"},{"tag":"Mild combustion"},{"tag":"Premixed combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z"}}


key: 7SX6YVLL
data:
  {"key":"7SX6YVLL","version":495,"data":{"key":"7SX6YVLL","version":495,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Influence of cavitation phenomenon on primary break-up and spray behavior at stationary conditions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J. M.","lastName":"Desantes"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R.","lastName":"Payri"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F. J.","lastName":"Salvador"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J.","lastName":"De La Morena"}],"abstractNote":"In this paper, a special technique for visualizing the first 1.5 mm of the spray has been applied to examine the link between cavitation phenomenon inside the nozzle and spray behavior in the near-nozzle field. For this purpose, a Diesel axi-symmetric nozzle has been analyzed. Firstly, the nozzle has been geometrically and hydraulically characterized. Mass flow measurements at stationary conditions have allowed the detection of the pressure conditions for mass flow choking, usually related with cavitation inception in the literature. Nevertheless, with the objective to get a deeper knowledge of cavitation phenomenon, near-nozzle field visualization technique has been used to detect cavitation bubbles injected in a chamber pressurized with liquid fuel. Using backlight illumination, the differences in terms of density and refractive index have allowed the distinction between vapour and liquid fuel phases. From these visualization results, two important conclusions can be established: on the one hand, cavitation bubbles have been detected at the nozzle exit for pressure drop conditions at which mass flow was not choked yet. On the other hand, it could be seen that the jet formed by cavitation bubbles spread as pressure drop conditions became stronger. Finally, spray visualization in a nitrogen pressurized chamber has been developed at stationary conditions. In order to analyze cavitation influence on spray characteristics, pressure drop has been modified near the values at which cavitation bubbles have been detected out of the nozzle. Two different test strategies have been used for this purpose: fixing injection pressure, which implied a change in chamber density for each test point, or fixing chamber pressure. Both kinds of measurements revealed a noticeable increment of spray cone angle and spray contour irregularities related with the presence of cavitation bubbles at the orifice outlet. This fact can be assumed as an indicator of atomization improvement induced by the collapse of cavitation bubbles at the nozzle exit. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"89","issue":"10","pages":"3033–3041","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2010.06.004","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.06.004","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Cavitation"},{"tag":"Diesel"},{"tag":"Injector"},{"tag":"Near nozzle"},{"tag":"Spray"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z"}}


key: KP9IF3IE
data:
  {"key":"KP9IF3IE","version":495,"data":{"key":"KP9IF3IE","version":495,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effects of Fuel Cell Material Properties on Water Management Using CFD Simulation and Neutron Imaging","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Peng","lastName":"Quan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ming Chia","lastName":"Lai"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Atul","lastName":"Kumar"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"James","lastName":"Waldecker"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shinichi","lastName":"Hirano"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"3","issue":"1","pages":"559–576","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2010-01-0934","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2010-01-0934","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z"}}


key: FHU9Z3MF
data:
  {"key":"FHU9Z3MF","version":494,"data":{"key":"FHU9Z3MF","version":494,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Analysis of the relationship between liquid droplet size and contact angle","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S.","lastName":"Vafaei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M. Z.","lastName":"Podowski"}],"abstractNote":"The purpose of this paper is to present a consistent theoretical concept that can explain the various physical phenomena associated with the effect of droplet size on contact angle for droplets on solid surfaces, and with the geometry of the liquid/gas/solid contact line in general. Two droplet geometries have been considered: uniformly elongated droplets and axisymmetric droplets. It has been shown that the contact angle for elongated droplets is size-independent and, thus, satisfies the Young equation for constant material and interfacial properties. On the other hand, whereas the contact angle for axisymmetric droplets is size-dependent and does not satisfy the original Young equation, it is shown that this contact angle can still be predicted for any combination of droplet and substrate materials, and a given mass of the droplet. The theoretical work has been combined with the development of numerical schemes of solving the Laplace-Young equation for various droplet geometries. The proposed approach has been applied to different material/substrate combinations and validated against several sets of experimental data. As a result, a method has been developed for predicting the contact angle of both long and axisymmetric sessile droplets of arbitrary sizes for given liquid/solid/gas properties. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Advances in Colloid and Interface Science","volume":"113","issue":"2-3","pages":"133–146","date":"2005","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.cis.2005.03.001","ISSN":"00018686","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 00018686\nPMID: 15904888","tags":[{"tag":"Contact angle"},{"tag":"Droplet shape"},{"tag":"Gas/liquid interfacial forces"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z"}}


key: AIMMZBLQ
data:
  {"key":"AIMMZBLQ","version":494,"data":{"key":"AIMMZBLQ","version":494,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Large eddy simulations of the flow field and temperature separation in the Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tanvir","lastName":"Farouk"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bakhtier","lastName":"Farouk"}],"abstractNote":"A computational fluid dynamic model is used to predict the flow fields and the associated temperature separation within a Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube. The large eddy simulation (LES) technique was employed for predicting the flow and temperature fields in the vortex tube. A vortex tube with a circumferential inlet stream and an axial (cold) outlet stream and a circumferential (hot) outlet stream was considered. The temporal evolutions of the axial, radial and azimuthal components of the velocity along with the temperature, pressure and density fields within the vortex tube are simulated. Performance curves (temperature separation versus cold outlet mass fraction) were obtained for a specific vortex tube with a given inlet mass flow rate. Simulations were carried out for varying amounts of cold outlet mass flow rates. Predictions from the present large eddy simulations compare favorably with available experimental measurements. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"50","issue":"","pages":"4724–4735","date":"2007","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.03.048","ISSN":"00179310","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0017-9310","tags":[{"tag":"Large eddy simulations"},{"tag":"Modeling"},{"tag":"Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube"},{"tag":"Temperature separation"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z"}}


key: KZ26IP3T
data:
  {"key":"KZ26IP3T","version":494,"data":{"key":"KZ26IP3T","version":494,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Combustion characteristics of compressed natural gas / diesel dual-fuel turbocharged compressed ignition engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Liu","lastName":"Shenghua"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhou","lastName":"Longbao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wang","lastName":"Ziyan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ren","lastName":"Jiang"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"217","issue":"","pages":"833–838","date":"","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"combustion"},{"tag":"dual fuel"},{"tag":"turbocharged compression ignition engine"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z"}}


key: JMQQL354
data:
  {"key":"JMQQL354","version":494,"data":{"key":"JMQQL354","version":494,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Hydrogen DI Dual Zone Combustion System","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matthew","lastName":"Younkins"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Brad","lastName":"Boyer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Margaret","lastName":"Wooldridge"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Sae","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"45–53","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2013-01-0230","ISSN":"1946-3944","shortTitle":"","url":"http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2013-01-0230","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 2013010230","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:49Z"}}


key: 3XEBIUJ8
data:
  {"key":"3XEBIUJ8","version":494,"data":{"key":"3XEBIUJ8","version":494,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Ignition delay time correlation of fuel blends based on Livengood-Wu description","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F.","lastName":"Khaled"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J.","lastName":"Badra"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Farooq"}],"abstractNote":"© 2017 Elsevier Ltd In this work, a universal methodology for ignition delay time (IDT) correlation of multicomponent fuel mixtures is reported. The method is applicable over wide ranges of temperatures, pressures, and equivalence ratios. n-Heptane, iso-octane, toluene, ethanol and their blends are investigated in this study because of their relevance to gasoline surrogate formulation. The proposed methodology combines benefits from the Livengood-Wu integral, the cool flame characteristics and the Arrhenius behavior of the high-temperature ignition delay time to suggest a simple and comprehensive formulation for correlating the ignition delay times of pure components and blends. The IDTs of fuel blends usually have complex dependences on temperature, pressure, equivalence ratio and composition of the blend. The Livengood-Wu integral is applied here to relate the NTC region and the cool flame phenomenon. The integral is further extended to obtain a relation between the IDTs of fuel blends and pure components. Ignition delay times calculated using the proposed methodology are in excellent agreement with those simulated using a detailed chemical kinetic model for n-heptane, iso-octane, toluene, ethanol and blends of these components. Finally, very good agreement is also observed for combustion phasing in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) predictions between simulations performed with detailed chemistry and calculations using the developed ignition delay correlation.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"209","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2017.07.095","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Autoignition"},{"tag":"Combustion"},{"tag":"Ignition delay times"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:48Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:48Z"}}


key: CXMWHL2G
data:
  {"key":"CXMWHL2G","version":494,"data":{"key":"CXMWHL2G","version":494,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Development of a Simulation Model for Direct Injection Dual Fuel Diesel-Natural Gas Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D T","lastName":"Hountalas"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R G","lastName":"Papagiannakis"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"724","pages":"","date":"2000","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:48Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:48Z"}}


key: P3N4ZECC
data:
  {"key":"P3N4ZECC","version":494,"data":{"key":"P3N4ZECC","version":494,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical research on micro diesel spray characteristics under ultra-high injection pressure by Large Eddy Simulation (LES)","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shenghao","lastName":"Yu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bifeng","lastName":"Yin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hekun","lastName":"Jia"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jianda","lastName":"Yu"}],"abstractNote":"The Large Eddy Simulation model was introduced to study the micro spray characteristics under ultra-high injection pressure (\\textgreater220 MPa). EFS8400 spray test platform was set up to verify the accuracy of the numerical model. The mechanisms of micro spray characteristics were studied intensively under different injection pressures (180 MPa, 240 MPa) and nozzle diameters (0.1 mm, 0.16 mm). The results indicated that the micro turbulence vortex structures can be captured, especially in the liquid spray core area. Large Eddy Simulation model combined with the small grid size of 0.25 mm show a huge advantage in studying the micro spray characteristics under ultra-high injection pressure; The turbulence vorticity and spray velocity for injection pressure of 240 MPa are more intensive than that of 180 MPa, and also the ultra-high injection pressure can contribute to strong turbulence disturbance between spray and surrounding air, which is helpful to improve the quality of spray; The spray velocity field extended wider for the diameter of 0.16 mm, and also the values of velocity in the spray center is higher than that of the diameter of 0.1 mm; The entrainment vortex appeared at the edge of the large velocity gradient between spray and surrounding air, and the higher velocity gradient for ultra-high injection pressure (240 MPa) between the spray and air is easier to increase the generation of entrainment vortex in the downstream of the spray, which can significantly increase the quality of spray and atomization.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"64","issue":"","pages":"129–136","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2017.03.003","ISSN":"0142727X","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0142-727X\nPublisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel"},{"tag":"Large Eddy Simulation"},{"tag":"Spray"},{"tag":"Turbulence Vortex"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:48Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:48Z"}}


key: XFJNQFMJ
data:
  {"key":"XFJNQFMJ","version":514,"data":{"key":"XFJNQFMJ","version":514,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"Spray-combustion interaction mechanism of multiple-injection under diesel engine conditions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Khanh","lastName":"Cung"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Abdul","lastName":"Moiz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jaclyn","lastName":"Johnson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Seong Young","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chol Bum","lastName":"Kweon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alessandro","lastName":"Montanaro"}],"abstractNote":"Multiple-injection has shown significant benefits in the reduction of combustion emissions and soot formation. However, there is a need to understand the secondary flow-induced air-fuel mixture formation and subsequent combustion mechanism under multiple-injection. An experiment was performed by changing the dwell time between the pilot and main injections under the conditions of 23 kg/m3ambient density with 0% O2(non-combusting) and 15% O2(combusting) ambient conditions, at an injection pressure of 120 MPa. The mass ratios of pilot and main injections in the study were 15/85% and 20/80%. A hybrid shadowgraph and Mie scattering imaging technique in a nearly simultaneous mode along the same line of sight was used to visualize the spray and flame luminosity. Pilot-main spray flame properties including ignition delay, ignition location, and lift-off length were characterized from experimental images. CFD simulation of pilot-main spray combustion was performed under the same experimental conditions to provide additional insights into the combustion process. The air-fuel mixing field and ignition process followed by main injection flame structure are significantly altered at different dwells. The spray-to-flame interaction mechanism model has been established for the development of an optimal multiple-injection scheme for, possibly, low soot formation and emissions.","date":"2015","proceedingsTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","conferenceName":"","place":"","publisher":"The Combustion Institute","volume":"35","pages":"3061–3068","series":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2014.07.054","ISBN":"15407489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.07.054","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISSN: 15407489\nIssue: 3","tags":[{"tag":"CONVERGE"},{"tag":"Combustion vessel"},{"tag":"Diesel engine"},{"tag":"Multiple-injection"},{"tag":"Spray combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:09Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:09Z"}}


