# syncCache

key: 6GQUAR35
data:
  {"key":"6GQUAR35","version":428,"data":{"key":"6GQUAR35","version":428,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A numerical investigation of the evaporation process of a liquid droplet impinging onto a hot substrate","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N.","lastName":"Nikolopoulos"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Theodorakakos"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"G.","lastName":"Bergeles"}],"abstractNote":"A numerical investigation of the evaporation process of n-heptane and water liquid droplets impinging onto a hot substrate is presented. Three different temperatures are investigated, covering flow regimes below and above Leidenfrost temperature. The Navier-Stokes equations expressing the flow distribution of the liquid and gas phases, coupled with the Volume of Fluid Method (VOF) for tracking the liquid-gas interface, are solved numerically using the finite volume methodology. Both two-dimensional axisymmetric and fully three-dimensional domains are utilized. An evaporation model coupled with the VOF methodology predicts the vapor blanket height between the evaporating droplet and the substrate, for cases with substrate temperature above the Leidenfrost point, and the formation of vapor bubbles in the region of nucleate boiling regime. The results are compared with available experimental data indicating the outcome of the impingement and the droplet shape during the impingement process, while additional information for the droplet evaporation rate and the temperature and vapor concentration fields is provided by the computational model. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"50","issue":"1-2","pages":"303–319","date":"2007","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.06.012","ISSN":"00179310","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0017-9310","tags":[{"tag":"Droplet evaporation"},{"tag":"Kinetic theory"},{"tag":"Leidenfrost temperature"},{"tag":"Volume of Fluid Method"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z"}}


key: C3HLZ5QS
data:
  {"key":"C3HLZ5QS","version":428,"data":{"key":"C3HLZ5QS","version":428,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical and experimental investigation of early stage diesel sprays","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M.","lastName":"Ghiji"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L.","lastName":"Goldsworthy"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P. A.","lastName":"Brandner"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"V.","lastName":"Garaniya"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P.","lastName":"Hield"}],"abstractNote":"Experimental and numerical investigations of primary atomization in a high-pressure diesel jet are presented. Information on flow processes and structures inside and near nozzle exit are described at early and quasi-steady stages of injection. The numerical method is based on the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) phase-fraction interface capturing technique, in an Eulerian framework. The influence of grid resolution, convection interpolation scheme and temporal integration scheme on the modeling of jet physics are investigated. The present flow setup includes in-nozzle disturbances with the no-slip condition at the walls. All experimental operating conditions are replicated in the numerical models. The early stage liquid jet leading edge demonstrates an umbrella-shaped structure in the numerical results which is in qualitative agreement with experimental imaging. Data obtained provide insight into the flow behavior in the dense region including commencement of fragmentation and early spray angle formation. Experimental images show a cloud of air-fuel mixture at the early stage of injection. The existence of ingested air inside the injector after needle closure could be the source of the observed deviation between experimental and numerical results. The results show that the jet breakup rate and liquid core length increase in cases with higher grid resolutions. The early spray angle from the numerical results at the quasi-steady stage, shows good agreement with experimental data.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"175","issue":"","pages":"274–286","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.040","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.040","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Eulerian/VOF"},{"tag":"High-pressure diesel spray"},{"tag":"In-nozzle turbulence"},{"tag":"Large eddy simulation"},{"tag":"Near-nozzle flow"},{"tag":"Primary atomization"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z"}}


key: R5VJI33I
data:
  {"key":"R5VJI33I","version":428,"data":{"key":"R5VJI33I","version":428,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Study of auto-ignition and extinction characteristics of diesel blended with oxygenates in laminar opposed non-premixed flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rohit","lastName":"Khare"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Krithika","lastName":"Narayanaswamy"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"V","lastName":"Raghavan"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"autoignition"},{"tag":"diesel"},{"tag":"extinction"},{"tag":"oxygenates"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z"}}


key: 9YSCKRPQ
data:
  {"key":"9YSCKRPQ","version":428,"data":{"key":"9YSCKRPQ","version":428,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental study on the effect of nozzle hole-to-hole angle on the near-field spray of diesel injector using fast X-ray phase-contrast imaging","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xusheng","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Seoksu","lastName":"Moon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jian","lastName":"Gao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Eric M.","lastName":"Dufresne"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kamel","lastName":"Fezzaa"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jin","lastName":"Wang"}],"abstractNote":"Fuel atomization and vaporization process play a critical role in determining the engine combustion and emission. The primary near-nozzle breakup is the vital link between the fuel emerging from the nozzle and the fully atomized spray. In this study, the near-nozzle spray characteristics of diesel injectors with different umbrella angle (UA) were investigated using fast X-ray phase-contrast imaging and quantitative image processing. A classic ‘dumbbell' profile of spray width (SW) composed of three stages: opening stage, semi-steady stage and closing stage. The SW peaks of two-hole injectors were more than twice of that of single-hole injector at the opening and closing stages, corresponding to the hollow-cone spray. This indicated the vortex flow was formed with the increase of the UA. The higher injection pressure had little influence on the SW while led to earlier breakup closer to the nozzle at lower needle lift. Significant fuel effect on the SW at higher needle lift was found. However, this effect could be neglect at lower needle lift due to the leading role of internal flow and cavitation on the near-field spray characteristics. In addition, the morphology-based breakup process was observed, which highlighted the important effect of internal flow on the spray development. The possibility of using hollow-cone spray in diesel injector was also discussed.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"185","issue":"","pages":"142–150","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.07.114","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.07.114","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Biodiesel"},{"tag":"Hole-to-hole angle"},{"tag":"Near-field spray"},{"tag":"Spray morphology"},{"tag":"X-ray phase-contrast imaging"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z"}}


key: MBAI4YUB
data:
  {"key":"MBAI4YUB","version":428,"data":{"key":"MBAI4YUB","version":428,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Modeling Ignition and Combustion in Spark- Ignition Engines Using a Level Set Method","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhichao","lastName":"Tan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Paper","volume":"","issue":"724","pages":"","date":"2003","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2003-01-0722","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z"}}


key: DBKN3CAW
data:
  {"key":"DBKN3CAW","version":428,"data":{"key":"DBKN3CAW","version":428,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effect of engine parameters and type of gaseous fuel on the performance of dual-fuel gas diesel engines-A critical review","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"B. B.","lastName":"Sahoo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N.","lastName":"Sahoo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"U. K.","lastName":"Saha"}],"abstractNote":"Petroleum resources are finite and, therefore, search for their alternative non-petroleum fuels for internal combustion engines is continuing all over the world. Moreover gases emitted by petroleum fuel driven vehicles have an adverse effect on the environment and human health. There is universal acceptance of the need to reduce such emissions. Towards this, scientists have proposed various solutions for diesel engines, one of which is the use of gaseous fuels as a supplement for liquid diesel fuel. These engines, which use conventional diesel fuel and gaseous fuel, are referred to as 'dual-fuel engines'. Natural gas and bio-derived gas appear more attractive alternative fuels for dual-fuel engines in view of their friendly environmental nature. In the gas-fumigated dual-fuel engine, the primary fuel is mixed outside the cylinder before it is inducted into the cylinder. A pilot quantity of liquid fuel is injected towards the end of the compression stroke to initiate combustion. When considering a gaseous fuel for use in existing diesel engines, a number of issues which include, the effects of engine operating and design parameters, and type of gaseous fuel, on the performance of the dual-fuel engines, are important. This paper reviews the research on above issues carried out by various scientists in different diesel engines. This paper touches upon performance, combustion and emission characteristics of dual-fuel engines which use natural gas, biogas, producer gas, methane, liquefied petroleum gas, propane, etc. as gaseous fuel. It reveals that 'dual-fuel concept' is a promising technique for controlling both NOx and soot emissions even on existing diesel engine. But, HC, CO emissions and 'bsfc' are higher for part load gas diesel engine operations. Thermal efficiency of dual-fuel engines improve either with increased engine speed, or with advanced injection timings, or with increased amount of pilot fuel. The ignition characteristics of the gaseous fuels need more research for a long-term use in a dual-fuel engine. It is found that, the selection of engine operating and design parameters play a vital role in minimizing the performance divergences between an existing diesel engine and a 'gas diesel engine'. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"13","issue":"6-7","pages":"1151–1184","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.rser.2008.08.003","ISSN":"13640321","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 1364-0321","tags":[{"tag":"Carbon dioxide"},{"tag":"Combustion"},{"tag":"Dual-fuel"},{"tag":"Efficiency"},{"tag":"Emissions"},{"tag":"Gaseous fuel"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z"}}


key: T3SKVL38
data:
  {"key":"T3SKVL38","version":427,"data":{"key":"T3SKVL38","version":427,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"A Model for Multicomponent Droplet Vaporization at High Ambient Pressures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J.D.","lastName":"Jin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"G L","lastName":"Borman"}],"abstractNote":"","date":"1985","proceedingsTitle":"SAE Technical Paper Series","conferenceName":"","place":"","publisher":"SAE International Congress","volume":"","pages":"","series":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Multicomponent Fuel"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z"}}


key: HGX4J6BF
data:
  {"key":"HGX4J6BF","version":427,"data":{"key":"HGX4J6BF","version":427,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Characterization of Low Load Ethanol Dual-Fuel Combustion using Single and Split Diesel Injections on a Heavy-Duty Engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Vinícius","lastName":"Pedrozo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ian","lastName":"May"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hua","lastName":"Zhao"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0778","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://papers.sae.org/2016-01-0778/","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z"}}