key: SPKTV75P
data:
  {"key":"SPKTV75P","version":514,"data":{"key":"SPKTV75P","version":514,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Optimization of injection strategy to reduce fuel consumption for stoichiometric diesel combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Daesik","lastName":"Kim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sungwook","lastName":"Park"}],"abstractNote":"In the present study, optimization of engine operating conditions was performed to reduce fuel consumption for stoichiometric diesel combustion. Microgenetic algorithms were used, and variations of injection strategy, spray included angle, and initial conditions (such as temperature and pressure) were evaluated. The KIVA code, coupled with the Chemkin chemistry solver, was used for three-dimensional CFD modeling, and the ignition and combustion processes were modeled using a reduced n-heptane mechanism. The KIVA code in use was verified against pressure histories and emissions for stoichiometric diesel combustion obtained experimentally. Optimized engine operating conditions for minimum fuel consumption were found at the 43rd generation. The optimized case includes 50-50% split injection, reduced spray included for reduction of unburned HC in crevices, and lower oxygen concentration to retard combustion phasing. This optimization yielded an 11.8% improvement in fuel consumption, along with simultaneous reductions of soot, NOx, CO, and HC. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"93","issue":"","pages":"229–237","date":"2012","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2011.08.067","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.08.067","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Genetic algorithm"},{"tag":"KIVA code"},{"tag":"Optimization of injection strategy"},{"tag":"Stoichiometric diesel combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:08Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:08Z"}}


key: SZZI3U9T
data:
  {"key":"SZZI3U9T","version":514,"data":{"key":"SZZI3U9T","version":514,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Natural Gas for High Load Dual-Fuel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition in Heavy-Duty Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N.","lastName":"Ryan Walker"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Martin L","lastName":"Wissink"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Dan A.","lastName":"DelVescovo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) has been shown to be capable of providing improved engine efficiencies coupled with the benefit of low emissions via in-cylinder fuel blending. Much of the previous body of work has studied the use of gasoline as the premixed low-reactivity fuel. However, there is interest in exploring the use of al-ternative fuels in advanced combustion strategies. Due to the strong market growth of natural gas as a fuel in both mobile and stationary applications, a study on the use of methane for RCCI combustion was performed. Single cylinder heavy-duty engine experi-ments were undertaken to examine the operating range of the RCCI combustion strategy with methane/diesel fueling and were compared against gasoline/diesel RCCI operation. The experimental results show a significant load extension of RCCI engine operation with methane/diesel fueling compared to gasoline/diesel fueling. For gasoline/diesel fuel-ing, a maximum load of 6.9 bar gross indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP g) at CA50 ¼ 0 deg aTDC (after top dead center) and 7.0 bar IMEP g at CA50 ¼ 4 deg aTDC was obtained without use of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). For methane/diesel fueling, a maximum load of 15.4 bar IMEP g at CA50 ¼ 0 deg aTDC and 17.3 bar IMEP g at CA50 ¼ 4 deg aTDC was achieved, showing the effectiveness of the use of methane in extending the load limit for RCCI engine operation.","publicationTitle":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology","volume":"137","issue":"4","pages":"042202","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1115/1.4030110","ISSN":"0195-0738","shortTitle":"","url":"http://energyresources.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?doi=10.1115/1.4030110","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9780791846162","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:08Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:08Z"}}


key: HDAF4HIS
data:
  {"key":"HDAF4HIS","version":514,"data":{"key":"HDAF4HIS","version":514,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effect of turbulence–chemistry interactions on chemical pathways for turbulent hydrogen–air premixed flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Debolina","lastName":"Dasgupta"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wenting","lastName":"Sun"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Marc","lastName":"Day"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tim","lastName":"Lieuwen"}],"abstractNote":"This paper considers the kinetic pathways of hydrogen oxidation in turbulent, premixed H2–air flames. It assesses the relative roles of different reaction steps in H2 oxidation relative to laminar flames, and the degree to which turbulence–chemistry interactions alters the well understood oxidation pathway that exist in laminar flames. This is done by analyzing the turbulent, lean (ϕ = 0.4), H2–air flame DNS database from Aspden et al. [17]. The relative roles of dominant reaction steps in heat release and radical formation/consumption are analyzed at different Karlovitz numbers and compared with laminar stretched flame calculations from counterflow flames and perfectly stirred reactors. It is found that both the progress variable conditioned and spatially integrated contributions of the dominant reactions remain qualitatively similar between a highly turbulent and a laminar unstretched flame. Larger changes, up to a factor of about two, occur in the relative roles of reactions with secondary influences on heat release and radical production/consumption. These results suggest that the kinetic routes through which H2 is oxidized remain essentially constant between laminar, unstretched flames and high Karlovitz number flames.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"176","issue":"","pages":"191–201","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.09.029","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Premixed flames"},{"tag":"Turbulent combustion"},{"tag":"Turbulent–chemistry interactions"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:08Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:08Z"}}


key: LMYQ3D9I
data:
  {"key":"LMYQ3D9I","version":514,"data":{"key":"LMYQ3D9I","version":514,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental study on diesel fuel injection characteristics under cold start conditions with single and split injection strategies","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ziman","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Haichun","lastName":"Ding"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Miroslaw L.","lastName":"Wyszynski"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jianyi","lastName":"Tian"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hongming","lastName":"Xu"}],"abstractNote":"Studies on fuel flow characteristics under both room temperature (25 °C) and low temperature (-18 °C) were carried out under a wide range of injection pressures and back pressures using a long tube real-time fuel flow rate measuring instrument. Both single and split injection strategies were employed. Several modified correlations were proposed to analyze fuel injection characteristics. It was found that low fuel temperature caused longer injection delay, shorter injection duration, lower mass flow rate and less injected fuel mass. The injector discharge coefficient was affected more by fuel viscosity changes due to low temperature than by the geometric structure of the injector. Cold start conditions effectively limited the inception of cavitation as seen in the flow rate/pressure dependence and accelerated the transition of flow regime from cavitation to turbulent and laminar flow with the decrease of injection pressure. This contributed to increased chances for the existence of laminar flow and thus to reduction of the discharge coefficient. Besides, low fuel temperature significantly weakened the degree of interaction between individual parts of split injection and split mass flow rate shapes became much less continuous than those under room temperature. These findings are of great importance for engine cold start studies.","publicationTitle":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"131","issue":"","pages":"213–222","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.10.003","ISSN":"03783820","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.10.003","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0378-3820\nPublisher: Elsevier B.V.","tags":[{"tag":"Flow regime"},{"tag":"Fuel injection characteristics"},{"tag":"Low temperature"},{"tag":"Split injection strategy"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:08Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:08Z"}}


key: 4IQ96EUF
data:
  {"key":"4IQ96EUF","version":514,"data":{"key":"4IQ96EUF","version":514,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Charge Motion Benefits of Valve Deactivation to Reduce Fuel Consumption and Emissions in a GDi, VVA Engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wayne","lastName":"Moore"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matthew","lastName":"Foster"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ming Chia","lastName":"Lai"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xing-Bin","lastName":"Xie"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yi","lastName":"Zheng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Atsushi","lastName":"Matsumoto"}],"abstractNote":"Requirements for reduced fuel consumption with simultaneous reductions in regulated emissions require more efficient operation of Spark Ignited (SI) engines. An advanced valvetrain coupled with Gasoline Direct injection (GDi) provide an opportunity to simultaneously reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Work on a flex fuel GDi engine has identified significant potential to reduce throttling by using Early Intake Valve Closing (EIVC) and Late Intake Valve Closing (LIVC) strategies to control knock and load. High loads were problematic when operating on gasoline for particulate emissions, and low loads were not able to fully minimize throttling due to poor charge motion for the EIVC strategy. The use of valve deactivation was successful at reducing high load particulate emissions without a significant airflow penalty below 3000 RPM. Valve deactivation did increase the knocking tendency for knock limited fuels, due to increased heat transfer that increased charge temperature. Valve deactivation also extended the near un-throttled operation to lower loads (2 bar BMEP) by reducing burn durations and allowing higher levels of dilution. Results are presented showing the improvements in emissions and reduction in fuel consumption. Results from an optical engine and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) at representative points are also presented to quantify the in-cylinder sprays and flow structures.","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2011-01-1221","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1221","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 2011011221","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:08Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:08Z"}}


key: DQV5AE2K
data:
  {"key":"DQV5AE2K","version":514,"data":{"key":"DQV5AE2K","version":514,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Advances and challenges in laminar fl ame experiments and implications for combustion chemistry","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F N","lastName":"Egolfopoulos"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N","lastName":"Hansen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Y","lastName":"Ju"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K","lastName":"Kohse-höinghaus"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C K","lastName":"Law"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F","lastName":"Qi"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"43","issue":"","pages":"36–67","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.pecs.2014.04.004","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:08Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:08Z"}}


key: R5DQ3C57
data:
  {"key":"R5DQ3C57","version":514,"data":{"key":"R5DQ3C57","version":514,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A Model for Droplet Vaporization for Use in Gasoline and HCCI Engine Applications","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Youngchul","lastName":"Ra"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D.","lastName":"Feitz"}],"abstractNote":"A model for unsteady droplet vaporization is presented that considers$\\backslash$nthe droplet temperature range from flash-boiling conditions to normal$\\backslash$nevaporation. The theory of continuous thermodynamics was used to model$\\backslash$nthe properties and compositions of multicomponent fuels such as$\\backslash$ngasoline. In order to model the change of evaporation rate from normal$\\backslash$nto boiling conditions more realistically, an unsteady internal heat$\\backslash$nflux model and a new model for the determination of the droplet surface$\\backslash$ntemperature is proposed. An explicit form of the equation to determine$\\backslash$nthe heat flux from the surrounding gas mixture to the droplet-gas$\\backslash$ninterface was obtained from an approximate solution of the quasi-steady$\\backslash$nenergy equation for the surrounding gas mixture, with the$\\backslash$ninter-diffusion of fuel vapor and the surrounding gas taken into$\\backslash$naccount. The model was applied to calculate evaporation processes of$\\backslash$ndroplets for various ambient temperatures and droplet temperatures.","publicationTitle":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","volume":"126","issue":"April","pages":"422","date":"2004","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1115/1.1688367","ISSN":"07424795","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0791816885","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:08Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:08Z"}}


key: 6TJAB8MR
data:
  {"key":"6TJAB8MR","version":513,"data":{"key":"6TJAB8MR","version":513,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical investigation of the spray-mesh-turbulence interactions for high-pressure, evaporating sprays at engine conditions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tommaso","lastName":"Lucchini"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gianluca","lastName":"D'Errico"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Daniele","lastName":"Ettorre"}],"abstractNote":"This work presents a numerical methodology to simulate evaporating, high pressure Diesel sprays using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. Specific sub-models were developed to describe the liquid spray injection and breakup, and the influence of the liquid jet on the turbulence viscosity in the vicinity of the nozzle. To reduce the computational time and easily solve the problem of the grid dependency, the possibility to dynamically refine the grid where the fuel-air mixing process takes place was also included. The validity of the proposed approach was firstly verified simulating an evaporating spray in a constant-volume vessel at non-reacting conditions. The availability of a large quantity of experimental data allowed us to investigate in detail the effects of grid size, ambient diffusivity and used spray sub-models. In this way, different guidelines were derived for a successful simulation of the fuel-air mixture formation process. Finally, fuel injection and evaporation were simulated in an optical engine geometry and computed mixture fraction distributions were compared with experimental data. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"32","issue":"1","pages":"285–297","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2010.07.006","ISSN":"0142727X","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2010.07.006","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0142-727X\nPublisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Adaptive mesh refinement"},{"tag":"Diesel spray"},{"tag":"Eulerian-Lagrangian methodology"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:08Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:08Z"}}


key: 6XKIPX2X
data:
  {"key":"6XKIPX2X","version":513,"data":{"key":"6XKIPX2X","version":513,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A path flux analysis method for the reduction of detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wenting","lastName":"Sun"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zheng","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaolong","lastName":"Gou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yiguang","lastName":"Ju"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"157","issue":"7","pages":"1298–1307","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.03.006","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.03.006","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:08Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:08Z"}}


key: J226NAWP
data:
  {"key":"J226NAWP","version":513,"data":{"key":"J226NAWP","version":513,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Information to users","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Edward","lastName":"Michael"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"1990","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z"}}


key: NWV5HCBB
data:
  {"key":"NWV5HCBB","version":513,"data":{"key":"NWV5HCBB","version":513,"itemType":"document","title":"Solutions, Transport phenomena","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","name":"Bird"}],"abstractNote":"","publisher":"","date":"","language":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z"}}


key: 8NKZYVLE
data:
  {"key":"8NKZYVLE","version":513,"data":{"key":"8NKZYVLE","version":513,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Spray-combustion interaction mechanism of multiple-injection under diesel engine conditions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Khanh","lastName":"Cung"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Abdul","lastName":"Moiz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jaclyn","lastName":"Johnson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Seong Young","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chol Bum","lastName":"Kweon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alessandro","lastName":"Montanaro"}],"abstractNote":"Multiple-injection has shown significant benefits in the reduction of combustion emissions and soot formation. However, there is a need to understand the secondary flow-induced air-fuel mixture formation and subsequent combustion mechanism under multiple-injection. An experiment was performed by changing the dwell time between the pilot and main injections under the conditions of 23 kg/m3ambient density with 0% O2(non-combusting) and 15% O2(combusting) ambient conditions, at an injection pressure of 120 MPa. The mass ratios of pilot and main injections in the study were 15/85% and 20/80%. A hybrid shadowgraph and Mie scattering imaging technique in a nearly simultaneous mode along the same line of sight was used to visualize the spray and flame luminosity. Pilot-main spray flame properties including ignition delay, ignition location, and lift-off length were characterized from experimental images. CFD simulation of pilot-main spray combustion was performed under the same experimental conditions to provide additional insights into the combustion process. The air-fuel mixing field and ignition process followed by main injection flame structure are significantly altered at different dwells. The spray-to-flame interaction mechanism model has been established for the development of an optimal multiple-injection scheme for, possibly, low soot formation and emissions.","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"35","issue":"3","pages":"3061–3068","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2014.07.054","ISSN":"15407489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.07.054","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 15407489\nPublisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[{"tag":"CONVERGE"},{"tag":"Combustion vessel"},{"tag":"Diesel engine"},{"tag":"Multiple-injection"},{"tag":"Spray combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z"}}