key: 5DYFGFPW
data:
  {"key":"5DYFGFPW","version":427,"data":{"key":"5DYFGFPW","version":427,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effects of the injection strategy on the mixture formation and combustion characteristics in a DISI (direct injection spark ignition) optical engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jingeun","lastName":"Song"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Taehoon","lastName":"Kim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jihwan","lastName":"Jang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sungwook","lastName":"Park"}],"abstractNote":"The present study investigates the effect of the injection strategy on the mixture quality and the consequential combustion characteristics. The injection strategies considered in the present study were divided into two parts: single injection (with a wide range of injection timings during the intake stroke) and double injection (with a short second injection during the compression stroke). The in-cylinder pressure and high-speed flame images were acquired to evaluate the combustion characteristics, and KIVA simulation was conducted to observe the in-cylinder flow and the fuel spray spreading procedure. For the single injection, retarding the injection timing caused an increase in the combustion speed and in-cylinder pressure. In this case, the major factor that increased the in-cylinder pressure was the turbulence intensity; the later injection produced a stronger turbulence at the spark timing, which caused a higher in-cylinder pressure. Meanwhile, the flame propagation direction was mainly affected by the equivalence ratio distribution. The flame speed toward the fuel-lean region was significantly slower than toward the fuel-rich region. The double injection strategy utilized the additional turbulence induced by the spray motion to increase the engine power.","publicationTitle":"Energy","volume":"93","issue":"","pages":"1758–1768","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.energy.2015.10.058","ISSN":"03605442","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.10.058","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 03605442\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"DISI (direct injection spark ignition) optical eng"},{"tag":"Flame propagation"},{"tag":"KIVA code"},{"tag":"Mixture formation"},{"tag":"Turbulence intensity"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z"}}


key: HFRIGRS8
data:
  {"key":"HFRIGRS8","version":427,"data":{"key":"HFRIGRS8","version":427,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"A CFD study of water condensation inside the tubes of an automotive compact charge air cooler using large eddy simulation approach","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R.","lastName":"Cash"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Talekar"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"B.","lastName":"AbdulNour"}],"abstractNote":"Copyright © 2016 by ASME. The usage of compressed air generated by supercharger or turbocharger by automotive Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) is growing with the aim to increase engine performance by increasing the density of the air charge being drawn into the cylinder. Denser air coupled with more fuel pulled into the combustion chamber results in increased engine performance. The inlet air is heated during compression which can cause pre-ignition, which leads to reduced engine functionality. The charge air cooler (CAC) is a heat exchanger introduced to extract heat created during the compression process. Previous research developed a 3-D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model using the k-epsilon turbulent model with near wall treatment to resolve turbulence in the small channels of the CAC. [1] The present research uses a refined computational scheme with a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model to solve local data as a function of time and location and correlates the result to the experimental measurements, as well as compare to the k-epsilon approach. Using LES resulted in the ability to correlate any portion of the experimental data and take a closer look at local heat transfer between the outside surface of the tube and the cooling air. Large Eddy Simulation for heat transfer gave more information required for design of CACs which is difficult to collect for various operating conditions by experiment. The overall benefit presented is a validated simulation methodology that predicts condensation, which is then used to evaluate and design CACs that function outside the condensate formation zone during various vehicle operation modes.","date":"2016","proceedingsTitle":"ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Proceedings (IMECE)","conferenceName":"","place":"","publisher":"","volume":"8","pages":"","series":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1115/IMECE201666999","ISBN":"978-0-7918-5062-6","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z"}}


key: J9DXXBTQ
data:
  {"key":"J9DXXBTQ","version":427,"data":{"key":"J9DXXBTQ","version":427,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effect of exhaust gas recirculation on some combustion characteristics of dual fuel engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohamed Y E","lastName":"Selim"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"44","issue":"","pages":"707–721","date":"2003","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"dual fuel engine"},{"tag":"exhaust gas recirculation"},{"tag":"natural gas fuel"},{"tag":"noise"},{"tag":"pressure rise rate"},{"tag":"thermal efficiency"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z"}}


key: S6B4XYS7
data:
  {"key":"S6B4XYS7","version":427,"data":{"key":"S6B4XYS7","version":427,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The role of detailed chemical kinetics on CFD diesel spray ignition and combustion modelling","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R.","lastName":"Novella"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Garc??a"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J. M.","lastName":"Pastor"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"V.","lastName":"Domenech"}],"abstractNote":"Spray ignition and flame stabilisation in the frame of diesel-like combustion conditions combine fundamental and complex physical and chemical processes. In this work, a numerical investigation has been performed to evaluate the potential of integrating detailed chemistry into CFD calculations, in order to improve predictions and gain more insight in involved processes. This work has been carried out using the capabilities of OpenFOAM??code, which provides an opensource framework for 3D-CFD simulations, including an ODE solver for solving chemical kinetics. As a general methodology, this study is based on simulating free n-heptane sprays injected into a constant volume vessel, corresponding to the conditions of the experimental database provided by Sandia National Laboratories. Calculations results have been compared to experiments, evaluating the effect of a wide range of ambient conditions on spray ignition and combustion characteristics. Specifically, this research checks the performance of some relevant n-heptane oxidation mechanisms found in the literature, with different degree of complexity, for modelling the chemical history of the fuel. The results of this investigation show the relative influence of chemical mechanism on spray/flame structure in terms of ignition delay and also ignition and flame stabilisation sites. The comprehensive mechanism performs generally better than more simplified chemistry models. However, its accuracy is also compromised for modelling advanced diesel-like combustion concepts based on injecting the spray into a low oxygen concentration environment. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd.","publicationTitle":"Mathematical and Computer Modelling","volume":"54","issue":"7-8","pages":"1706–1719","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.mcm.2010.12.048","ISSN":"08957177","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2010.12.048","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0895-7177\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"CFD modelling"},{"tag":"Diesel combustion"},{"tag":"OpenFOAM??"},{"tag":"Spray ignition"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:43Z"}}


key: 8TQ8ERUF
data:
  {"key":"8TQ8ERUF","version":427,"data":{"key":"8TQ8ERUF","version":427,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Improvement of diesel combustion with multiple injections at cold condition in a constant volume combustion chamber","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Joonsik","lastName":"Hwang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Youngsoo","lastName":"Park"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kihyun","lastName":"Kim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jinwoo","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Choongsik","lastName":"Bae"}],"abstractNote":"A series of diesel spray combustion tests was carried out in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) to investigate the effect of multiple injection strategies on cold startability. The experiments were performed under a simulated low temperature cold start condition. In-chamber pressure analysis and high speed flame imaging were conducted to compare the effectiveness of each injection strategy on cold startability. Spray targeting visualization was also performed to examine the wall impingement of injected fuel. The diesel fuel was injected into the CVCC with an injection pressure of 35ï¿½MPa. Multiple injection strategies with different amounts of pilot injection quantities were applied to improve the diesel combustion under simulated cold start ambient condition. The flame imaging and in-chamber pressure results showed that the multiple injection strategy provided better cold startability than the single injection condition. According to the pilot injection quantity, the peak of the flame luminosity and in-chamber pressure were gradually increased with larger pilot injection quantity cases. The peak of the variation rate of the in-chamber pressure with a multiple injection strategy was approximately 2 times higher than that of the single injection case. In terms of spray targeting imaging, the results indicated that the fuel impingement and flow to the piston crevice volume were increased with a larger amount of pilot2 injection. Therefore, the increment of the pilot1 injection quantity rather than the pilot2 injection quantity was suggested not only to improve cold startability, but also to reduce unburned hydrocarbon emissions under a cold start condition in a real engine.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"197","issue":"","pages":"528–540","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2017.02.049","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.02.049","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Cold start"},{"tag":"Combustion"},{"tag":"Constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC)"},{"tag":"Diesel engine"},{"tag":"Spray"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z"}}


key: DX3AIDHA
data:
  {"key":"DX3AIDHA","version":427,"data":{"key":"DX3AIDHA","version":427,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental study on microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of diesel spray with split injection","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ziman","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hongming","lastName":"Xu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Changzhao","lastName":"Jiang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Miroslaw L.Wyszynski","lastName":"Wyszynski"}],"abstractNote":"The microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of diesel spray with split injection strategy were systematically investigated by employing ultra-high speed imaging in the near-field, high speed imaging and Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) techniques. It was found that for single injection there were four stages for the development of spray penetration, largely depending on injection pressure and ambient pressure. With split injection strategy, the \"wake driving force\" caused by higher speed of the wake of the first injection than that of periphery gas tended to distort the second split injection, whereas the 'air driving force' caused by the first split injection tended to make the second plume symmetric. Furthermore, the second split injection showed lower macroscopic penetration and spray area during the initial stage but higher macroscopic penetration and spray area at the later stage than the first injection. In addition, higher injection pressure lead to better dispersion and smaller droplets. The strong collision (both primary collision and secondary collision) caused larger droplets for split injection than for single injection. Lower effective injection pressure due to lower injector opening for split injection strategy was believed to be partly responsible for the larger droplet sizes.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"174","issue":"","pages":"140–152","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.01.083","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.01.083","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Primary breakup"},{"tag":"Split injection"},{"tag":"Spray characteristics"},{"tag":"spray"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z"}}


key: AT94QJ8S
data:
  {"key":"AT94QJ8S","version":427,"data":{"key":"AT94QJ8S","version":427,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Impact of Supplemental Natural Gas on Engine Efficiency, Performance, and Emissions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Claire","lastName":"Maxey"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Vickey","lastName":"Kalaskar"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Dongil","lastName":"Kang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Andre","lastName":"Boehman"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE International","volume":"2013-01-08","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2013-01-0847","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z"}}


key: HVFZK58I
data:
  {"key":"HVFZK58I","version":427,"data":{"key":"HVFZK58I","version":427,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A model for high-pressure vaporization of droplets of complex liquid mixtures using continuous thermodynamics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Guang Sheng","lastName":"Zhu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D.","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"This paper presents a comprehensive model for the transient high-pressure vaporization process of droplets of complex liquid mixtures with large number of components in which the mixture composition, the mixture properties, and the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) are described by using the theory of continuous thermodynamics. Transport equations, which are general for the moments and independent of the distribution functions, are derived for the semi-continuous systems of both gas and liquid phases. A general treatment of the VLE is conducted which can be applied with any cubic equation of state (EOS). Relations for the properties of the continuous species are formulated. The model was further applied to calculate the sub- and super-critical vaporization processes of droplets of a representative petroleum fuel mixture- diesel fuel. The results show that the liquid mixture droplet exhibits an intrinsic transient vaporization behaviour regardless of whether the pressure is sub- or super-critical. The regression rate of the liquid mixture droplet is reduced significantly during the late vaporization period. The comparison with the results of a single-component substitute fuel case emphasizes the importance of considering the multi-component nature of practical mixture fuel and the critical vaporization effects in practical applications. This paper provides a practical means for more realistically describing the high-pressure vaporization of practical fuels. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"45","issue":"3","pages":"495–507","date":"2001","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/S0017-9310(01)00173-9","ISSN":"00179310","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 1608262014","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z"}}


key: CQQM28HR
data:
  {"key":"CQQM28HR","version":426,"data":{"key":"CQQM28HR","version":426,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Extinction Characteristics of Isolate n-Alkane Fuel Droplets During Low Temperature Cool Flame Burning","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tanvir I","lastName":"Farouk"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Frederick L","lastName":"Dryer"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"cool flame"},{"tag":"extinction"},{"tag":"n-alkanes"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z"}}


key: 6NH58STX
data:
  {"key":"6NH58STX","version":426,"data":{"key":"6NH58STX","version":426,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Multi-Modal Counterflow Flame Structure under Autoignitive Conditions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Temistocle","lastName":"Grenga"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Michael E","lastName":"Mueller"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Essci 2018","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"counterflow"},{"tag":"dme"},{"tag":"multi-modal combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z"}}


key: EB3BVR7N
data:
  {"key":"EB3BVR7N","version":426,"data":{"key":"EB3BVR7N","version":426,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Direct numerical simulations of ignition of a lean n-heptane/air mixture with temperature inhomogeneities at constant volume: Parametric study","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chun Sang","lastName":"Yoo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tianfeng","lastName":"Lu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jacqueline H.","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chung K.","lastName":"Law"}],"abstractNote":"The effect of thermal stratification on the ignition of a lean homogeneous n-heptane/air mixture at constant volume and high pressure is investigated by direct numerical simulations (DNS) with a new 58-species reduced kinetic mechanism developed for very lean mixtures from the detailed LLNL mechanism (H.J. Curran et al., Combust. Flame 129 (2002) 253-280). Two-dimensional DNS are performed in a fixed volume with a two-dimensional isotropic velocity spectrum and temperature fluctuations superimposed on the initial scalar fields. The influence of variations in the initial temperature field, imposed by changing the mean and variance of temperature, and the ratio of turbulence to ignition delay timescale on multi-stage ignition of a lean n-heptane/air mixture is studied. In general, the mean heat release rate increases more slowly with increasing thermal stratification regardless of the mean initial temperature. Ignition delay decreases with increasing thermal stratification for high mean initial temperature relative to the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) regime. It is, however, increased with increasing thermal fluctuations for relatively low mean initial temperature resulting from a longer overall ignition delay of the mixture. Displacement speed and Damköhler number analyses reveal that the high degree of thermal stratification induces deflagration rather than spontaneous ignition at the reaction fronts, and hence, the mean heat release rate is smoother subsequent to thermal runaway occurring at the highest temperature regions in the domain. Chemical explosive mode analysis (CEMA) also verifies that mixing counterbalances chemical explosion at the reaction fronts for cases with large temperature fluctuation. It is also found that if the ratio of turbulence to ignition delay timescale is short, resultant diminished scalar fluctuations cause the overall ignition to occur by spontaneous ignition. However, the overall effect of turbulence is small compared to the effect of thermal stratification. These results suggest that the critical degree of thermal stratification for smooth operation of homogeneous charge compression-ignition (HCCI) engines depends on both the mean and fluctuations in initial temperature which should be considered in controlling ignition timing and preventing an overly rapid increase in pressure in HCCI combustion. © 2011 The Combustion Institute.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"158","issue":"9","pages":"1727–1741","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.01.025","ISSN":"00102180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.01.025","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0010-2180\nPublisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"Auto-ignition"},{"tag":"Chemical explosive mode analysis"},{"tag":"DNS"},{"tag":"HCCI"},{"tag":"N-Heptane reduced mechanism"},{"tag":"Thermal stratification"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z"}}


key: BWXZ8P9Q
data:
  {"key":"BWXZ8P9Q","version":426,"data":{"key":"BWXZ8P9Q","version":426,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Direct numerical simulations of ignition of a lean n-heptane/air mixture with temperature inhomogeneities at constant volume: Parametric study","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chun Sang","lastName":"Yoo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tianfeng","lastName":"Lu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jacqueline H.","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chung K.","lastName":"Law"}],"abstractNote":"The effect of thermal stratification on the ignition of a lean homogeneous n-heptane/air mixture at constant volume and high pressure is investigated by direct numerical simulations (DNS) with a new 58-species reduced kinetic mechanism developed for very lean mixtures from the detailed LLNL mechanism (H.J. Curran et al., Combust. Flame 129 (2002) 253-280). Two-dimensional DNS are performed in a fixed volume with a two-dimensional isotropic velocity spectrum and temperature fluctuations superimposed on the initial scalar fields. The influence of variations in the initial temperature field, imposed by changing the mean and variance of temperature, and the ratio of turbulence to ignition delay timescale on multi-stage ignition of a lean n-heptane/air mixture is studied. In general, the mean heat release rate increases more slowly with increasing thermal stratification regardless of the mean initial temperature. Ignition delay decreases with increasing thermal stratification for high mean initial temperature relative to the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) regime. It is, however, increased with increasing thermal fluctuations for relatively low mean initial temperature resulting from a longer overall ignition delay of the mixture. Displacement speed and Damköhler number analyses reveal that the high degree of thermal stratification induces deflagration rather than spontaneous ignition at the reaction fronts, and hence, the mean heat release rate is smoother subsequent to thermal runaway occurring at the highest temperature regions in the domain. Chemical explosive mode analysis (CEMA) also verifies that mixing counterbalances chemical explosion at the reaction fronts for cases with large temperature fluctuation. It is also found that if the ratio of turbulence to ignition delay timescale is short, resultant diminished scalar fluctuations cause the overall ignition to occur by spontaneous ignition. However, the overall effect of turbulence is small compared to the effect of thermal stratification. These results suggest that the critical degree of thermal stratification for smooth operation of homogeneous charge compression-ignition (HCCI) engines depends on both the mean and fluctuations in initial temperature which should be considered in controlling ignition timing and preventing an overly rapid increase in pressure in HCCI combustion. © 2011 The Combustion Institute.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"158","issue":"9","pages":"1727–1741","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.01.025","ISSN":"00102180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.01.025","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0010-2180\nPublisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"Auto-ignition"},{"tag":"Chemical explosive mode analysis"},{"tag":"DNS"},{"tag":"HCCI"},{"tag":"N-Heptane reduced mechanism"},{"tag":"Thermal stratification"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z"}}


key: BXTW9LSL
data:
  {"key":"BXTW9LSL","version":426,"data":{"key":"BXTW9LSL","version":426,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Modeling Ignition and Combustion in Spark- Ignition Engines Using a Level Set Method Reprinted From : Modeling of SI Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhichao","lastName":"Tan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"724","pages":"","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z"}}


key: X7JVAHHD
data:
  {"key":"X7JVAHHD","version":426,"data":{"key":"X7JVAHHD","version":426,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental investigation of atomization and combustion characteristics of high-pressure pulse sprays","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Satoki","lastName":"Yokoi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shota","lastName":"Sugawara"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ryuichi","lastName":"Sagawa"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yasuhiro","lastName":"Saito"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yohsuke","lastName":"Matsushita"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hideyuki","lastName":"Aoki"}],"abstractNote":"This study investigated the effect of fuel injection pressure (20-80 MPa) on atomization and combustion characteristics using a stationary combustor with an intermittent supply of liquid fuel. In the atomization experiments, spray tip penetration and spray width increased, and the Sauter mean diameter of droplets decreased with an increase in the fuel injection pressure. In the combustion experiments, the OH emission intensity and combustion gas temperature upstream of the furnace increased with the fuel injection pressure, whereas nitrogen oxides emissions were reduced. The results demonstrate that high-pressure pulse spray combustion can reduce NOXemissions and enhance the combustion load by an increase in the fuel injection pressure.","publicationTitle":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"148","issue":"","pages":"269–275","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.02.008","ISSN":"03783820","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.02.008","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier B.V.","tags":[{"tag":"Common rail"},{"tag":"NOXreduction"},{"tag":"Pulse spray"},{"tag":"Spray combustion"},{"tag":"Spray penetration"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z"}}


key: U9J6PJCB
data:
  {"key":"U9J6PJCB","version":426,"data":{"key":"U9J6PJCB","version":426,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Combustion Process of a Turbocharged SI Natural Gas Engine Operated on Stoichiometric Mixture","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hailin","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Timothy","lastName":"Gatts"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shiyu","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Scott","lastName":"Wayne"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nigel","lastName":"Clark"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"combustion process"},{"tag":"diluents"},{"tag":"knock"},{"tag":"natural gas"},{"tag":"si engine"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:42Z"}}