key: CQMCCFEH
data:
  {"key":"CQMCCFEH","version":513,"data":{"key":"CQMCCFEH","version":513,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Mechanistic Analysis of n -Propylcyclohexane and n -Butylcyclohexane Oxidation in Low Temperature Regime","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Julius A","lastName":"Corrubia"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nicholas P","lastName":"Cernansky"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"David L","lastName":"Miller"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–7","date":"","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"low temperature"},{"tag":"mechanistic analysis"},{"tag":"n-butylcyclohexane"},{"tag":"n-propylcyclohexane"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z"}}


key: IABPJ32L
data:
  {"key":"IABPJ32L","version":513,"data":{"key":"IABPJ32L","version":513,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effect of variation in LPG composition on emissions and performance in a dual fuel diesel engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H E","lastName":"Saleh"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"87","issue":"","pages":"3031–3039","date":"2008","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2008.04.007","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z"}}


key: 74SMQZA4
data:
  {"key":"74SMQZA4","version":513,"data":{"key":"74SMQZA4","version":513,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Exhaust gas recirculation effects on flame structure and laminar burning speeds of H 2 / CO / air flames at high pressures and temperatures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Omid","lastName":"Askari"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kevin","lastName":"Vien"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ziyu","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matteo","lastName":"Sirio"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hameed","lastName":"Metghalchi"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Applied Energy","volume":"179","issue":"","pages":"451–462","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.118","ISSN":"0306-2619","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.118","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z"}}


key: 6I4QK9DM
data:
  {"key":"6I4QK9DM","version":513,"data":{"key":"6I4QK9DM","version":513,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Flame Synthesis of Functional Nanoparticles: Droplet and Particle Dynamics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Martin C","lastName":"Heine"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sotiris E","lastName":"Pratsinis"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res","volume":"44","issue":"","pages":"6222–6232","date":"2005","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z"}}


key: PMAH6SME
data:
  {"key":"PMAH6SME","version":513,"data":{"key":"PMAH6SME","version":513,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"An experimental study of injection and spray characteristics of diesel and gasoline blends on a common rail injection system","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Dong","lastName":"Han"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chunhai","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yaozong","lastName":"Duan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhisong","lastName":"Tian"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhen","lastName":"Huang"}],"abstractNote":"The injection and spray characteristics of diesel and gasoline blends are investigated on a common rail injection system. The injection rate, fuel spray evolution process (tip penetration distance, spray cone angle, projected spray area and relative brightness intensity contour) and microscopic droplet features are analyzed. The results show that diesel and gasoline blends have higher volumetric injection rates, earlier starts of injection and shorter injection delays, but little variances are observed in the mass injection rates for different test fuels. Increased gasoline proportion in the test blends causes slightly decreased spray tip penetration distance but increased spray cone angle. Also, more smaller-size droplets are observed in the fuel jet of the diesel and gasoline blends, indicating that the spray breakup and atomization processes are promoted.","publicationTitle":"Energy","volume":"75","issue":"","pages":"513–519","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.energy.2014.08.006","ISSN":"03605442","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.08.006","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Common rail"},{"tag":"Diesel"},{"tag":"Gasoline"},{"tag":"Injection"},{"tag":"Spray"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z"}}


key: 7IV7VKZY
data:
  {"key":"7IV7VKZY","version":512,"data":{"key":"7IV7VKZY","version":512,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"No Title No Title","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"David R.","lastName":"Tobergte"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shirley","lastName":"Curtis"}],"abstractNote":"applicability for this approach.","publicationTitle":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling","volume":"53","issue":"9","pages":"1689–1699","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004","ISSN":"1098-6596","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9788578110796\n_eprint: arXiv:1011.1669v3\nPMID: 25246403","tags":[{"tag":"icle"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z"}}


key: 4W3TBJAT
data:
  {"key":"4W3TBJAT","version":512,"data":{"key":"4W3TBJAT","version":512,"itemType":"book","title":"Direct numerical simulation of homogeneous turbulence in combination with premixed combustion at low Mach number modelled by the","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J M Burgers","lastName":"Centre"}],"abstractNote":"","series":"","seriesNumber":"2006","volume":"565","numberOfVolumes":"","edition":"","place":"","publisher":"","date":"2017","numPages":"25–62","language":"","ISBN":"0-02-211200-6","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"DOI: 10.1017/S0022112006002072","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z"}}


key: 6MJ56THV
data:
  {"key":"6MJ56THV","version":512,"data":{"key":"6MJ56THV","version":512,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A Triangulated Lagrangian Ignition Kernel Model with Detailed Kinetics for Modeling Spark Ignition with the G-Equation-Part I: Geometric Aspects","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F.","lastName":"Perini"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K.","lastName":"Hiraoka"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Y.","lastName":"Oda"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Yuuki"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C.","lastName":"Rutland"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R.","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"© 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved. Modeling ignition kernel development in spark ignition engines is crucial to capturing the sources of cyclic variability, both with RANS and LES simulations. Appropriate kernel modeling must ensure that energy transfer from the electrodes to the gas phase has the correct timing, rate and locations, until the flame surface is large enough to be represented on the mesh by the G-Equation level-set method. However, in most kernel models, geometric details driving kernel growth are missing: either because it is described as Lagrangian particles, or because its development is simplified, i.e., down to multiple spherical flames. This paper covers the geometric aspects of kernel development, which makes up the core of a Triangulated Lagrangian Ignition Kernel model. One (or multiple, if it restrikes) spark channel is initialized as a one-dimensional Lagrangian particle thread. Each channel particle is advected as a Lagrangian tracker plus a turbulent dispersion term, with least-squares field reconstruction to compensate for the lesser mesh resolution. The 1D thread discretization is dynamically updated to stick to the user's resolution request; plus, particles falling into the wall boundary layer are flagged and deactivated, such that actual spark channel can effectively translate along the electrode's surface. Energy transfer to the gas phase is accounted for via direct chemical kinetics integration at each channel particle, added with a time-varying energy source term. Flame kernels can develop at any particle locations: they are initialized as a triangulated icosahedron, and evolved (and merged) as a unique particle-based triangulation, with dynamically enforced resolution, employing the G-Equation formulation directly at the kernel level. Preliminary kernel development tests show that the triangulated geometry implementation allows to capture sub-grid-scale features of the early flame kernel development, which cannot be achieved with the former DPIK model.","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":"2018-April","issue":"","pages":"1–14","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2018-01-0195","ISSN":"01487191","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z"}}


key: P6MC24N3
data:
  {"key":"P6MC24N3","version":512,"data":{"key":"P6MC24N3","version":512,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"An Evaluation of Knock Determination Techniques for Diesel-Natural Gas Dual Fuel Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Amrit","lastName":"Singh"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"David","lastName":"Anderson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mark","lastName":"Hoffman"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zoran","lastName":"Filipi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robert","lastName":"Prucka"}],"abstractNote":"The recent advent of highly effective drilling and extraction technologies has decreased the price of natural gas and renewed interest in its use for transportation. Of particular interest is the conversion of dedicated diesel engines to operate on dual-fuel with natural gas injected into the intake manifold. Dual-fuel systems with natural gas injected into the intake manifold replace a significant portion of diesel fuel energy with natural gas (generally 50% or more by energy content), and produce lower operating costs than diesel-only operation. Diesel-natural gas engines have a high compression ratio and a homogeneous mixture of natural gas and air in the cylinder end gases. These conditions are very favorable for knock at high loads. In the present study, knock prediction concepts that utilize a single step Arrhenius function for diesel-natural gas dual-fuel engines are evaluated. A heavy duty diesel engine with the capability of running both natural gas and diesel is operated at points where knock occurs and the cylinder pressure traces are recorded. Constants of the Arrhenius function for dual-fuel operation are determined empirically based on the cylinder pressure and temperature histories. Several methods for knock prediction and coefficient fitting are evaluated, and their accuracy is compared. Results indicate that Arrhenius integral methods can determine if a cycle will knock with accuracy up to 72% using coefficients similar to those for methane. Introduction","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2014-01-2695.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 2014012695","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:07Z"}}


key: BGLBUU9A
data:
  {"key":"BGLBUU9A","version":512,"data":{"key":"BGLBUU9A","version":512,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The influence of pilot-main injection matching on DI diesel engine combustion using an endoscopic visualization system","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiang Rong","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wei","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Lu Ming","lastName":"Zhao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fu Shui","lastName":"Liu"}],"abstractNote":"Several studies have found that pilot injection enhances the mixture and combustion of the main injection fuel, which effectively improves performance and reduces emission. However, only a few investigations have focused on remediating the negative effect of pilot injection, which is that it restricts the advancement of the split injection. Therefore we study the influence of pilot-main injection matching on the combustion of diesel engines. The experiment was conducted using a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine equipped with a high-pressure common rail system and an endoscopic visualization system. Through the endoscopic visualization method, the effect of pilot injection on mixing, combustion characteristics, and soot formation of the main injection fuel was investigated. The results show that the thermos atmosphere of a pilot injection with the correct parameters (a small pilot ratio and short dwell time) improves the mixture and combustion of the main injection fuel, which shortens the combustion duration. Compared with single injection as well as with split injections with longer dwell times or larger pilot injections, the pilot injection with a small pilot ratio and short dwell time obtained higher thermal efficiency. Also flame temperature peak and soot concentration decreased. For spilt injection with longer dwell time, the TA by pilot injection traversed far away from the main injection, thus not to promote evaporation, mixing, and ignition of the main injection fuel; for spilt injection with larger pilot injection, the TA by pilot injection will constraint the combustion of the main injection fuel, deteriorating mixing and combustion.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"188","issue":"","pages":"575–585","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.069","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.069","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Direct injection (DI) diesel engine"},{"tag":"Endoscopic visualization"},{"tag":"Pilot-main injection interaction"},{"tag":"Split injection"},{"tag":"Thermos atmosphere (TA)"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:06Z"}}


key: WK5MH8WQ
data:
  {"key":"WK5MH8WQ","version":512,"data":{"key":"WK5MH8WQ","version":512,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Thin reaction zone and distributed reaction zone regimes in turbulent premixed methane/air flames: Scalar distributions and correlations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Christian","lastName":"Brackmann"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhenkan","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhongshan","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mattias","lastName":"Richter"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Marcus","lastName":"Aldén"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xue Song","lastName":"Bai"}],"abstractNote":"A series of premixed turbulent methane/air jet flames in the thin reaction zone (TRZ) and distributed reaction zone (DRZ) regimes were studied using simultaneous three-scalar high-resolution imaging measurements, including HCO/OH/CH2O, CH/OH/CH2O, T/OH/CH2O and T/CH/OH/. These scalar fields offer a possibility of revisiting the structures of turbulent premixed flames in different combustion regimes. In particular, CH2O provides a measure of the preheat zone, CH/HCO a measure of the inner layer of the reaction zone, and OH a measure of the oxidation zone. Scalar correlations are analyzed on both single-shot and statistical basis, and resolvable correlated structures of ∼100 µm between scalars are captured. With increasing turbulence intensity, it is shown that the preheat zone and the inner layer of the reaction zone become gradually broadened/distributed, and the correlation between HCO and [OH]LIF×[CH2O]LIFdecreases. A transition from the TRZ regime to the DRZ regime is found around Karlovitz number of 70–100. The physical and chemical effects on the broadening of the flame are investigated. In the TRZ regime the inner layer marker CH and HCO remains thin in general although occasional local broadening of CH/HCO could be observed. Furthermore, there is a significant probability of finding CH and HCO at rather low temperatures even in the TRZ regime. In the DRZ regime, the broadening of CH and HCO are shown to be mainly a result of local reactions facilitated by rapid turbulent transport of radicals and intermediate reactants in the upstream of the reaction paths. Differential diffusion is expected to have an important effect in the DRZ regime, as H radicals seemingly play a more important role than OH radicals.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"175","issue":"","pages":"220–236","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.06.016","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.06.016","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0010-2180\nPublisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Distributed reaction zone regime"},{"tag":"Flame/turbulence interaction"},{"tag":"Multi-scalar imaging"},{"tag":"Scalar correlation"},{"tag":"Thin reaction zone regime"},{"tag":"Turbulent premixed flame structure"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:06Z"}}