key: F3XGJNEG
data:
  {"key":"F3XGJNEG","version":426,"data":{"key":"F3XGJNEG","version":426,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"High Accuracy Thermochemical Kinetics for H + CH 3 ( + M ) ⇄","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M","lastName":"Ch"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nicole J","lastName":"Labbe"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ahren W","lastName":"Jasper"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"James A","lastName":"Miller"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stephen J.","lastName":"Klippenstein"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"anharmonic thermochemistry"},{"tag":"flame speed"},{"tag":"master equation"},{"tag":"pressure dependence"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z"}}


key: 8F68M97Q
data:
  {"key":"8F68M97Q","version":426,"data":{"key":"8F68M97Q","version":426,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Diesel nozzle geometry influence on spray liquid-phase fuel penetration in evaporative conditions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R.","lastName":"Payri"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F. J.","lastName":"Salvador"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J.","lastName":"Gimeno"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L. D.","lastName":"Zapata"}],"abstractNote":"An experimental study of real multi-hole Diesel nozzles is performed under current DI Diesel engines operating conditions. The aim of the investigation is to study the influence of orifice geometry on the flow at the nozzle exit and to analyse its effect on the spray in evaporative conditions. Special attention is taken in the study of the influence of cavitation on the orifice internal flow and spray development. The spray liquid-phase fuel penetration has been characterized. The visualization was made in a wide optical access engine for different operating conditions. From the measurements, the dependencies of nozzle geometry, injection conditions and ambient conditions on liquid-phase length were studied and analyzed. A model for liquid-phase fuel penetration in diesel sprays based on nozzle flow parameters has been proposed and validated. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"87","issue":"7","pages":"1165–1176","date":"2008","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2007.05.058","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 00162361","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel spray"},{"tag":"Injection"},{"tag":"Liquid-length"},{"tag":"Momentum flux"},{"tag":"Penetration"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z"}}


key: 2L5GE3XJ
data:
  {"key":"2L5GE3XJ","version":426,"data":{"key":"2L5GE3XJ","version":426,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effects of natural convection on critical conditions for thermal explosions in spherical vessels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Daniel","lastName":"Moreno-boza"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Immaculada","lastName":"Iglesias"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Antonio L","lastName":"Sánchez"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Amable","lastName":"Liñán"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Forman A","lastName":"Williams"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"combustion"},{"tag":"laminar reacting flows"},{"tag":"thermal explosions"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z"}}


key: VV3M4RUC
data:
  {"key":"VV3M4RUC","version":425,"data":{"key":"VV3M4RUC","version":425,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Multidimensional simulations of non-reacting and reacting diesel and biodiesel sprays","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gary","lastName":"Cai"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"John","lastName":"Abraham"}],"abstractNote":"Numerical simulations of non-reacting and reacting diesel and biodiesel sprays in a constant-volume chamber are presented in this paper and some of the results compared to measured data. The conditions of the study include the effects of chamber air dilution with inert gases and varying chamber temperature. n-Heptane is used as the surrogate fuel for diesel fuel and a tri-component fuel mixture consisting of n-heptane, methyl decanoate, and methyl 9-decenoate is used as the surrogate fuel for biodiesel. The computed and measured liquid-phase penetrations in the non-reacting sprays agree within 30% for the range of conditions considered. The vapour penetrations agree within 10%. For the reacting simulations, the turbulence/chemistry interaction is modelled using an unsteady flamelet generated manifold (UFGM) sub-model. As reported in prior work, the UFGM model predicts the flame lift-off height well. The soot model employed is a semi-empirical two-equation model that accounts for nucleation of soot precursors, surface growth via acetylene addition and PAH condensation, coagulation, and oxidation. NO is modelled using the kinetics from a sub-mechanism of GRI-Mech 3.0. The measured trends in soot distribution in the sprays are predicted well although there are significant differences in actual soot volume fractions.","publicationTitle":"Energy","volume":"119","issue":"","pages":"1221–1229","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.energy.2016.11.068","ISSN":"03605442","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.11.068","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Biodiesel combustion modelling"},{"tag":"Reacting biodiesel jets"},{"tag":"Two-equation soot model"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z"}}


key: XG3GW7L4
data:
  {"key":"XG3GW7L4","version":425,"data":{"key":"XG3GW7L4","version":425,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Voltage , and Energy Deposition Characteristics of Spark Ignition Systems Reprinted From : SI Combustion and Direct Injection SI Engine Technology","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Myung Jun","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matt","lastName":"Hall"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ofodike a","lastName":"Ezekoye"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ron","lastName":"Matthews"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"724","pages":"","date":"2005","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z"}}


key: VT487B9P
data:
  {"key":"VT487B9P","version":425,"data":{"key":"VT487B9P","version":425,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Exhaust Emissions from Dual Fuel Engines at Light Load","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"G a","lastName":"Karim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Z.","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"W","lastName":"Jones"}],"abstractNote":"File Size: 153K View All Collapse References Lilly, L. R. C., ed., Diesel Engine Reference Book, Butterworths, 1985.Karim, G. A., %u201CThe Dual Fuel Engine,%u201D published in Automotive Engine Alternatives, ed. by Evans Robert L., Plenum Press, New York/London, 1987, pp. 83-104.Karim, G. A., Ito, K., Abraham, M. and Jensen, L., %u201CAn Examination of the Role of Formaldehyde in the Ignition Processes of a Dual Fuel Engine,%u201D 1991, SAE Paper No. 912367; also published in %u201CGaseous Fuels for Engines%u201D (SP-888) and Transactions of SAE.Karim, G. A. and Zhaoda, Yan, %u201CModelling of Autoignition and Knock in a Compression Ignition Engine of the Dual Fuel Type,%u201D Proc. of the Institution of Mechanical Engineering, published in Computers in Engine Technology, September, 1991, C430/035, pp. 141-148.Wierzba, P., Karim, G. A. and Wierzba, I., %u201CAn Analytical Examination of the Combustion of a Turbulent Fuel Jet in an Environment Containing Premixed Fuel or a Diluent and Air,%u201D, Proc. 15th ASME/ETCE Conference, Houston, Texas, 1992, published in PD-Vol. 39, Fossil Fuel Combustion, ed. by Ruiz Roberto, pp. 53-59.Karim, G. A. and Khan, M. O., %u201CExamination of Effective Rates of Combustion Heat Release in a Dual-Fuel Engine,%u201D J. of Mech. Eng. Science, February, 1968, 10, pp. 13-23.Karim, G. A. and Liu, Zhigang, %u201CA Predictive Model for Knock in Dual Fuel Engines,%u201D, 1992, SAE Paper No. 921550; also published in %u201CNatural Gas: Fuels and Fueling%u201D (SP-927) and Transactions of SAE.Klimstra, J., %u201CPerformance of Lean Natural Gas-Fueled Engines - On Specific Fuel Consumption, Power Capacity and Emissions,%u201D SAE Paper No. 901495 published in SAE SP-832, 1990.Glassman, I., Combustion, 2nd Edition, Academic Press, New York, 1987.Product Status: In Stock See papers presented at International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition, October 1993, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Session: International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition Purchase more technical papers and save! With TechSelect, you decide what SAE Technical Papers you need, when you need them, and how much you want to pay. Learn more \\textgreater","publicationTitle":"Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc, SAE","volume":"932822","issue":"412","pages":"","date":"1993","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/932822","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://papers.sae.org/932822{\\%}5Cnhttp://papers.sae.org/932822/","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z"}}


key: SDXCI4BV
data:
  {"key":"SDXCI4BV","version":425,"data":{"key":"SDXCI4BV","version":425,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Extended modeling of decelerating turbulent jets for diesel spray's penetration after end-of-injection","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Long","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiuzhen","lastName":"Ma"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F. A.","lastName":"Magagnato"}],"abstractNote":"In order to meet the growing demand for reduction of pollutant emissions and improvement in thermal efficiency, advanced combustion modes, such as low-temperature combustion (LTC), premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI), have been adopted in modern diesel engines. Compared to conventional diesel combustion, the ignition delay becomes longer in advanced combustion modes. The longer ignition delay usually results in the fuel injection ending earlier than ignition. Therefore, the spray propagation after end-of-injection (EOI) plays a significant role in diesel combustion process, and it is needed to estimate the spray evolution and mixture formation after EOI. For this purpose, a simple and analytical diesel spray model including the spray evolution after the EOI is developed in this study. To develop the model, the theoretical analysis on the decelerating process of the turbulent jet tip is performed based on the integral momentum flux and mass flow rate of the injected fluid over the cross-sectional area at the jet tip. It is observed that the decrease of mass flow rate of the injected fluid over the tip cross-sectional area causes reduction of the momentum flux over the tip cross-sectional area and the turbulent jet tip decelerating. Then the mass flow rate of injected fluid over the tip cross-sectional area is formulated, furthermore the analytical equation of the turbulent jet tip penetration during decelerating state is derived, and the correctness of the developed analytical equation has been proved theoretically. Finally, the calculation is extended to diesel spray penetration, and the calculated results are validated against the one-dimensional discrete model and the experimental data from Engine Combustion Network (ECN) respectively.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"199","issue":"","pages":"324–331","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2017.02.105","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.02.105","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"After the end-of-injection"},{"tag":"Analytical formulation of jet penetration"},{"tag":"Decelerating state"},{"tag":"Diesel spray model"},{"tag":"Turbulent jets"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z"}}


key: ZREB4MW2
data:
  {"key":"ZREB4MW2","version":425,"data":{"key":"ZREB4MW2","version":425,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Observations of soot optical property characteristics using high-speed , multiple wavelength , extinction imaging in heavy-duty diesel sprays","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Koji","lastName":"Yasutomi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Scott A","lastName":"Skeen"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–7","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2018-01-0233.Abstract","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"diesel sprays"},{"tag":"engine emissions"},{"tag":"soot formation and oxidation"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z"}}


key: ZSC63YEV
data:
  {"key":"ZSC63YEV","version":425,"data":{"key":"ZSC63YEV","version":425,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Auto-ignitions of a methane / air mixture at high and intermediate","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"V V","lastName":"Leschevich"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"V V","lastName":"Martynenko"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"O G","lastName":"Penyazkov"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K L","lastName":"Sevrouk"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S I","lastName":"Shabunya"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Shock Waves","volume":"26","issue":"5","pages":"657–672","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1007/s00193-016-0665-9","ISSN":"1432-2153","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg","tags":[{"tag":"Auto-ignition"},{"tag":"High-speed visualization"},{"tag":"Induction time"},{"tag":"Methane"},{"tag":"Rapid compression machine"},{"tag":"Shock tube"},{"tag":"Ultrafine particles"},{"tag":"auto-ignition"},{"tag":"high-speed visualization"},{"tag":"induction time"},{"tag":"methane"},{"tag":"rapid compression machine"},{"tag":"shock tube"},{"tag":"ultrafine particles"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z"}}


key: CG42GBAY
data:
  {"key":"CG42GBAY","version":425,"data":{"key":"CG42GBAY","version":425,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A combustion model for IC engine combustion simulations with multi-component fuels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Youngchul","lastName":"Ra"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D.","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"Reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms for the oxidation of representative surrogate components of a typical multi-component automotive fuel have been developed and applied to model internal combustion engines. Starting from an existing reduced mechanism for primary reference fuel (PRF) oxidation, further improvement was made by including additional reactions and by optimizing reaction rate constants of selected reactions. Using a similar approach to that used to develop the reduced PRF mechanism, reduced mechanisms for the oxidation of n-tetradecane, toluene, cyclohexane, dimethyl ether (DME), ethanol, and methyl butanoate (MB) were built and combined with the PRF mechanism to form a multi-surrogate fuel chemistry (MultiChem) mechanism. The final version of the MultiChem mechanism consists of 113 species and 487 reactions. Validation of the present MultiChem mechanism was performed with ignition delay time measurements from shock tube tests and predictions by comprehensive mechanisms available in the literature.A combustion model was developed to simulate engine combustion with multi-component fuels using the present MultiChem mechanism, and the model was applied to simulate HCCI and DI engine combustion. The results show that the present multi-component combustion model gives reliable performance for combustion predictions, as well as computational efficiency improvements through the use of reduced mechanism for multi-dimensional CFD simulations. ?? 2010 The Combustion Institute.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"158","issue":"1","pages":"69–90","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.07.019","ISSN":"00102180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.07.019","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0010-2180\nPublisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"Auto-ignition"},{"tag":"HCCI"},{"tag":"Internal combustion engines"},{"tag":"Multi-component fuel"},{"tag":"Reduced mechanism"},{"tag":"Spray combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:41Z"}}


key: QAZJRNM2
data:
  {"key":"QAZJRNM2","version":425,"data":{"key":"QAZJRNM2","version":425,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effect of open cell metal porous media on evolution of high pressure diesel fuel spray","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Iman","lastName":"Sohrabiasl"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mofid","lastName":"Gorji-Bandpy"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alireza","lastName":"Hajialimohammadi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mostafa Agha","lastName":"Mirsalim"}],"abstractNote":"The idea of using porous media in internal combustion engines is proposed recently for charge homogenization. In this paper, the idea of using metallic porous media instead of ceramic type has been introduced and the macroscopic characteristics of high pressure diesel fuel spray has been studied in interaction with this type of porous media. High speed schlieren imaging method is used to capture the spray development process and evaluate time-dependent characteristics of the spray. The Spray characteristics such as tip penetration and spray projected area has been compared with free spray case and spray interaction with metal PM. Several parameters such as PM pore density, thickness of PM, distance between PM and injector tip has been investigated under different injection and chamber pressures. The results show that interaction with PM could reduce the spray tip velocity and increase spray projected area which proportionally increase the fuel-air mixture homogenization inside the chamber. Post processing of the spray images also indicated that the spray pattern (before and after interaction with PM) strongly depends on the PM pore density and injection pressure.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"206","issue":"","pages":"133–144","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.007","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.007","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel fuel spray"},{"tag":"Image processing"},{"tag":"Metal porous media"},{"tag":"Schlieren"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z"}}


key: YJFCCCRD
data:
  {"key":"YJFCCCRD","version":425,"data":{"key":"YJFCCCRD","version":425,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A consistent level set formulation for large-eddy simulation of premixed turbulent combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H","lastName":"Pitsch"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"143","issue":"","pages":"587–598","date":"2005","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.08.031","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"large-eddy simulation"},{"tag":"level set method"},{"tag":"premixed turbulent combustion"},{"tag":"regime diagram"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z"}}


key: GGQ3DK2V
data:
  {"key":"GGQ3DK2V","version":425,"data":{"key":"GGQ3DK2V","version":425,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A phenomenological combustion analysis of a dual-fuel natural-gas diesel engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shuonan","lastName":"Xu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"David","lastName":"Anderson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mark","lastName":"Hoffman"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robert","lastName":"Prucka"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zoran","lastName":"Filipi"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering","volume":"231","issue":"1","pages":"66–83","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1177/0954407016633337","ISSN":"09544070","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0954407016","tags":[{"tag":"Dual fuel"},{"tag":"combustion"},{"tag":"diesel"},{"tag":"natural gas"},{"tag":"triple-Wiebe function"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z"}}


key: 8S3QBG98
data:
  {"key":"8S3QBG98","version":424,"data":{"key":"8S3QBG98","version":424,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Quenching , Ignition , Flame Propagation , and Extinction in Hot- Spots at Elevated Temperature and Pressure","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jeffrey","lastName":"Santner"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S Scott","lastName":"Goldsborough"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"flame initiation"},{"tag":"mild ignition"},{"tag":"rapid compression machine"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z"}}


key: 3CYYDHTH
data:
  {"key":"3CYYDHTH","version":424,"data":{"key":"3CYYDHTH","version":424,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical Simulation of Combustion of Single Component and Multicomponent Unsupported and Fiber-supported Droplets in","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stephen K","lastName":"Robinson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Benjamin D","lastName":"Shaw"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2000","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z"}}


key: YNE4U3PB
data:
  {"key":"YNE4U3PB","version":424,"data":{"key":"YNE4U3PB","version":424,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Mean evaporation and condensation coefficients based on energy dependent condensation probability","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Maurice","lastName":"Bond"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Henning","lastName":"Struchtrup"}],"abstractNote":"A generalization of the classical Hertz-Knudsen and Schrage laws for the evaporation mass and energy fluxes at a liquid-vapor interface is derived from kinetic theory and a simple model for a velocity dependent condensation coefficient. These expressions, as well as the classical laws and simple phenomenological expressions, are then considered for the simulation of recent experiments [Phys. Rev. E 59, 419 (1999)]]. It is shown that mean condensation and evaporation coefficients in the mass flow influence the results only if they are small compared to unity and that the expression for evaporation mass flow determines the temperature of the liquid. Moreover, it is shown that the expression for evaporation energy flow plays the leading role in determining the interface temperature jump, which can be obtained in good agreement with the experiment from the generalized kinetic theory model and phenomenological approaches, but not from the classical kinetic-theory-based Hertz-Knudsen and Schrage laws. Analytical estimates show that the interface temperature jump depends strongly on the temperature gradient of the vapor just in front of the interface, which explains why much larger temperature jumps are observed in spherical geometry and the experiments as compared to planar settings.","publicationTitle":"Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics","volume":"70","issue":"6 1","pages":"1–21","date":"2004","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1103/PhysRevE.70.061605","ISSN":"15393755","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"PMID: 15697379","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z"}}


key: A8X2BDC3
data:
  {"key":"A8X2BDC3","version":424,"data":{"key":"A8X2BDC3","version":424,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental Optimization of a Small Bore Natural Gas-Diesel Dual Fuel Engine with Direct Fuel Injection","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Paul","lastName":"Fasching"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Florian","lastName":"Sprenger"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Helmut","lastName":"Eichlseder"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE International Journal of Engines","volume":"9","issue":"2","pages":"2016–01–0783","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0783","ISSN":"1946-3944","shortTitle":"","url":"http://papers.sae.org/2016-01-0783/","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z"}}


key: GNTKX9DU
data:
  {"key":"GNTKX9DU","version":424,"data":{"key":"GNTKX9DU","version":424,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Integration of a Continuous Multi-Component Fuel Evaporation Model with an Improved G-Equation Combustion and Detailed Chemical Kinetics Model with Application to GDI Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shiyou","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z"}}


key: XRE53YCW
data:
  {"key":"XRE53YCW","version":424,"data":{"key":"XRE53YCW","version":424,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Multicomponent-Fuel-Film-Vaporization Model for Multidimensional Computations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yangbing","lastName":"Zeng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chia-fon","lastName":"Lee"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Journal of Propulsion and Power","volume":"1","issue":"2000","pages":"","date":"2000","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004","ISSN":"1098-6596","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9788578110796\n_eprint: arXiv:1011.1669v3\nPMID: 25246403","tags":[{"tag":"icle"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z"}}