key: SS3VR5J4
data:
  {"key":"SS3VR5J4","version":512,"data":{"key":"SS3VR5J4","version":512,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical research on micro diesel spray characteristics under ultra-high injection pressure by Large Eddy Simulation (LES)","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shenghao","lastName":"Yu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bifeng","lastName":"Yin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hekun","lastName":"Jia"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jianda","lastName":"Yu"}],"abstractNote":"The Large Eddy Simulation model was introduced to study the micro spray characteristics under ultra-high injection pressure (\\textgreater220 MPa). EFS8400 spray test platform was set up to verify the accuracy of the numerical model. The mechanisms of micro spray characteristics were studied intensively under different injection pressures (180 MPa, 240 MPa) and nozzle diameters (0.1 mm, 0.16 mm). The results indicated that the micro turbulence vortex structures can be captured, especially in the liquid spray core area. Large Eddy Simulation model combined with the small grid size of 0.25 mm show a huge advantage in studying the micro spray characteristics under ultra-high injection pressure; The turbulence vorticity and spray velocity for injection pressure of 240 MPa are more intensive than that of 180 MPa, and also the ultra-high injection pressure can contribute to strong turbulence disturbance between spray and surrounding air, which is helpful to improve the quality of spray; The spray velocity field extended wider for the diameter of 0.16 mm, and also the values of velocity in the spray center is higher than that of the diameter of 0.1 mm; The entrainment vortex appeared at the edge of the large velocity gradient between spray and surrounding air, and the higher velocity gradient for ultra-high injection pressure (240 MPa) between the spray and air is easier to increase the generation of entrainment vortex in the downstream of the spray, which can significantly increase the quality of spray and atomization.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"64","issue":"","pages":"129–136","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2017.03.003","ISSN":"0142727X","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0142-727X\nPublisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel"},{"tag":"Large Eddy Simulation"},{"tag":"Spray"},{"tag":"Turbulence Vortex"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:06Z"}}


key: VUISLAPZ
data:
  {"key":"VUISLAPZ","version":512,"data":{"key":"VUISLAPZ","version":512,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Characteristics of non-evaporating, evaporating and burning sprays of hydrous ethanol diesel emulsified fuels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tie","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiao Qing","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bin","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tao","lastName":"Guo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Qi","lastName":"Shi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ming","lastName":"Zheng"}],"abstractNote":"Utilization of hydrous ethanol in diesel engines is beneficial not only for reducing the exhaust pollutant emissions but also for improving the lifecycle fuel efficiency including both in engines and refineries. However, so far detailed investigations on spray combustion characteristics of hydrous ethanol diesel emulsified fuels are rarely reported, though this information is crucial in combustion system design for better application of these fuels in diesel engines. In this paper, emulsions of the 20 wt% water-containing ethanol and commercial diesel fuel with volume fraction of the hydrous ethanol varied from 10 to 30% were firstly developed. Then, the physicochemical properties including the mixture stability, density, kinematic viscosity, surface tension, distillation temperature, latent heat of evaporation, etc. were investigated. Finally, the characteristics of non-evaporating, evaporating and burning sprays under the various injection and ambient conditions were clarified with the common-rail fuel injection system and the high-temperature, high-pressure, constant-volume combustion vessel. The results reveal that the difference of the spray cone angle and tip penetration length under either the non-evaporating or evaporating conditions for various fuels are relatively small, while the maximum liquid penetration length in the evaporating spray increases drastically with increased addition of the hydrous ethanol in the emulsions. In the case of burning spray, the natural luminosity of the flame decreases remarkably with the hydrous ethanol increasing, indicating the soot reduction in the flame. This effect becomes more pronounced with the ambient oxygen concentration decreasing. The mechanism of the above phenomena is discussed in depth.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"191","issue":"","pages":"251–265","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.070","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.070","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel engines"},{"tag":"Emulsions"},{"tag":"Fuel property"},{"tag":"Hydrous ethanol"},{"tag":"Spray combustion characteristics"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:06Z"}}


key: U8HUDWIC
data:
  {"key":"U8HUDWIC","version":512,"data":{"key":"U8HUDWIC","version":512,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Development of multi-component diesel surrogate fuel models - Part I: Validation of reduced mechanisms of diesel fuel constituents in 0-D kinetic simulations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hiew Mun","lastName":"Poon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kar Mun","lastName":"Pang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hoon Kiat","lastName":"Ng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Suyin","lastName":"Gan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jesper","lastName":"Schramm"}],"abstractNote":"In the present work, development and validation of reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms for several different hydrocarbons are performed. These hydrocarbons are potential representative for practical diesel fuel constituents. n-Hexadecane (HXN), 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (HMN), cyclohexane (CHX) and toluene are selected to represent straight-alkane, branched-alkane, cyclo-alkane and aromatic compounds in the diesel fuel. A five-stage chemical kinetic mechanism reduction scheme formulated in the previous work is applied to develop the reduced HMN and CHX models based on their respective detailed mechanisms. Alongside with the development of the reduced CHX model, a skeletal toluene sub-mechanism is constructed since the elementary reactions for toluene are subset of the detailed CHX mechanism. The final reduced HMN mechanism comprises 89 species with 319 elementary reactions, while the final reduced CHX mechanism which includes the toluene sub-mechanism consists of 80 species with 287 elementary reactions. Both reduced models are approximately 92% smaller than their respective detailed models in terms of total number of species and elementary reactions. Following that, both the newly developed fuel constituent reduced mechanisms, together with the formerly derived reduced HXN mechanism are comprehensively validated in zero-dimensional chemical kinetic simulations under a wide range of shock tube and jet-stirred reactor (JSR) conditions. Well agreement between the reduced and detailed mechanisms is achieved for ignition delay (ID) and species concentration predictions under both auto-ignition and JSR conditions, with a maximum relative error of 40%. In addition, the reduced models are further validated against the JSR experimental results for each diesel fuel constituents. The surrogate models are able to reasonably reproduce the experimental species concentration profiles in view of their simplified fuel chemistries. Deviations within one order of magnitude in the absolute values are recorded between the computations and measurements. Validation of these reduced models for each diesel fuel constituents in this work serves as a prerequisite for constructing a multi-component diesel surrogate fuel model. The compact yet accurate chemical models proposed here aid to reduce the chemistry size of the final multi-component diesel surrogate model such that it remains computationally efficient when it is incorporated with multi-dimensional CFD simulations. The reduced mechanism of each fuel constituent can also be used individually for other CFD applications.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"180","issue":"","pages":"433–441","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.04.043","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.04.043","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Aromatics"},{"tag":"Branched-alkanes"},{"tag":"Cyclo-alkanes"},{"tag":"Diesel fuel"},{"tag":"Mechanism reduction"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:06Z"}}


key: R4V92C59
data:
  {"key":"R4V92C59","version":512,"data":{"key":"R4V92C59","version":512,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Diesel and Gasoline Combustion Modelling with TIF and Level Set","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Richard","lastName":"Johns"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"David","lastName":"Gosman"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:06Z"}}


key: 6LQ25RW5
data:
  {"key":"6LQ25RW5","version":511,"data":{"key":"6LQ25RW5","version":511,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A jet-stirred chamber for combustion in homogeneous , isotropic , near-zero mean flow turbulence .","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Abbasali A","lastName":"Davani"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Paul D","lastName":"Ronney"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"fan-stirred"},{"tag":"jet-stirred reactor"},{"tag":"rans"},{"tag":"reynolds stress"},{"tag":"turbulent combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:06Z"}}


key: EF8SGQNT
data:
  {"key":"EF8SGQNT","version":511,"data":{"key":"EF8SGQNT","version":511,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A simplified model on carbon monoxide yield in burning of polymeric solids containing flame retardants","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Haiqing","lastName":"Guo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Richard E.","lastName":"Lyon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Natallia","lastName":"Safronava"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Richard N.","lastName":"Walters"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sean","lastName":"Crowley"}],"abstractNote":"Recent advances in Microscale Combustion Calorimetry (MCC) allow polymeric solids to be pyrolyzed and oxidized separately at the milligram scale, and the combustion gases, O2, CO, and CO2to be measured using in-line gas analyzers. A simplified two-step reaction mechanism, which involves a CO generation step and a CO oxidation step, was developed to better describe the chemical reaction scheme that generates/oxidizes these products within the premixed combustor. Different incomplete combustion conditions were attained by varying the MCC combustor temperature and a numerical model of the combustor was developed to simulate the species evolution. Kinetics parameters were found by minimizing the errors in fitting the simulated results with the experiments. The two-step method was employed to examine halogen- and phosphorous-containing polymers of known compositions. The halogen additives were found to decrease gas phase reaction rate, whereas the phosphorous additives do not show significant effect. In cone calorimeter fire tests, both additives inhibit combustion efficiency by promoting soot formation.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"222","issue":"Mcc","pages":"175–179","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.101","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Carbon monoxide"},{"tag":"Flame retardant"},{"tag":"Microscale combustion calorimeter"},{"tag":"Polymer"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:06Z"}}


key: 4A6D5I5B
data:
  {"key":"4A6D5I5B","version":511,"data":{"key":"4A6D5I5B","version":511,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Induced by Straining of Cellular Flow","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jack","lastName":"Xin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yifeng","lastName":"Yu"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"214","issue":"","pages":"1–34","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:06Z"}}


key: YESG7A3T
data:
  {"key":"YESG7A3T","version":511,"data":{"key":"YESG7A3T","version":511,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effect of wall heat transfer on shock-tube test temperature at long times","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C.","lastName":"Frazier"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M.","lastName":"Lamnaouer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"E.","lastName":"Divo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Kassab"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"E.","lastName":"Petersen"}],"abstractNote":"When performing chemical kinetics experiments behind reflected shock waves at conditions of lower temperature (\\textless 1,000 K), longer test times on the order of 10-20 ms may be required. The integrity of the test temperature during such experiments may be in question, because heat loss to the tube walls may play a larger role than is generally seen in shock-tube kinetics experiments that are over within a millisecond or two. A series of detailed calculations was performed to estimate the effect of longer test times on the temperature uniformity of the post-shock test gas. Assuming the main mode of heat transfer is conduction between the high-temperature gas and the colder shock-tube walls, a comprehensive set of calculations covering a range of conditions including test temperatures between 800 and 1,800 K, pressures between 1 and 50 atm, driven-tube inner diameters between 3 and 16.2 cm, and test gases of N(2) and Ar was performed. Based on the results, heat loss to the tube walls does not significantly reduce the area-averaged temperature behind the reflected shock wave for test conditions that are likely to be used in shock-tube studies for test times up to 20 ms (and higher), provided the shock-tube inner diameter is sufficiently large (\\textgreater 8cm). Smaller diameters on the order of 3 cm or less can experience significant temperature loss near the reflected-shock region. Although the area-averaged gas temperature decreases due to the heat loss, the main core region remains spatially uniform so that the zone of temperature change is limited to only the thermal layer adjacent to the walls. Although the heat conduction model assumes the gas and wall to behave as solid bodies, resulting in a core gas temperature that remains constant at the initial temperature, a two-zone gas model that accounts for density loss from the core to the colder thermal layer indicates that the core temperature and gas pressure both decrease slightly with time. A full CFD solution of the shock-tube flow field and heat transfer at long test times was also performed for one typical condition (800 K, 1 atm, Ar), the results of which indicate that the simpler analytical conduction model is realistic but somewhat conservative in that it over predicts the mean temperature loss by a few Kelvins. This paper presents the first comprehensive study on the effects of long test times on the average test gas temperature behind the reflected shock wave for conditions representative of chemical kinetics experiments.","publicationTitle":"Shock Waves","volume":"21","issue":"1","pages":"1–17","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1007/s00193-010-0282-y","ISSN":"09381287","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0938-1287","tags":[{"tag":"CFD"},{"tag":"Chemical kinetics"},{"tag":"Driver gas tailoring"},{"tag":"Heat transfer"},{"tag":"Shock tube"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z"}}


key: GQRJKQVJ
data:
  {"key":"GQRJKQVJ","version":511,"data":{"key":"GQRJKQVJ","version":511,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Near-Nozzle Structure of Diesel Sprays Affected by Internal Geometry of Injector Nozzle: Visualized by Single-Shot X-ray Imaging","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zunping","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kyoung-Su","lastName":"Im"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yuejie","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kamel","lastName":"Fezzaa"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jin","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xing-Bin","lastName":"Xie"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ming Chia","lastName":"Lai"}],"abstractNote":"By taking advantage of high-intensity and high-brilliance x-ray beams available at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), ultrafast (150 ps) propagation-based phase-enhanced imaging was developed to visualize high-pressure high-speed diesel sprays in the optically dense near-nozzle region. The sub-ns temporal and μm spatial resolution allows us to capture the morphology of the high-speed fuel sprays traveling at 500 m/s with a negligible motion blur. Both quality and quantitative information about the spray feature can be readily obtained. In the experiment, two types of single-hole nozzles have been used, one with a hydroground orifice inlet and the other with a sharp one. Within 3 mm from the nozzle, the sprays from these nozzles behave differently, ranging from laminar flow with surface instability waves to turbulent flow. The sprays are correlated with the nozzle internal geometry, which provides practical information for both nozzle design and supporting numerical simulation models. The nozzle internal structure is also imaged by the x-ray phase-contrast method. The measured nozzle internal geometry was used to predict cavitation inside the orifice through a numerical simulation. The simulation demonstrates that cavitation generated at the sharp inlet is responsible for the cavitating spray from the nozzle.","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0877","volume":"","issue":"2010","pages":"","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2010-01-0877","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z"}}