key: 6AHIH9UG
data:
  {"key":"6AHIH9UG","version":424,"data":{"key":"6AHIH9UG","version":424,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Potential of a jet-induced shock wave to influence an upstream droplet cloud in compression-ignition engines using multiple injection strategies","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Pascal","lastName":"Tétrault"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Patrice","lastName":"Seers"}],"abstractNote":"High-pressure diesel-fuel sprays have been shown to emit shock wave under certain conditions, while the advanced injection strategy used in internal-combustion engines involve multiple injections taking place within a short time frame. Experimental study of double injection has shown in two instances that the first fuel-spray cloud could be accelerated before the arrival of the second fuel spray. Herein, it is hypothesized that a shock wave emitted from an injection interacts with the fuel-spray cloud of a preceding injection and is responsible of a push-away mechanism on the first droplet cloud reported on in the literature. In this context, the shock waves emitted by fuel-spray jets with a commercial 5-hole diesel injector injecting into a pressure vessel were characterized with schlieren visualizations and dynamic pressure measurements taken with single- and double-injection strategies. The experimental results confirm the shock presence based on schlieren measurements. The measured shock conditions show a different shock topology from most shock-tube experiments as the expansion wave closely followed the shock front, resulting in a thin shocked region and a short duration of the droplet exposition to the post-shock gas conditions. Experimental measurements were then used as initial conditions in a 1D multiphase simulation model allowing simulation of the shock-wave interaction with the droplet cloud under engine-related conditions. The model was used to conduct a parametric study on the droplet-cloud characteristics and showed that, as the cloud density increased, the shock intensity and droplet-induced velocity decreased. Finally, the model was used to illustrate that the push-away interaction mechanism could be explained by the shock wave-fuel-droplet-cloud interaction.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"101","issue":"","pages":"64–73","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.01.001","ISSN":"03019322","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel spray"},{"tag":"Fuel injection"},{"tag":"Momentum transfer"},{"tag":"Multiple injections"},{"tag":"Shock-wave"},{"tag":"Spray penetration"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z"}}


key: ADEEB883
data:
  {"key":"ADEEB883","version":424,"data":{"key":"ADEEB883","version":424,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Development of a reduced n-dodecane-PAH mechanism and its application for n-dodecane soot predictions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hu","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Youngchul","lastName":"Ra"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ming","lastName":"Jia"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D.","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"A reduced n-dodecane-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mechanism is presented for modeling the combustion and soot formation processes of n-dodecane and compared with the optical studies conducted in the constant volume vessel from the engine combustion network (ECN). The proposed reduced n-dodecane-PAH mechanism consists of 100 species and 432 reactions, and it is also validated with available ignition delays and species concentration profiles from shock tubes and jet stirred reactors (JSR). The fuel-air mixing process of non-reacting n-dodecane sprays was validated with available liquid and vapor penetration, and fuel mixture fraction distribution data. The proposed mechanism was coupled with a multi-step soot model to predict the combustion and soot formation processes. The effects of ambient temperature, density, oxygen concentration, injection pressure and also reaction mechanism on soot formation are analyzed and discussed. The results show that the simulations capture the important characteristics of the soot formation process. Increasing injection pressure and ambient oxygen concentration helps soot reduction by either enhancing the mixing process to suppress the soot formation rate, or by increasing the available oxygen to accelerate the soot oxidation rate, while higher ambient temperature and density have negative effects on soot formation. In addition, comparisons between results with the proposed n-dodecane mechanism and a reduced n-heptane mechanism show that the general combustion characteristics are quite similar. However, the n-heptane mechanism tends to predict longer ignition delays and lift-off lengths under spray combustion conditions, although the predicted ignition delay of n-heptane is very close to or even shorter than n-dodecane under homogeneous conditions. This observation shows that although the simulations provide reasonable combustion and soot predictions under a wide range of operating conditions, more effort is still needed to refine chemical kinetic mechanisms. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"136","issue":"x","pages":"25–36","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2014.07.028","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.07.028","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"CFD"},{"tag":"Kinetic mechanism"},{"tag":"PAH"},{"tag":"Soot"},{"tag":"n-Dodecane"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:40Z"}}


key: FCUILEVZ
data:
  {"key":"FCUILEVZ","version":424,"data":{"key":"FCUILEVZ","version":424,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"by","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kevin","lastName":"Gott"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"May","pages":"","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z"}}


key: V9UMHVWV
data:
  {"key":"V9UMHVWV","version":424,"data":{"key":"V9UMHVWV","version":424,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A global pathway selection algorithm for the reduction of detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiang","lastName":"Gao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Suo","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wenting","lastName":"Sun"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"167","issue":"","pages":"238–247","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.02.007","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.02.007","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Element path flux"},{"tag":"Global path selection"},{"tag":"Shortest p"},{"tag":"global path selection"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z"}}


key: PEUCTNS6
data:
  {"key":"PEUCTNS6","version":423,"data":{"key":"PEUCTNS6","version":423,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Multiple Injections Study Based on an Advanced Combustion Investigation System","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wenbin","lastName":"Yu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wenming","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Balaji","lastName":"Mohan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kunlin","lastName":"Tay"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Feiyang","lastName":"Zhao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Siaw Kiang","lastName":"Chou"}],"abstractNote":"An advanced combustion investigation system was established in this paper. Based on this system, the multiple-injection spray development under various operating conditions was presented. The experiment result shows that the effect of ambient pressure and injection pressure on multiple injection spray are very conspicuous, especially the effect of injection fluctuation on multiple injections.","publicationTitle":"Energy Procedia","volume":"75","issue":"","pages":"900–905","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.222","ISSN":"18766102","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.222","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier B.V.","tags":[{"tag":"advanced combustion investigation system"},{"tag":"injection pressure"},{"tag":"multiple injections"},{"tag":"spray"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z"}}


key: VJZJT5H7
data:
  {"key":"VJZJT5H7","version":423,"data":{"key":"VJZJT5H7","version":423,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Multicomponent Fuel Spark Ignition and Combustion Models","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Baifang","lastName":"Zuo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Christopher J","lastName":"Rutland"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"724","pages":"","date":"2001","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2001-01-3605","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z"}}


key: 87I8XNY6
data:
  {"key":"87I8XNY6","version":423,"data":{"key":"87I8XNY6","version":423,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Theoretical study of the effects of pilot fuel quantity and its injection timing on the performance and emissions of a dual fuel diesel engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R. G.","lastName":"Papagiannakis"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D. T.","lastName":"Hountalas"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C. D.","lastName":"Rakopoulos"}],"abstractNote":"Various solutions have been proposed for improving the combustion process of conventional diesel engines and reducing the exhaust emissions without making serious modifications on the engine, one of which is the use of natural gas as a supplement for the conventional diesel fuel, the so called dual fuel natural gas diesel engines. The most common type of these is referred to as the pilot ignited natural gas diesel engine (PINGDE). Here, the primary fuel is natural gas that controls the engine power output, while the pilot diesel fuel injected near the end of the compression stroke auto-ignites and creates ignition sources for the surrounding gaseous fuel mixture to be burned. Previous research studies have shown that the main disadvantage of this dual fuel combustion is its negative impact on engine efficiency compared to the normal diesel operation, while carbon monoxide emissions are also increased. The pilot diesel fuel quantity and injection advance influence significantly the combustion mechanism. Then, in order to examine the effect of these two parameters on the performance and emissions, a comprehensive two-zone phenomenological model is employed and applied on a high-speed, pilot ignited, natural gas diesel engine located at the authors' laboratory. According to the results, the simultaneously increase of the pilot fuel quantity accompanied with an increase of its injection timing results to an improvement of the engine efficiency (increase) and of the emitted CO emissions (decrease) while it has a negative effect (increase) of NO emissions. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"48","issue":"11","pages":"2951–2961","date":"2007","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.enconman.2007.07.003","ISSN":"01968904","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0196-8904","tags":[{"tag":"Combustion"},{"tag":"Dual fuel diesel engine"},{"tag":"Emissions"},{"tag":"Injection timing"},{"tag":"Natural gas"},{"tag":"Pilot ignition"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z"}}


key: PZYTZJ9V
data:
  {"key":"PZYTZJ9V","version":423,"data":{"key":"PZYTZJ9V","version":423,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Characterization of Diesel Common Rail Spray Behavior for Single- and Double-hole Nozzles","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"a","lastName":"Matsumoto"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"X","lastName":"Xie"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M","lastName":"Lai"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R E","lastName":"Winsor"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"T C","lastName":"Huynh"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Int. J. Engines","volume":"1","issue":"1","pages":"1144–1156","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2008-01-2424","ISSN":"19463936","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z"}}


key: 9K2HXWEW
data:
  {"key":"9K2HXWEW","version":423,"data":{"key":"9K2HXWEW","version":423,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Extension of the Eddy Dissipation Concept for turbulence/chemistry interactions to MILD combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alessandro","lastName":"Parente"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohammad Rafi","lastName":"Malik"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Francesco","lastName":"Contino"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alberto","lastName":"Cuoci"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bassam B.","lastName":"Dally"}],"abstractNote":"Over the past 30 years, the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) has been widely applied in the industry for the numerical simulations of turbulent combustion problems. The success of the EDC is mainly due to its ability to incorporate detailed chemical mechanisms at an affordable computational cost compared to some other models. Detailed kinetic schemes are necessary in order to capture turbulent flames where there is strong coupling between the turbulence and chemical kinetics. Such flames are found in Moderate and Intense Low-oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion, where chemical time scales are increased compared with conventional combustion, mainly because of slower reactions (due to the dilution of reactants). Recent modelling studies have highlighted limitations of the standard EDC model when applied to the simulation of MILD systems, noticeably a significant overestimation of temperature levels. Modifications of the model coefficients were proposed to account for the specific features of MILD combustion, i.e. an extension of the reaction region and the reduction of maximum temperatures. The purpose of the present paper is to provide functional expressions showing the dependency of the EDC coefficients on dimensionless flow parameters such as the Reynolds and Damköhler numbers, taking into account the specific features of the MILD combustion regime, where the presence of hot diluent and its influence on the flow and mixing fields impacts on the reaction rate and thermal field. The approach is validated using detailed experimental data from flames stabilized on the Adelaide Jet in Hot Co-flow (JHC) burner at different co-flow compositions (3%, 6% and 9% O2 mass fraction) and fuel-jet Reynolds numbers (5000, 10,000 and 20,000). Results show promising improvement with respect to the standard EDC formulation, especially at diluted conditions and medium to low Reynolds numbers.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"163","issue":"","pages":"98–111","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.020","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.020","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Eddy Dissipation Concept"},{"tag":"Energy cascade model"},{"tag":"Flameless combustion"},{"tag":"MILD combustion"},{"tag":"Turbulence/chemistry interactions"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z"}}


key: ZCE4K7D5
data:
  {"key":"ZCE4K7D5","version":423,"data":{"key":"ZCE4K7D5","version":423,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effect of CO 2 Addition on Syngas Ignition Delay Times in a Shock Tube","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Samuel","lastName":"Barak"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Owen","lastName":"Pryor"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Joseph","lastName":"Lopez"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Erik","lastName":"Ninnemann"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Subith","lastName":"Vasu"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"chemical kinetics"},{"tag":"co 2"},{"tag":"ignition delay times"},{"tag":"shock tube"},{"tag":"syngas"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z"}}


key: YRI93SQT
data:
  {"key":"YRI93SQT","version":423,"data":{"key":"YRI93SQT","version":423,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Combustion , performance , regulated and unregulated emissions of a diesel engine with hydrogen addition","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J H","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C S","lastName":"Cheung"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C W","lastName":"Leung"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Applied Energy","volume":"126","issue":"x","pages":"1–12","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.03.089","ISSN":"0306-2619","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.03.089","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z"}}


key: 5F5J5N2Y
data:
  {"key":"5F5J5N2Y","version":423,"data":{"key":"5F5J5N2Y","version":423,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"An investigation of in situ adaptive tabulation for premixed and nonpremixed combustion engine simulations with primary reference fuel mechanism","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Lei","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Haiqiao","lastName":"Wei"}],"abstractNote":"The object of this work is to enhance the ISAT performance for transient combustion simulations for both premixed and non-premixed combustion process. In this work, dynamic pruning (DP) strategy for not-frequently-accessed tabulated points has been employed. For DP approach, the action considered when the table is full is to delete the most recently used leaf (at the tail of most recently used leaf) and replace it by the new entry in ISAT. The performances of ISAT with DP are presented firstly both in a homogenous charged compression ignition (HCCI) engine and a diesel engine. In present study, we investigate the sensitivity of ignition and composition inhomogeneity to heat loss/chemistry model for HCCI combustion. Composition inhomogeneity is governed by heat loss, turbulence diffusion and chemical reaction. Meanwhile, the effect of composition and temperature inhomogeneity on chemistry acceleration with ISAT-DP is studied in detail. It is shown that, ISAT-DP method can effectively reduce computational cost and achieve a large speedup factor of around 2 compared with original ISAT method. Memory size in ISAT has a tight influence on computational efficiency. And an overall speed up factor of around 4 for diesel engine is also achieved.","publicationTitle":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"111","issue":"x","pages":"526–536","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.09.141","ISSN":"13594311","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.09.141","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Composition inhomogeneity"},{"tag":"Engine"},{"tag":"Heat loss"},{"tag":"ISAT"},{"tag":"Pruning"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z"}}


key: MYK9CCPY
data:
  {"key":"MYK9CCPY","version":423,"data":{"key":"MYK9CCPY","version":423,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A consistent, scalable model for Eulerian spray modeling","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Pandal"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J. M.","lastName":"Pastor"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J. M.","lastName":"García-Oliver"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"E.","lastName":"Baldwin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D. P.","lastName":"Schmidt"}],"abstractNote":"Despite great practical interest in how sprays emanate from fuel injectors, the near-nozzle region has remained a challenge for spray modelers. Recently, Eulerian models have shown promise in capturing the fast gas-liquid interactions in the near field. However, with the inclusion of compressibility, it can be difficult to maintain consistency between the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic variables. In order to resolve numerical inconsistencies that occur in segregated solutions of Eulerian spray model equations as well as to provide good scalability and stability, a new construction of a σ-Y model is introduced. This construction is built around an IMEX-RK3 algorithm which offers accuracy and efficiency. The new algorithm is compared to an existing implementation for speed and is validated against experimental measurements of spray evolution in order to test the accuracy. The predictions of the new construction are slightly more accurate and, when tested on 256 processors, are 34 times faster.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"83","issue":"","pages":"162–171","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2016.04.003","ISSN":"03019322","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0301-9322","tags":[{"tag":"CFD"},{"tag":"Diesel spray"},{"tag":"Eulerian"},{"tag":"IMEX-RK3 algorithm"},{"tag":"Near-field"},{"tag":"OpenFOAM®"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:39Z"}}


key: 66NK4PNC
data:
  {"key":"66NK4PNC","version":423,"data":{"key":"66NK4PNC","version":423,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Simultaneous imaging of diesel spray atomisation and evaporation processes in a single-cylinder CR diesel engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohammad Reza","lastName":"Herfatmanesh"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohammadreza Anbari","lastName":"Attar"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hua","lastName":"Zhao"}],"abstractNote":"In direct injection diesel engines, combustion and formation of pollutants are directly influenced by the spatial and temporal distributions of the injected fuel. In this study mixture formation during the pre-combustion phase of a diesel engine was investigated using the laser-induced exciplex fluorescence (LIEF) technique. The main purpose of this investigation was to develop an experimental setup capable of providing the full-field view of both liquid and vapour phases of evaporating diesel sprays during the fuel injection process inside the combustion chamber of a diesel engine with optical access. An expanded laser beam was employed for full combustion chamber visualisation. In this study two model fuels were tested; one consisted of 89% decane, 10% α-methyl-naphthalene and 1% TMPD and the other 88% decane, 10% α-methyl-naphthalene and 2% TMPD. The spray atomisation and evaporation processes during the pre-combustion phase of a diesel engine were measured at an injection pressure of 1200. bar and the engine speed of 1500. rpm. The results demonstrated the capability of the full-field LIEF technique in simultaneous imaging of liquid fraction and fuel vapour distribution during high pressure fuel injection process. It also highlighted the effect of dopant concentration on the fluorescence intensity of liquid and vapour signals. The exciplex system containing 1% TMPD produced better visualisation of the liquid phase, though the crosstalk in the vapour phase precluded accurate detection of the vapour phase signal. In contrast, the exciplex system containing 2% TMPD resulted in satisfactory visualisation of the vapour phase; however the intensity of the liquid phase was compromised as a result. This was presumed to be mainly due to the spectral shift of the exciplex species and/or TMPD decomposition at elevated temperatures and pressures. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.","publicationTitle":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"50","issue":"","pages":"10–20","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2013.04.019","ISSN":"08941777","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2013.04.019","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel engine"},{"tag":"Evaporating diesel sprays"},{"tag":"Injection rate"},{"tag":"LIEF"},{"tag":"Mixture formation"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:38Z"}}


key: ZRZ6RD3F
data:
  {"key":"ZRZ6RD3F","version":422,"data":{"key":"ZRZ6RD3F","version":422,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Study of the effect of ambient vapour concentration on the spray structure of an evaporating n-hexane spray","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Manas Kumar","lastName":"Pal"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shamit","lastName":"Bakshi"}],"abstractNote":"The characteristics of fuel spray is a widely investigated area of research. From these studies the effect of parameters like injection pressure, ambient pressure, temperature, ambient density are well known. Ambient vapour concentration play a crucial role in droplet evaporation. So spray structure can get influenced with ambient vapour concentration through the heating and evaporation process. The present paper deals with this subject. To study the effect of ambient concentration alone, it is important to conduct the experiments at same thermodynamic conditions. This paper presents a methodology in which the spray characteristics can be studied at different ambient concentration of the vapour while maintaining the same ambient pressure, temperature and density. The effect of vapour concentration on spray is presented in terms of spray penetration, cone angle, projected spray area and liquid length for a n-hexane spray. The effects of heating and evaporation of the spray are discussed in the context of available correlation for liquid length.","publicationTitle":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"88","issue":"July","pages":"566–575","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.07.013","ISSN":"08941777","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.07.013","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0894-1777\nPublisher: Elsevier","tags":[{"tag":"Spray evaporation"},{"tag":"n-Hexane spray"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:38Z"}}


key: CYMPNBW7
data:
  {"key":"CYMPNBW7","version":422,"data":{"key":"CYMPNBW7","version":422,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The constant-volume propagating spherical flame method for laminar flame speed measurement","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mahdi","lastName":"Faghih"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zheng","lastName":"Chen"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Science Bulletin","volume":"61","issue":"16","pages":"1296–1310","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1007/s11434-016-1143-6","ISSN":"2095-9273","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-016-1143-6","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 1143401611\nPublisher: Elsevier B.V. and Science China Press","tags":[{"tag":"Burned mass fraction"},{"tag":"Constant-volume method"},{"tag":"Laminar flame speed"},{"tag":"Methane/air"},{"tag":"Propagating spherical flame"},{"tag":"air"},{"tag":"laminar flame speed á"},{"tag":"mass fraction á methane"},{"tag":"method á burned"},{"tag":"propagating"},{"tag":"spherical flame á constant-volume"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:38Z"}}


key: FUXA2PHH
data:
  {"key":"FUXA2PHH","version":422,"data":{"key":"FUXA2PHH","version":422,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The turbulent burning velocity for large-scale and small-scale turbulence","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N","lastName":"Peters"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","volume":"384","issue":"1999","pages":"107–132","date":"1999","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Wayne State Univ Libraries","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:38Z"}}