key: HM285SSI
data:
  {"key":"HM285SSI","version":511,"data":{"key":"HM285SSI","version":511,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Regime classification of an exothermic reaction with nonuniform initial conditions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ya.B.","lastName":"Zeldovich"}],"abstractNote":"The initial (t = 0) temperature distribution in a reacting mixture enables one to calculate the induction period ti to the adiabatic explosion in each particle of the mixture. Isosurfaces ti(x,y,z) = t give the location of the explosion front at the moment ti if no physical interaction of adjacent layers occurs; the inverse gradient of the induction period | grad ti |−1 determines the propagation velocity of the intensive reaction zone. The comparison of this rate with the rate of normal flame propagation and the Chapman-Jouguet detonation speed enables conclusions to be drawn about the effects of heat conductivity or substance movement on chemical reaction under given initial conditions.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"39","issue":"2","pages":"211–214","date":"1980-10","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/0010-2180(80)90017-6","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0010218080900176?via{\\%}3Dihub","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z"}}


key: 66SZGDNH
data:
  {"key":"66SZGDNH","version":511,"data":{"key":"66SZGDNH","version":511,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Integration of a Continuous Multi-Component Fuel Evaporation Model with an Improved G-Equation Combustion and Detailed Chemical Kinetics Model with Application to GDI Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shiyou","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"A continuous multi-component fuel evaporation model has been integrated with an improved G-equation combustion and detailed chemical kinetics model. The integrated code has been successfully used to simulate a gasoline direct injection engine. In the multi-component fuel model, the theory of continuous thermodynamics is used to model the properties and composition of multicomponent fuels such as gasoline. In the improved Gequation combustion model a flamelet approach based on the G-equation is used that considers multicomponent fuel effects. To precisely calculate the local and instantaneous residual which has a great effect on the laminar flame speed, a transport equation residual model is used. A Damkohler number criterion is used to determine the combustion mode in flame containing cells. To consider the change of local fuel vapor mixture composition, a PRF adaptive method is proposed that formulates a relationship between the fuel vapor mixture PRF number (or Octane number) and the fuel vapor mixture composition based on the mean molecular weight and variance of the fuel vapor mixture composition in each cell. The laminar flame speed has been updated to consider multi-component fuel effects, as a function of pressure, temperature, equivalence ratio, residual, and fuel vapor mixture PRF number. To model the chemistry process in the unburned region in front of the flame and in burned regions behind the flame, a recently developed PRF mechanism is used to describe the multi-component fuel mixture. Simulations of the vaporization of a single droplet with a single-component fuel (iso-octane) are compared with multi-component fuel cases. The vaporization of a spray of multi-component fuel injected into a chamber is simulated for both normal and flash-boiling conditions. The new PRF mechanism is validated against shock tube data. In addition, gasoline direct injection engine combustion is simulated at different manifold absolute pressures, different end-offuel injection timings, and different spark ignition timings. The simulated in-cylinder pressures and heat release rates are compared with experiment data and good agreements are found.","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper Series","volume":"","issue":"2009-01-0722","pages":"–01–0722","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2009-01-0722","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z"}}


key: PRYMTC94
data:
  {"key":"PRYMTC94","version":511,"data":{"key":"PRYMTC94","version":511,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Characterization of thermal degradation behavior for polymers containing reactive flame retardants : Application to glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66 blended with red phosphorous","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yan","lastName":"Ding"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stanislav I","lastName":"Stoliarov"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Roland H","lastName":"Kraemer"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"Mcc","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"inverse modeling"},{"tag":"material flammability"},{"tag":"pyrolysis"},{"tag":"thermal analysis"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z"}}


key: MEG67R5X
data:
  {"key":"MEG67R5X","version":511,"data":{"key":"MEG67R5X","version":511,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Accurate and Dynamic Accounting of Fuel Composition in Flame Propagation During Engine Simulations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Karthik V","lastName":"Puduppakkam"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Cheng","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Devin","lastName":"Hodgson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chitralkumar","lastName":"Naik"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ellen","lastName":"Meeks"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0597.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z"}}


key: WCJG53NG
data:
  {"key":"WCJG53NG","version":510,"data":{"key":"WCJG53NG","version":510,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Analysis of the evaporation and the condensation coefficient of water","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R","lastName":"Marek"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J","lastName":"Straub"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"44","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2001","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"condensation"},{"tag":"evaporation"},{"tag":"phase change"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z"}}


key: VWUHMDQ4
data:
  {"key":"VWUHMDQ4","version":510,"data":{"key":"VWUHMDQ4","version":510,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Comparison of CFD analysis to empirical data in a commercial vortex tube","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H. M.","lastName":"Skye"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"G. F.","lastName":"Nellis"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S. a.","lastName":"Klein"}],"abstractNote":"This paper presents a comparison between the performance predicted by a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model and experimental measurements taken using a commercially available vortex tube. Specifically, the measured exit temperatures into and out of the vortex tube are compared with the CFD model. The data and the model are both verified using global mass and energy balances. The CFD model is a two-dimensional (2D) steady axisymmetric model (with swirl) that utilizes both the standard and renormalization group (RNG) k-epsilon turbulence models. While CFD has been used previously to understand the fluid behavior internal to the vortex tube, it has not been applied as a predictive model of the vortex tube in order to develop a design tool that can be used with confidence over a range of operating conditions and geometries. The objective of this paper is the demonstration of the successful use of CFD in this regard, thereby providing a powerful tool that can be used to optimize vortex tube design as well as assess its utility in the context of new applications. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Refrigeration","volume":"29","issue":"1","pages":"71–80","date":"2006","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2005.05.004","ISSN":"01407007","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0140-7007","tags":[{"tag":"Comparison"},{"tag":"Computational fluid dynamics"},{"tag":"Experiment"},{"tag":"Modelling"},{"tag":"Vortex tube"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z"}}


key: ACI6FHT4
data:
  {"key":"ACI6FHT4","version":510,"data":{"key":"ACI6FHT4","version":510,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Microscopic imaging of the initial stage of diesel spray formation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Cyril","lastName":"Crua"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Morgan R.","lastName":"Heikal"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Martin R.","lastName":"Gold"}],"abstractNote":"Detailed measurements of near-nozzle spray formation are essential to better understand and predict the physical processes involved in diesel fuel atomisation. We used long-range microscopy to investigate the primary atomisation of diesel, biodiesel and kerosene fuels in the near-nozzle region, both at atmospheric and realistic engine conditions. High spatial and temporal resolutions allowed a detailed observation of the very emergence of fuel from the nozzle orifice. The fluid that first exited the nozzle resembled mushroom-like structures, as occasionally reported by other researchers for atmospheric conditions, with evidence of interfacial shearing instabilities and stagnation points. We captured the dynamics of this phenomenon using an ultra-fast framing camera with frame rates up to 5 million images per second, and identified these structures as residual fluid trapped in the orifice between injections. The residual fluid has an internal vortex ring motion which results in a slipstream effect that can propel a microscopic ligament of liquid fuel ahead. We showed that this mechanism is not limited to laboratory setups, and that it occurs for diesel fuels injected at engine-like conditions with production injectors. Our findings confirm that fuel can remain trapped in the injector holes after the end of injection. Although we could not measure the hydrocarbon content of the trapped vapourised fluid, we observed that its density was lower than that of the liquid fuel, but higher than that of the in-cylinder gas. We conclude that high-fidelity numerical models should not assume in their initial conditions that the sac and orifices of fuel injectors are filled with in-cylinder gas. Instead, our observations suggest that the nozzle holes should be considered partially filled with a dense fluid.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"157","issue":"","pages":"140–150","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.04.041","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.04.041","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel sprays"},{"tag":"Microscopy"},{"tag":"Ultra-fast framing video"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z"}}


key: 75CH3HYM
data:
  {"key":"75CH3HYM","version":510,"data":{"key":"75CH3HYM","version":510,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Ignition Delay Measurements of Straight Run Naphtha","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohammed","lastName":"Alabbad"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gani","lastName":"Issayev"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Binod","lastName":"Giri"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jihad","lastName":"Badra"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alex","lastName":"Voice"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tom","lastName":"Tzanetakis"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Khalil","lastName":"Djebbi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Malik","lastName":"Abdulwahab"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ahfaz","lastName":"Ahmed"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mani","lastName":"Sarathy"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Aamir","lastName":"Farooq"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"April","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"ignition delay"},{"tag":"naphtha"},{"tag":"rapid compression machine"},{"tag":"shock tube"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z"}}


key: 6RN8M4VC
data:
  {"key":"6RN8M4VC","version":510,"data":{"key":"6RN8M4VC","version":510,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Film condensation heat transfer on a horizontal tube in presence of a noncondensable gas","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"G H","lastName":"Tang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H W","lastName":"Hu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Z N","lastName":"Zhuang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"W Q","lastName":"Tao"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"36","issue":"","pages":"414–425","date":"2012","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.10.058","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:05Z"}}


key: DS4JRW2H
data:
  {"key":"DS4JRW2H","version":510,"data":{"key":"DS4JRW2H","version":510,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental and kinetic modeling study of trans- methyl 2- octenoate oxidation using reaction rate rules from alkanes","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kuiwen","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Casimir","lastName":"Togbé"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Philippe","lastName":"Dagaut"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"William","lastName":"Pitz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Scott","lastName":"Wagnon"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"jet-stirred reactor"},{"tag":"kinetic"},{"tag":"methyl 2-octenoate"},{"tag":"oxidation"},{"tag":"unsaturated ester"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:04Z"}}


key: DZJ3KNR3
data:
  {"key":"DZJ3KNR3","version":510,"data":{"key":"DZJ3KNR3","version":510,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Self-ignition scenarios after rapid compression of a turbulent mixture weakly-stratified in temperature","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Guillaume","lastName":"Lodier"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Cindy","lastName":"Merlin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Pascale","lastName":"Domingo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Luc","lastName":"Vervisch"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fr??d??ric","lastName":"Ravet"}],"abstractNote":"Turbulence and combustion inside a compression machine, experimentally studied by Guibert et al. [Flow Turbulence and Combust. 84(1): 79-85, 2010], are simulated to get some insight on flow-physics and ignition scenarios of a reactive-gas mixture pushed by a piston through a turbulence-grid, to be compressed in a 55 cubic-centimeter volume. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) with a structured-mesh solver and immersed boundaries are first performed for an inert mixture undergoing the compression, to validate the simulation procedure against experimental results. Then, keeping the flow admission-sequence the same, but downsizing its geometry, a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) analysis of the compression/ignition sequence is reported. Simulation parameters are varied for ignition to occur in mixtures featuring various temperature stratification patterns, due to wall cooling and turbulence characteristics. As previously discussed in the literature, conditions favoring spotty- or homogeneous-ignition are evidenced. Depending on characteristic times (coherent structure residence time, flow engulfment and mixing times) ignition may occur within localized compression zones, between vortical structures leading to spotty-ignition, or more homogeneously within large scale flow structures. Very small differences in local temperature and flow topology appear to lead to different routes toward successful auto-ignition. The underlying mechanisms are analyzed from an internal energy budget expressed as a temperature balance equation, to delineate between the contribution of the global adiabatic compression and localized flow divergence induced by turbulence velocity fluctuations. After primary ignition, the propagation phase of ignition is strongly influenced by the acoustic field and the specific temperature scalar dissipation-rate patterns. It is also shown that three-dimensional vortex stretching plays a crucial role, hence two and three-dimensional DNS lead to different ignition scenarios under similar chemical and turbulence intensity conditions. ?? 2012 The Combustion Institute.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"159","issue":"11","pages":"3358–3371","date":"2012","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.07.006","ISSN":"00102180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.07.006","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0010-2180\nPublisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"Direct numerical simulation"},{"tag":"Ignition"},{"tag":"Large eddy simulation"},{"tag":"Rapid compression"},{"tag":"Stratified mixture"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:04Z"}}


key: LZWSVLKS
data:
  {"key":"LZWSVLKS","version":510,"data":{"key":"LZWSVLKS","version":510,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The Influence of Stoichiometric Mixture Fraction on Extinction of Laminar , Nonpremixed DME Flame","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Martin","lastName":"Hunyadi-gall"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–5","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:04Z"}}


key: 8YET9I7U
data:
  {"key":"8YET9I7U","version":510,"data":{"key":"8YET9I7U","version":510,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Laminar burning velocities at high pressure for primary reference fuels and gasoline: Experimental and numerical investigation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S.","lastName":"Jerzembeck"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N.","lastName":"Peters"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P.","lastName":"Pepiot-Desjardins"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H.","lastName":"Pitsch"}],"abstractNote":"Spherical flames of n-heptane, iso-octane, PRF 87 and gasoline/air mixtures are experimentally investigated to determine laminar burning velocities and Markstein lengths under engine-relevant conditions by using the constant volume bomb method. Data are obtained for an initial temperature of 373 K, equivalence ratios varying from ϕ{symbol} = 0.7 to ϕ{symbol} = 1.2, and initial pressures from 10 to 25 bar. To track the flame front in the vessel a dark field He-Ne laser Schlieren measurement technique and digital image processing were used. The propagating speed with respect to the burned gases and the stretch rate are determined from the rate of change of the flame radius. The laminar burning velocities are obtained through a linear extrapolation to zero stretch. The experimentally determined Markstein numbers are compared to theoretical predictions. A reduced chemical kinetic mechanism for n-heptane and iso-octane was derived from the Lawrence Livermore comprehensive mechanisms. This mechanism was validated for ignition delay times and flame propagation at low and high pressures. In summary an overall good agreement with the various experimental data sets used in the validation was obtained. © 2008 The Combustion Institute.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"156","issue":"2","pages":"292–301","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.11.009","ISSN":"00102180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.11.009","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0010-2180\nPublisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Gasoline"},{"tag":"Laminar burning velocities"},{"tag":"Primary reference fuels"},{"tag":"Reduced kinetic mechanisms"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:04Z"}}


key: 85BVM424
data:
  {"key":"85BVM424","version":510,"data":{"key":"85BVM424","version":510,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental Analysis of Diesel-Ignited Methane Dual-Fuel Low-Temperature Combustion in a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mostafa S","lastName":"Raihan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Edward S","lastName":"Guerry"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Umang","lastName":"Dwivedi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kalyan Kumar","lastName":"Srinivasan"}],"abstractNote":"Abstract: This paper focuses on the effect of diesel injection timing, intake boost pressure, and diesel injection pressure on diesel-methane dual-fuel combustion performed in a single-cylinder research engine. The engine was operated at a constant speed of 1,500 revolutions per minute (rpm) while percentage of methane energy substitution (PES) and load were maintained at 80% and 5.1 bar net indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), respectively. The start of injection (SOI) of diesel was varied from 250 crank angle degrees (CAD) to 350 CAD while keeping the injection pressure at 500 bar and intake boost pressure at 1.5 bar. Advancing SOI from 330° to 300° reduced indicated specific NOx (ISNOx) emissions from 11.9 g=kW · h to less than 0.02 g=kW · h; further advancement of SOI did not yield any significant ISNOx reduction. Net indicated fuel conversion efficiency (IFCE) increases from 29.4% at 350 CAD SOI to 40.5% at 300 CAD SOI. Combustion efficiency trends are consistent with unburned hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission trends. Moreover, smoke emissions were lower than 0.1 filter smoke number (FSN) for all SOIs. A diesel injection pressure sweep from 200 to 1,300 bar at 300 CAD SOI showed that very low injection pressures lead to apparently more heterogeneous combustion and higher ISNOx, indicated specific CO (ISCO), and indicated specific HC (ISHC) emissions, whereas smoke, IFCE, and combustion efficiency remained unaffected. An injection pressure of approximately 500 bar appeared to be optimal for early SOIs. Finally, an intake boost pressure sweep from 1.1 to 1.8 bar at 300 CAD SOI and 500 bar injection pressure showed that ISNOx and smoke remained fairly low at all conditions (ISNOx \\textless 0.15 g=kW · h; smoke \\textless 0.1 FSN); however, increasing boost pressure resulted in an increase in both ISHC and ISCO emissions while combustion efficiency and IFCE were reduced. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000235. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.","publicationTitle":"journal of energy engineering","volume":"4014007","issue":"13","pages":"1–13","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000235.","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:04Z"}}


key: 3UZXZAMT
data:
  {"key":"3UZXZAMT","version":509,"data":{"key":"3UZXZAMT","version":509,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental characterization of closely coupled split isooctane sprays under flash boiling conditions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ziman","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tawfik","lastName":"Badawy"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yizhou","lastName":"Jiang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hongming","lastName":"Xu"}],"abstractNote":"The characteristics of isooctane spray in the near field and far field were experimentally studied under various flash boiling conditions representing both low load and high load hot engine operation conditions. Closely coupled split injection strategy was also employed to study the influence of flash boiling on the primary breakup of split injections and the interaction between split injections. It was found that flash boiling considerably boosted the spray atomization, especially during the end of injection stage when a large amount of liquid fuel with low speed was observed. The interaction between split injections in liquid phase was significantly weakened under flash boiling condition due to the enhanced atomization but the interaction in gaseous phase was boosted because of the resultant quicker evaporation. The effect of dwell interval on the spray behavior under flash boiling condition was profound, causing significant variation for the delivered fuel mass and spray characteristics.","publicationTitle":"Applied Energy","volume":"193","issue":"","pages":"199–209","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.02.009","ISSN":"03062619","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.02.009","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Flash boiling"},{"tag":"Primary breakup"},{"tag":"Split injection"},{"tag":"Spray"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:04Z"}}


key: 2D4CRIMY
data:
  {"key":"2D4CRIMY","version":509,"data":{"key":"2D4CRIMY","version":509,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effects of in-Cylinder Bulk Flow and Methane Supply Strategies on Charge Stratification , Combustion and Emissions of a Dual-Fuel DI Diesel Engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Antonio P","lastName":"Carlucci"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Domenico","lastName":"Laforgia"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Roberto","lastName":"Saracino"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2009-01-0949","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 2009010949","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:04Z"}}


key: UKERAIAT
data:
  {"key":"UKERAIAT","version":509,"data":{"key":"UKERAIAT","version":509,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"An Experimental and Computational Investigation of Water Condensation inside the Tubes of an Automotive Compact Charge Air Cooler","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robin Y","lastName":"Cash"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Edward","lastName":"Lumsdaine"}],"abstractNote":"To address the need of increasing fuel economy requirements, automotive Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) are increasing the number of turbocharged engines in their powertrain line-ups. The turbine-driven technology uses a forced induction device, which increases engine performance by increasing the density of the air charge being drawn into the cylinder. Denser air allows more fuel to be introduced into the combustion chamber, thus increasing engine performance. During the inlet air compression process, the air is heated to temperatures that can result in pre- ignition resulting and reduced engine functionality. The introduction of the charge air cooler (CAC) is therefore, necessary to extract heat created during the compression process. The present research describes the physics and develops the optimized simulation method that defines the process and gives insight into the development of CACs. The present research develops a 3-D computational model using ANSYS® Fluent of the CAC internal flow with condensate and validates the predictions of the 3-D model using measurements from experimental data. Finally, the research presents a correlation that provides an approach for designing heat exchangers for practical applications that encounter moisture in the intake air stream. The overall benefit presented is an experimentally validated simulation methodology to evaluate and design CACs that function outside the condensate formation zone during vehicle operation modes","date":"2016","proceedingsTitle":"SAE 2016 world congress","conferenceName":"","place":"","publisher":"","volume":"","pages":"","series":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0224.","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:04Z"}}


key: YHYF2MC2
data:
  {"key":"YHYF2MC2","version":509,"data":{"key":"YHYF2MC2","version":509,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Structure of evaporating single- and multicomponent fuel sprays for 2nd generation gasoline direct injection","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L.","lastName":"Zigan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"I.","lastName":"Schmitz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Fl??gel"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M.","lastName":"Wensing"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Leipertz"}],"abstractNote":"In the present paper the effect of fuel properties on spray formation and evaporation was investigated for a hollow-cone spray of a piezoelectric injector for Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) engines. Late injection timing in a high-pressure atmosphere (1.5 MPa, 200 ??C) was simulated in an injection chamber. Liquid and vapor phase structure of the hollow-cone spray were studied with 2D-Mie scattering, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) as well as phase-Doppler anemometry (PDA). The spray structure was investigated for several alkanes with high and low volatility (n-hexane, n-heptane, iso-octane, n-decane) and a three-component mixture of the n-alkanes with similar fuel properties like a multicomponent gasoline fuel. It is found that the rapid evaporation of high volatility fuels can lead to spray destabilization, whereas low volatility single-component fuels overestimate radial spray propagation and vortex formation. For iso-octane the droplet size distribution is shifted to smaller droplets and the spray appeared to be less dense compared to n-heptane despite almost identical boiling behavior. However, the much higher viscosity of iso-octane determines the internal nozzle flow which results in a reduced injected fuel mass and changed atomization. A well defined three-component fuel models the global spray characteristics as well as the droplet size, droplet momentum distribution and evaporation behavior of the used multicomponent gasoline fuel very precisely. Small amounts of low volatility fractions delay the droplet evaporation and support the overall spray stability also for multicomponent mixtures. This leads to an increased spray width as well as larger droplet sizes and momenta. The evaporation characteristic of multicomponent fuels at increased ambient pressure is complex. At the studied injection conditions it is situated between the two limiting cases of distillation-like behavior and coevaporation of the components. Moreover, the results in comparison with theoretical estimations indicate a demixing of light and heavy boiling fractions in the three-component and multicomponent fuel under conditions which are typical for DISI strategies with late injection. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"90","issue":"1","pages":"348–363","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2010.08.001","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.08.001","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Atomization"},{"tag":"Evaporation"},{"tag":"Gasoline direct injection"},{"tag":"Multicomponent fuels"},{"tag":"Spray structure"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:04Z"}}


key: JUFHCMZI
data:
  {"key":"JUFHCMZI","version":509,"data":{"key":"JUFHCMZI","version":509,"itemType":"thesis","title":"Optimally reduced reaction mechanisms for Internal Combustion Engines running on biofuels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Federico","lastName":"Perini"}],"abstractNote":"Research for new combustion concepts for internal combustion engines has been made possible in recent years by the adoption of CFD codes which are capable of computing complete reaction mechanisms, as current pollutant regulations are leading to an increasing need for accurate predictions of the spatial distribution and time evolution of species within the combustion chamber. However, the adoption of full or detailed reaction mechanisms in multi-dimensional studies is still too computationally demanding, and the development of accurate reduced mechanisms is of fundamental importance for mantaining the predictive capabilities of the simulations. In this context, research is urged by the need for finding adequate substitutes to petroleum-based fuels for the transportation sector of the near future. Biofuels, such as bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel currently seem to be suitable for gradually being introduced as additives to traditional hydrocarbon fuels, and then to fully substitute them, to contribute to a viable and environmentally sustainable alternative to oil. The present work introduces a novel approach for the automatic development of reduced reaction mechanisms for biofuels' combustion, with the aim of generating reaction mechanisms which can be efficiently adopted for engine simulations with detailed chemistry. $\\backslash$$\\backslash$ First of all, efforts have been devoted to the development of a new computer code for the computationally efficient solution of detailed chemistry in the simulation of combustion systems. The software has been coded as a package for the estimation of finite-rate chemical kinetics in zero dimensional batch reactors and internal combustion engines. All the routines have been developed in a fully vectorized fashion, for maximum computational efficiency. The performance of the code has been compared adopting different ODE solvers, showing robustness and computational efficiency. Finally, the code has been coupled with KIVA-4, well-known CFD tool for the simulation of internal combustion engines, and parallelised adopting a shared memory paradigm. $\\backslash$$\\backslash$ Performance of the solution of the chemistry ODE system has then been improved through the study of a novel explicit ODE solver, exploiting time scale separation. The solution of the reacting environment is carried out according to the assumption that, if the time integration interval is small enough, a linear analysis can yield accurate predictions of the characteristic times of each species, and thus the evolution of each of them can be stopped after its estimated expiration time. This method thus significantly reduces the stiffness of the ODE system, and allows a significant reduction in total computational times, if compared to the more commonly used implicit integration approach, which cannot exploit its potential if bounded by strict integration timesteps (as happening during CFD simulations, where the fluid-dynamic timestep usually rules over the chemistry source terms).$\\backslash$$\\backslash$ Once that all the numerical tools have been validated and tested, the mechanism reduction procedure has been set up as an iterative algorithm, with the aim of gradually reducing the number of species involved in the mechanism, while still mantaining its predictiveness in terms of not only ignition delay times, but also the time evolution of important species. In particular, a global error function is defined taking into account a set of ignition delay calculations at different, engine-relevant, initial mixture compositions, temperatures and pressures. The choice of the species to be deleted is performed exploiting the element flux analysis method; when a global error function of the reduced mechanism exceeds the required accuracy, the collision frequencies and activation energies of selected reactions are corrected by means of a GA-based code. The results show that significantly smaller, accurate reaction mechanisms can be automatically generated and applicated to internal combustion engine simulations. Further research needs to be devoted to the development of skeletal, multi-component reaction mechanisms for allowing new combustion concepts such as multi-fuel combustion and reactivity-controlled combustion to be explored.","thesisType":"PhD Thesis","university":"Università diModena e Reggio Emilia","place":"","date":"2011","numPages":"","language":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://www.himech-phdschool.unimore.it/site/home/download/tesi-di-dottorato/documento92016812.html","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Biofuels"},{"tag":"Chemical Kinetics"},{"tag":"Genetic Algorithms"},{"tag":"I"},{"tag":"chemical mechanism reduction"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z"}}


key: 3BHWVFHL
data:
  {"key":"3BHWVFHL","version":509,"data":{"key":"3BHWVFHL","version":509,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Meta-models for Ignition Delay Times with Applications to Surrogate Fuel Mixture Generation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Russell A","lastName":"Whitesides"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matthew J","lastName":"Mcnenly"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"2–7","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"kinetics"},{"tag":"surrogate fuels"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z"}}


key: Y4CSSR2Z
data:
  {"key":"Y4CSSR2Z","version":509,"data":{"key":"Y4CSSR2Z","version":509,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Atomistic scale investigation of PAH curvature effects on soot oxidation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Abhishek","lastName":"Jain"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Adri C T Van","lastName":"Duin"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"molecular dynamics"},{"tag":"polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons"},{"tag":"reaxff"},{"tag":"soot oxidation"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z"}}


key: WTDJ3LSA
data:
  {"key":"WTDJ3LSA","version":509,"data":{"key":"WTDJ3LSA","version":509,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Microscopic investigation of the atomization and mixing processes of diesel sprays injected into high pressure and temperature environments","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J.","lastName":"Manin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M.","lastName":"Bardi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L. M.","lastName":"Pickett"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R. N.","lastName":"Dahms"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J. C.","lastName":"Oefelein"}],"abstractNote":"Atomization and mixing of sprays are key parameters to successfully describe and predict combustion in direct-injection engines. Understanding these processes at the conditions most relevant to engines (high pressures and temperatures) is of primary interest. The present work investigates the atomization and mixing processes of sprays injected into environments with progressively higher pressure and temperature. An Engine Combustion Network Spray A single-hole injector is used to inject n-dodecane fuel into an optically accessible combustion chamber. High-speed imaging is performed using long-distance microscopy and diffused back-illumination to resolve ligament structures and droplets in the near-nozzle region. A unique aspect of this study is the application of high-speed imaging of sprays in the near-field under realistic diesel conditions, particularly those near top-dead-center. Imaging showed droplet and ligament dynamics at low pressure and temperature, but not at high pressure and temperature typical of engine operation, indicating diminished effects of surface tension. Relating the ambient conditions to the fuel critical pressure and temperature showed that when the ambient conditions are slightly above the critical point of the fuel, surface tension remains in effect at gas-liquid interfaces. However, for higher pressure and temperature conditions, the surface tension appears to diminish significantly as expected for supercritical fuel-air mixtures. © 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"134","issue":"","pages":"531–543","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2014.05.060","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.05.060","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 00162361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel sprays"},{"tag":"Droplets"},{"tag":"Microscopy"},{"tag":"Supercritical"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z"}}


key: IZRGK89P
data:
  {"key":"IZRGK89P","version":509,"data":{"key":"IZRGK89P","version":509,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effect of Multiple Injection Strategies on Combustion and Emission Characteristics in a Diesel Engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Su Han","lastName":"Park"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hyung Jun","lastName":"Kim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chang Sik","lastName":"Lee"}],"abstractNote":"From the analysis of the experimental results, it was revealed that, when the injection pressure was increased without changing the injection timing in split injection, indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) decreased and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) deteriorated, owing to the increase of dwell duration. The increase of injection interval induced deterioration of BSFC and caused an increase in NOx and HC emissions with significant reduction in CO and soot emissions. On the other hand, the retardation of injection timing with a fixed injection interval caused an improvement of the BSFC, and a decrease in NOx, CO, and HC emissions. However, soot emission increased. According to the analysis, a short injection interval and injection timing around top dead center (TDC), with not too high injection pressure, improve the BSFC and emission characteristics in split-injection diesel combustion.","publicationTitle":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"acs.energyfuels.5b02121","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.05.025","ISSN":"0887-0624","shortTitle":"","url":"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02121","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z"}}


key: 77W7ZSDC
data:
  {"key":"77W7ZSDC","version":509,"data":{"key":"77W7ZSDC","version":509,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental study on the diesel and biodiesel spray characteristics emerging from equilateral triangular orifice under real diesel engine operation conditions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shenghao","lastName":"Yu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bifeng","lastName":"Yin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Weixin","lastName":"Deng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hekun","lastName":"Jia"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ze","lastName":"Ye"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bin","lastName":"Xu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Huaping","lastName":"Xu"}],"abstractNote":"The triangular spray has a potential to accelerate air-fuel mixing rate and undergo axis-switching during the injection process, which both are beneficial for improving the atomization quality. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the macro-spray characteristics and the mechanism of axis-switching with diesel and biodiesel emerging from equilateral triangular orifice of diesel nozzle, by using shadowgraph technique, under various injection pressures (50 MPa, 70 MPa, 90 MPa) and backpressures (1 MPa, 2 MPa, 3 MPa). Two CCD cameras were set to capture the macro spray images at the minor and major view planes simultaneously. Macro spray characteristics values were processed from the spray images in different view planes by MATLAB. The results indicated that the spray width of biodiesel was larger than that of diesel at all conditions from all view planes. In addition, both diesel and biodiesel emerging from equilateral triangular orifice underwent axis-switching during the spray progress even under the typical diesel engine operation conditions. Moreover, the difference of equilateral triangular spray widths between minor plane and major plane decreases as the backpressure increases for both fuels, it is expected that the increasing of backpressure enhances the aerodynamic effects, resulting in inhibiting the spray axis-switching. Furthermore, the difference of diesel spray widths between the major plane and minor plane was much higher than that of biodiesel. Because the higher surface tension and viscosity of biodiesel can cause smaller surface-instabilities and also resist the spray deformation, which are conductive to suppress the biodiesel spray axis-switching, and thus ultimately lead to narrowing the difference of biodiesel spray widths between minor plane and major plane. Finally, the spray tip penetration of biodiesel was consistent longer than that of diesel, while the spray cone angle of biodiesel was smaller than that of diesel, and also there was an interaction between major and minor view planes for diesel spray cone angle values at the backpressure of 1 MPa, but it didn't happen for biodiesel during the whole injection process. The present results indicated that the diesel spray was much easier to undergo axis-switching. The higher probability of axis-switching, larger spray cone angle and spray width of diesel demonstrated better air-fuel mixing quality than biodiesel.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"224","issue":"February","pages":"357–365","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2018.03.099","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Axis-switching"},{"tag":"Biodiesel"},{"tag":"Diesel nozzle"},{"tag":"Equilateral triangular orifice"},{"tag":"Spray characteristic"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z"}}


key: 32BIMD53
data:
  {"key":"32BIMD53","version":508,"data":{"key":"32BIMD53","version":508,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"A Reduced Reaction Mechanism for Predicting Knock in Dual-Fuel Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S C","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F A","lastName":"Williams"}],"abstractNote":"","date":"2000","proceedingsTitle":"SAE world congress","conferenceName":"","place":"Detroit","publisher":"","volume":"","pages":"","series":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2000-01-0957","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Issue: 724","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z"}}


key: TZYDS6A3
data:
  {"key":"TZYDS6A3","version":508,"data":{"key":"TZYDS6A3","version":508,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Importance of Pericyclic Reactions for Biomass Pyrolysis and Combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Phillip R","lastName":"Westmoreland"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Arnab","lastName":"Bose"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Charles J","lastName":"Mcgill"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"hemicellulose"},{"tag":"kinetics"},{"tag":"pyrolysis"},{"tag":"xylose"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z"}}


key: YIZIUNHZ
data:
  {"key":"YIZIUNHZ","version":508,"data":{"key":"YIZIUNHZ","version":508,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Influence of deposit on spray behaviour under flash boiling condition with the application of closely coupled split injection strategy","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ziman","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiao","lastName":"Ma"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yizhou","lastName":"Jiang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yanfei","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hongming","lastName":"Xu"}],"abstractNote":"The effects of deposit on the spray macroscopic characteristics and droplet behaviour under flash boiling condition were investigated through high speed imaging and Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) techniques. Closely coupled split injection strategy was tried to alleviate the negative effect of deposit on spray characteristics. It was found that with single injection strategy, deposit led to smaller cone angle and longer penetration due to poorer atomization and dispersion. Deposit also resulted in larger droplet size by introducing large droplets and lowering the potential of further breakup into small ones. When split injection strategy was employed under non-flash boiling condition, the effects of deposit of on the over-penetration and the resultant high potential of impingement were alleviated, while the negative effect of deposit on droplet size was enhanced. However, when split injection was used under strong flash boiling condition, the negative influence of deposit on the spray over-penetration was significantly alleviated and the negative impact on the droplet size was almost eliminated although reduced potential for large droplets to further break up was still found. The employment of optimal split injection strategy is believed to be important for the alleviation of the adverse effect of deposit on the spray characteristics and the emissions.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"190","issue":"","pages":"67–78","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.012","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.012","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Deposit"},{"tag":"Flash boiling"},{"tag":"Split injection"},{"tag":"Spray"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z"}}


key: N5REQJGX
data:
  {"key":"N5REQJGX","version":508,"data":{"key":"N5REQJGX","version":508,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The effect of residence time on the ignitability of ethylene and air mixtures in a toroidal jet-stirred reactor","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robert D","lastName":"Stachler"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Joseph K","lastName":"Lefkowitz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Timothy M","lastName":"Ombrello"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D","lastName":"Scott"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Joshua S","lastName":"Heyne"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Joseph D","lastName":"Miller"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–11","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"forced ignition"},{"tag":"jet-stirred reactor"},{"tag":"residence time"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:03Z"}}


key: L9GPYYWN
data:
  {"key":"L9GPYYWN","version":508,"data":{"key":"L9GPYYWN","version":508,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Ignition-promoting effect of NO 2 on methane , ethane and methane / ethane mixtures in a rapid compression machine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S","lastName":"Gersen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A V","lastName":"Mokhov"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J H","lastName":"Darmeveil"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H B","lastName":"Levinsky"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"33","issue":"1","pages":"433–440","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2010.05.097","ISSN":"1540-7489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2010.05.097","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"alkane oxidation"},{"tag":"autoignition"},{"tag":"no x sensitization"},{"tag":"rapid compression machine"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z"}}


key: AIEL9CYU
data:
  {"key":"AIEL9CYU","version":508,"data":{"key":"AIEL9CYU","version":508,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The evaporation coefficient of water : a review","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Building","lastName":"Technology"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"40","issue":"12","pages":"","date":"1997","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z"}}


key: LRDVQF37
data:
  {"key":"LRDVQF37","version":508,"data":{"key":"LRDVQF37","version":508,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Near-nozzle dynamics of diesel spray under varied needle lifts and its prediction using analytical model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Weidi","lastName":"Huang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Seoksu","lastName":"Moon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Katsuyuki","lastName":"Ohsawa"}],"abstractNote":"Due to the lack of sufficient measurement methods, great difficulties are still present in clarifying the relationship between the nozzle internal flow and liquid-jet dynamics, especially when considering the needle motion effect. In this study, by utilizing the X-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI) technique, the in-nozzle needle motion characteristics and the liquid-jet dynamics in the near-nozzle field have been measured within a wide range of injection-pulse durations, based on which the needle-lift dependence of liquid-jet dynamics has been discussed in detail. The study is important for the nozzle related investigations, especially in view of the increasingly widely adopted multiple-injection strategies in the injection systems. The results indicate that, ruled by the mass flow equilibrium inside the nozzle sac, the liquid-jet flow dynamics in the near-nozzle field is closely related to the needle lift and injection pressure. Insufficient needle lift under short injection-pulse duration hurts the liquid-jet momentum that should be highly considered in the multiple-injection strategies. An analytical model has also been proposed to predict the jet axial velocity in the near-nozzle field. The model was found to have good agreement with the experimental results at different conditions.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"180","issue":"","pages":"292–300","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.04.042","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.04.042","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Analytical model"},{"tag":"Diesel injector"},{"tag":"Injection pulse duration"},{"tag":"Jet axial velocity"},{"tag":"Needle lift"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z"}}


key: E2W3GEPU
data:
  {"key":"E2W3GEPU","version":508,"data":{"key":"E2W3GEPU","version":508,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Ignition delay characteristics of methane fuels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L.J.","lastName":"Spadaccini"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M.B.","lastName":"Colket"}],"abstractNote":"A comprehensive literature search and a series of shock-tube experiments were undertaken to determine the ignition delay times for mixtures of methane with ethane, propane or butane, and for a typical natural gas fuel. Ignition delay experiments were conducted at equivalence ratios of 0.45–1.25 for temperatures 1300–2000 K and pressures 3–15 atm. The combined data were used to develop general correlations for predicting the ignition delays of binary methane-hydrocarbon mixtures and multicomponent natural gas mixtures in terms of temperature and the initial fuel and oxygen concentrations. For natural gas, the ignition delay was correlated by the empirical expression t = 1.77 × 10−14 exp (18693/T)[O2]−1.05[CH4]0.66[HC]−0.39 in which concentrations are expressed in molecules per cubic cm and the [HC] factor represents the total molar concentration of all non-methane hydrocarbons. Chemical kinetic modeling was also performed to define the ignition mechanisms, and to permit extrapolation of data and prediction of the effects of using vitiated air for combustor testing.","publicationTitle":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"20","issue":"5","pages":"431–460","date":"1994-01","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/0360-1285(94)90011-6","ISSN":"0360-1285","shortTitle":"","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0360128594900116?via{\\%}3Dihub","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Pergamon","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z"}}


key: PCS4Y6PY
data:
  {"key":"PCS4Y6PY","version":508,"data":{"key":"PCS4Y6PY","version":508,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Mechanisms for fire suppression with aqueous foams and the role of surfactants","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ramagopal","lastName":"Ananth"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Katherine","lastName":"Hinnant"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"fire suppression"},{"tag":"foams"},{"tag":"surfactants"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z"}}


key: WK2R6DB6
data:
  {"key":"WK2R6DB6","version":508,"data":{"key":"WK2R6DB6","version":508,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The spontaneous ignition of hydrocarbon fuels in a flowing system","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"","lastName":"Stringer F.W., Clarke A.E."},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Clarke","lastName":"J.S"}],"abstractNote":"THE NATURE of the diesel engine cycle results in the values of air pressure, temperature, velocity, and turbulence changing during fuel injection and the ignition delay period. Hence, although the engine does give indispensable overall trends, it cannot be used to determine the influence of any one of the above factors on ignition delay, all others being held at constant values. The most convenient way of doing this is to have an experimental duct in which the conditions of air pressure, temperature, etc. can be established at steady conditions for a sufficient length of time for them to be measured accurately prior to controlled fuel injection. The literature is full of excellent examples of rapid compression machines and engines being used to assess overall effects of physical factors and fuel type on ignition. The work of Lyn and Valdmanis (1)s is but one example. When their work was being undertaken at C.A.V. Ltd, the points mentioned above were appreciated, and as a complementary study an apparatus was designed at Burnley to fulfil the requirements of a steady flow system. One of the requirements of this apparatus was that it should be capable of operating at conditions occurring in diesel engines at the time of fuel injection. Hence, the system was designed for air pressures up to 60 atm.,temperatures up to 973\"K, and air velocities up to 100 ft/s (30 m/s).","publicationTitle":"Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs","volume":"184","issue":"","pages":"212–225","date":"","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z"}}


key: J9ZK697Z
data:
  {"key":"J9ZK697Z","version":507,"data":{"key":"J9ZK697Z","version":507,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Detailed chemistry flamelet modeling of mixed-mode combustion in spark-assisted HCCI engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R","lastName":"Dahms"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C","lastName":"Felsch"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"O","lastName":"Ro"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N","lastName":"Peters"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"33","issue":"","pages":"3023–3030","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2010.08.005","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"g -equation"},{"tag":"ignition"},{"tag":"multi-zone model"},{"tag":"spark-assisted hcci"},{"tag":"sparkcimm"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z"}}


key: FB8QD6J5
data:
  {"key":"FB8QD6J5","version":507,"data":{"key":"FB8QD6J5","version":507,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Morphology and nano-structure of soot in diesel spray and in engine exhaust","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Behzad","lastName":"Rohani"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Choongsik","lastName":"Bae"}],"abstractNote":"This work investigates how morphology and nano-structure of the soot particles produced in a diesel spray flame evolve due to the rise in the temperature/pressure caused by the piston motion. The soot particles were sampled from the exhaust line of a diesel engine and were compared to the soot particles directly sampled from the spray flame of the same injector, in a constant volume chamber. Analysis of the high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images acquired from the soot samples at two axial locations in the spray flame shows that the soot aggregates grow in size, become longer, more fractal and attain lower surface to volume ratio along the spray axis. However, the soot particles produced in the spray flame become smaller, shorter, less fractal, more compact and attain higher surface to volume ratio when emitted from the engine. This is discussed to be due to the increase in the oxidation rate by temperature rise caused by piston motion, and the consequent oxidation induced fragmentation of the soot aggregates. The effect of oxidation is also evident on the size of the soot primary particles, as the engine-out soot is found to have smaller primary particles compared to the soot initially produced in the spray flame. Nano-structural analysis shows that the crystallite size in the engine-out soot is increased compared to the soot originally produced in the spray flame. This suggests that among two possible effects of temperature on diesel soot crystallite size, being crystallite size increase due to enhanced graphitization from one hand, and crystallite size reduction due to oxidation enhancement from the other hand, the former effect is dominant and the soot particles become structurally more ordered under the effect of temperature rise caused by piston motion.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"203","issue":"","pages":"47–56","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2017.04.093","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.04.093","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel soot"},{"tag":"In-spray sampling"},{"tag":"Morphology"},{"tag":"Nano-structure"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z"}}


key: 9XWPKRL5
data:
  {"key":"9XWPKRL5","version":507,"data":{"key":"9XWPKRL5","version":507,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Explosion characteristics of methane-ethane mixtures in air","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaobo","lastName":"Shen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaoliang","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Guangli","lastName":"Xiu"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries","volume":"45","issue":"","pages":"102–107","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.jlp.2016.11.012","ISSN":"0950-4230","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2016.11.012","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z"}}


key: 8WBSKM2S
data:
  {"key":"8WBSKM2S","version":507,"data":{"key":"8WBSKM2S","version":507,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"In-cylinder diesel spray combustion simulations using parallel computation: A performance benchmarking study","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kar Mun","lastName":"Pang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hoon Kiat","lastName":"Ng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Suyin","lastName":"Gan"}],"abstractNote":"In the present study, in-cylinder diesel combustion simulation was performed with parallel processing on an Intel Xeon Quad-Core platform to allow both fluid dynamics and chemical kinetics of the surrogate diesel fuel model to be solved simultaneously on multiple processors. Here, Cartesian Z-Coordinate was selected as the most appropriate partitioning algorithm since it computationally bisects the domain such that the dynamic load associated with fuel particle tracking was evenly distributed during parallel computations. Other variables examined included number of compute nodes, chemistry sizes and in situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) parameters. Based on the performance benchmarking test conducted, parallel configuration of 4-compute node was found to reduce the computational runtime most efficiently whereby a parallel efficiency of up to 75.4% was achieved. The simulation results also indicated that accuracy level was insensitive to the number of partitions or the partitioning algorithms. The effect of reducing the number of species on computational runtime was observed to be more significant than reducing the number of reactions. Besides, the study showed that an increase in the ISAT maximum storage of up to 2GB reduced the computational runtime by 50%. Also, the ISAT error tolerance of 10-3 was chosen to strike a balance between results accuracy and computational runtime. The optimised parameters in parallel processing and ISAT, as well as the use of the in-house reduced chemistry model allowed accurate results to be produced with reduced computational runtime, especially in simulating in-cylinder reacting spray jet and soot characteristics on standard computing platforms. ?? 2011 Elsevier Ltd.","publicationTitle":"Applied Energy","volume":"93","issue":"","pages":"466–478","date":"2012","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.12.023","ISSN":"03062619","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.12.023","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0306-2619\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Chemical kinetics"},{"tag":"Combustion"},{"tag":"Diesel engines"},{"tag":"Parallel computation"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z"}}


key: PQM2QUN7
data:
  {"key":"PQM2QUN7","version":507,"data":{"key":"PQM2QUN7","version":507,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A vaporization model for discrete multi-component fuel sprays","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Youngchul","lastName":"Ra"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D.","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"A vaporization model for multi-component fuel sprays is described. The discrete multi-component (DMC) fuel approach was used to model the properties and composition of gasoline and diesel model fuels. Unsteady vaporization of single and multi-component fuel droplets and sprays was considered for both normal and flash-boiling evaporation conditions. An unsteady internal heat flux model and a model for the determination of the droplet surface temperature were formulated. An approximate solution to the quasi-steady energy equation was used to derive an explicit expression for the heat flux from the surrounding gas to the droplet-gas interface, with inter-diffusion of fuel vapor and the surrounding gas taken into account. The density change of the drop as a function of temperature was also considered. In order to treat phase change under trans-critical conditions, a characteristic length was defined to determine the amount of vaporized fuel as a function of time. The present vaporization models were implemented into a multi-dimensional CFD code and applied to calculate evaporation processes of single and multi-component fuel droplets and sprays for various ambient temperatures and droplet temperatures. Differences between representing model fuels using the single and multi-component fuel descriptions are discussed. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"35","issue":"2","pages":"101–117","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2008.10.006","ISSN":"03019322","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2008.10.006","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0301-9322\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:02Z"}}


key: WF3HIMA2
data:
  {"key":"WF3HIMA2","version":507,"data":{"key":"WF3HIMA2","version":507,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Optimization of the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) model for turbulence-chemistry interactions under hot diluted combustion of CH4/H2","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Amir","lastName":"Mardani"}],"abstractNote":"Moderate or Intense Low-oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion which known as a combustion under highly preheated and diluted condition is a relatively new combustion regime including many differences in comparison with the traditional one. Among many distinguished disparities between combustion modeling of conventional and MILD ones, turbulent-chemistry interaction modeling is an open field of study. Current knowledge on modeling this combustion regime shows that the eddy dissipation concept (EDC) model could be successfully used for modeling of this combustion regime. In this paper, it has been tried to propose some guidelines to modify the semi-empirical constants of the original EDC model for MILD combustion. In this way a parametric study of the EDC model constants for a nonpremixed MILD burner is done in terms of accuracy of prediction while the responses of the model to its constants are focused on the basis of physical arguments. Burner of Dally et al. (JHC) is modeled using the RANS approach in a 2D axisymmetric computational domain for different oxygen levels and fuel jet Reynolds numbers when a reduced detail chemical mechanism of DRM-22 is used to represent the chemical mechanism. Moreover using a well-stirred–reactor analysis and extracting the chemical reactions pathways, discussions are completed. Results show that reducing the CD2constant which leads to a decrease in time scale and volume fraction constants of the model would improve the performance of the model for MILD condition. Prediction of flame lift-off and minor OH species has been improved by changing default model constants of Cτand Cγto around 0.0893 and 1.0, respectively, especially for lower oxygen levels. Indeed reaction pathway analysis and dimension of reaction zone showed that reducing scales of the defined reactor in the EDC model (i.e. fine structure) to the Kolmogrov or smaller scales might push the reactions inside each structure toward the non-equilibrium condition and enlargement of overall reaction zone and make the EDC model more compatible with MILD combustion characteristics. Reduction in the length and time scales of the fine structure led to improvement in Temperature, OH, and CO profiles inside of MILD region of the JHC burner, although for CO, disagreement is still considerable. Considering error analysis of five checked parameters (i.e. H2O, CO2, OH, CO, and temperature) at both MILD and conventional regions of the JHC burner may conduct us toward that the defaults setting of the model still works reasonably on the whole when it is used at both regions.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"191","issue":"","pages":"114–129","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.056","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.056","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"EDC"},{"tag":"Hydrogen"},{"tag":"MILD combustion"},{"tag":"Methane"},{"tag":"Turbulence-chemistry interaction"},{"tag":"Turbulent non-premixed combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:01Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:01Z"}}


key: 6B7S53L3
data:
  {"key":"6B7S53L3","version":507,"data":{"key":"6B7S53L3","version":507,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A simplified model for a diesel spray","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Simon","lastName":"Marčič"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Milan","lastName":"Marčič"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Michael","lastName":"Wensing"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Thomas","lastName":"Vogel"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zdravko","lastName":"Praunseis"}],"abstractNote":"This paper describes a computer simulation and measurements of the liquid phase of Diesel spray formation. The spray is divided into small elementary volumes in which the amounts of liquid and gaseous fuel, air, mean, maximum and minimum fuel droplet diameter are calculated, as well as their number. The total air–fuel and air–fuel vapour ratios are calculated for each elementary volume. The mathematical model of the Diesel spray is based on continuity and momentum equations in Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation. The measurements of the sprays were carried out in the combustion chamber at the LTT, which is equipped with a high pressure 250 MPa fuel injection system. During the experiments, ambient pressure varied from 3 MPa to 7 MPa, temperature from 673 K to 973 K, injection pressure from 40 MPa to 200 MPa and nozzle temperature from 243 K to 363 K. The injection quantity was 13.5 mm3per cycle in all cases. The combustion chamber was filled with pure nitrogen instead of air. Thermodynamic properties of nitrogen are similar to those of air. That way, self-ignition was prevented. We measured only the liquid phase of the fuel in the spray, and to this end, Mie scattering measuring technique was applied. The comparison between the simulated and actual liquid spray penetration depth and spray cone angle showed good matching.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"222","issue":"February","pages":"485–495","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.152","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel engines"},{"tag":"Diesel fuel spray"},{"tag":"Thermodynamics"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:01Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:01Z"}}


key: RLHP3CN9
data:
  {"key":"RLHP3CN9","version":507,"data":{"key":"RLHP3CN9","version":507,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Modeling and Simulation of a Dual Fuel ( Diesel / Natural Gas ) Engine With Multidimensional CFD","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Youtong","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Song-charng","lastName":"Kong"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-0755","volume":"","issue":"724","pages":"1–14","date":"2003","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:42:01Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:42:01Z"}}