key: VCW8QYM6
data:
  {"key":"VCW8QYM6","version":422,"data":{"key":"VCW8QYM6","version":422,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Macroscopic and microscopic characterization of diesel spray under room temperature and low temperature with split injection","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ziman","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Changzhao","lastName":"Jiang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hongming","lastName":"Xu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Miroslaw L.","lastName":"Wyszynski"}],"abstractNote":"The diesel spray morphology characteristics in the near-field and far-field were studied under both room temperature (RT, 25 °C) and low temperature (LT, - 2 °C) with high speed imaging technique. The microscopic characteristics, namely droplet velocity and droplet size were then investigated with a Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) under the same conditions. Single injection and split-injection strategies were employed. It was found that the increased viscosity under LT caused less injected fuel and obviously poorer dispersion thus smaller spray area and slower penetration compared with RT. Split-injection strategy significantly varied spray characteristics under LT while the raised injection pressure greatly narrowed the difference between split injections caused by this cutting-edge injection strategy. The higher surface tension under LT enabled the droplets to keep stable and retain the spheroidal shape. Consequently, higher droplet velocity and larger size were detected under LT. In addition, strong collision for split injection strategy resulted in larger droplets compared with single injection and LT further deteriorated the poor dispersion.","publicationTitle":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"142","issue":"","pages":"71–85","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.10.007","ISSN":"03783820","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.10.007","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0378-3820\nPublisher: Elsevier B.V.","tags":[{"tag":"Cold condition"},{"tag":"Diesel spray"},{"tag":"Microscopic characteristics"},{"tag":"Split injection"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:38Z"}}


key: FWZQXYZB
data:
  {"key":"FWZQXYZB","version":422,"data":{"key":"FWZQXYZB","version":422,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effect of Cooled Egr on Modified Light Duty Diesel Engine for Combustion, Performance and Emissions Under High Pressure Split Injection Strategies","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","name":"Gautamedara"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Y.V.V.","lastName":"SatyanarayanaMurthy"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Paleti","lastName":"Srinivas"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jayashri","lastName":"Nayar"},{"creatorType":"author","name":"Merigalaramesh"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"12","issue":"February","pages":"188–202","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.csite.2018.03.004","ISSN":"2214157X","shortTitle":"","url":"http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214157X18300455","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Combustion"},{"tag":"EGR"},{"tag":"High pressure injection"},{"tag":"Ignition delay"},{"tag":"NOx"},{"tag":"Retarded injection"},{"tag":"Split injection"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:38Z"}}


key: 63U3T5K6
data:
  {"key":"63U3T5K6","version":422,"data":{"key":"63U3T5K6","version":422,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Reduction and validation of a chemical kinetic mechanism including necessity analysis and investigation of CH 4 / C 3 H 8 oxidation at pressures up to 120 bar using a rapid compression machine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robert F","lastName":"Pachler"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ajoy K","lastName":"Ramalingam"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K Alexander","lastName":"Heufer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Franz","lastName":"Winter"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"FUEL","volume":"172","issue":"","pages":"139–145","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.12.044","ISSN":"0016-2361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.12.044","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:38Z"}}


key: UZF63HEW
data:
  {"key":"UZF63HEW","version":422,"data":{"key":"UZF63HEW","version":422,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Hydrogen supplement co-combustion with diesel in compression ignition engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohammad O","lastName":"Hamdan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohamed Y E","lastName":"Selim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Emad","lastName":"Elnajjar"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Renewable Energy","volume":"82","issue":"","pages":"54–60","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.renene.2014.08.019","ISSN":"0960-1481","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.08.019","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"compression ignition engine"},{"tag":"hydrogen supplement combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:38Z"}}


key: VXS7B293
data:
  {"key":"VXS7B293","version":422,"data":{"key":"VXS7B293","version":422,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Differential equation based constrained reinitialization for level set methods","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Daniel","lastName":"Hartmann"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matthias","lastName":"Meinke"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wolfgang","lastName":"Schro"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"227","issue":"","pages":"6821–6845","date":"2008","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.jcp.2008.03.040","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"distance function"},{"tag":"eikonal equation"},{"tag":"g equation"},{"tag":"localized level set method"},{"tag":"reinitialization"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:38Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:38Z"}}


key: C8QV2JDK
data:
  {"key":"C8QV2JDK","version":422,"data":{"key":"C8QV2JDK","version":422,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"ASYMPTOTIC GROWTH RATES AND STRONG BENDING OF Downloaded 01 / 29 / 17 to 35 . 16 . 120 . 93 . Redistribution subject to SIAM license or copyright ; see http://www.siam.org/journals/ojsa.php unburned fluid ሬԦ ሺݔሻ flame front burned fluid","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Two-dimensional Incompressible Periodic","lastName":"Flows"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"46","issue":"4","pages":"2444–2467","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"bending effect"},{"tag":"cat"},{"tag":"front speed"},{"tag":"g-equation"},{"tag":"invariant measure"},{"tag":"large flow"},{"tag":"optimal control"},{"tag":"periodic orbit"},{"tag":"rotation vector"},{"tag":"s-eye flow"},{"tag":"travel time of flow"},{"tag":"turbulent flame speed"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:37Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:37Z"}}


key: DY29VHBS
data:
  {"key":"DY29VHBS","version":422,"data":{"key":"DY29VHBS","version":422,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Multi-environment PDF modeling for n-dodecane spray combustion processes using tabulated chemistry","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Namsu","lastName":"Kim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kiyoung","lastName":"Jung"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yongmo","lastName":"Kim"}],"abstractNote":"The multi-environment probability density function approach together with a tabulated chemistry model has been developed to numerically simulate spray combustion processes under Diesel-like combustion conditions. In this study, the joint composition PDF is approximated using the multi-environment PDF, consisting of a combination of weights and weighted scalars in both chemical composition space and physical space. To account for the auto-ignition process and subsequent flame propagation, a flamelet generated manifold is generated by utilizing steady and unsteady flamelet solutions. The spray dynamics are represented by the state-of-art physical models in context with the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. The RANS-based computations are made for the n-dodecane non-reacting and reacting spray jets. In terms of spray and vapor penetration, the mean and rms mixture fraction, ignition delay, and lift-off height, the numerical results are in reasonably good agreement with the available experimental data of the Engine Combustion Network. Based on the numerical results, detailed discussions are made for the effects of the ambient conditions on the structures and characteristics of high-pressure Diesel-fueled spray jet flames.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"192","issue":"","pages":"205–220","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.02.004","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.02.004","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Autoignition"},{"tag":"Diesel spray combustion"},{"tag":"Flame liftoff"},{"tag":"Flamelet generated manifolds"},{"tag":"Multi-environment probability density function"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:37Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:37Z"}}


key: BHHFK4GH
data:
  {"key":"BHHFK4GH","version":442,"data":{"key":"BHHFK4GH","version":442,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Extension of PREMIER combustion operation range using split micro pilot fuel injection in a dual fuel natural gas compression ignition engine : A performance-based and visual investigation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Cagdas","lastName":"Aksu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nobuyuki","lastName":"Kawahara"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kazuya","lastName":"Tsuboi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Morio","lastName":"Kondo"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"185","issue":"","pages":"243–253","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.07.120","ISSN":"0016-2361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.07.120","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"dual fuel combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:57Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:57Z"}}


key: SF6BS45J
data:
  {"key":"SF6BS45J","version":442,"data":{"key":"SF6BS45J","version":442,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Ignition , Combustion and Exhaust Emission Characteristics of Micro-pilot Ignited Dual-fuel Engine Operated under PREMIER Combustion Mode","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ulugbek","lastName":"Azimov"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Eiji","lastName":"Tomita"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nobuyuki","lastName":"Kawahara"}],"abstractNote":"The objective of this study is to investigate the performance and emissions in a pilot-ignited supercharged dual-fuel engine, fueled with different types of gaseous fuels under various equivalence ratios. It is found that if certain operating conditions are maintained, conventional dual-fuel engine combustion mode can be transformed to the combustion mode with the two-stage heat release. This mode of combustion was called the PREMIER (PREmixed Mixture Ignition in the End-gas Region) combustion. During PREMIER combustion, initially, the combustion progresses as the premixed flame propagation and then, due to the mixture autoignition in the end-gas region, ahead of the propagating flame front, the transition occurs with the rapid increase in the heat release rate","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z"}}


key: CXD29Y9D
data:
  {"key":"CXD29Y9D","version":442,"data":{"key":"CXD29Y9D","version":442,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Laminar flame speed and Markstein length of syngas at normal and elevated pressures and temperatures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yuhua","lastName":"Ai"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhen","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zheng","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wenjun","lastName":"Kong"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"FUEL","volume":"137","issue":"","pages":"339–345","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2014.08.004","ISSN":"0016-2361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.08.004","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z"}}


key: LQXBBZGC
data:
  {"key":"LQXBBZGC","version":442,"data":{"key":"LQXBBZGC","version":442,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Computational Analysis of Combustion of High and Low Cetane Fuels in a Compression Ignition Engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chaitanya","lastName":"Kavuri"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Satbir","lastName":"Singh"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sundar","lastName":"Rajan Krishnan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kalyan","lastName":"Kumar Srinivasan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stephen","lastName":"Ciatti"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","volume":"136","issue":"12","pages":"121506","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1115/1.4027927","ISSN":"0742-4795","shortTitle":"","url":"http://gasturbinespower.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?doi=10.1115/1.4027927","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z"}}


key: QVLR4QNN
data:
  {"key":"QVLR4QNN","version":441,"data":{"key":"QVLR4QNN","version":441,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Modeling Knock in Spark-Ignition Engines Using a G-equation Combustion Model Incorporating Detailed Chemical Kinetics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Long","lastName":"Liang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Claudia O.","lastName":"Iyer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jianwen","lastName":"Yi"}],"abstractNote":"In this paper, knock in a Ford single cylinder directinjection spark-ignition (DISI) engine was modeled and investigated using the KIVA-3V code with a G-equation combustion model coupled with detailed chemical kinetics. The deflagrative turbulent flame propagation was described by the G-equation combustion model. A 22-species, 42-reaction iso-octane (iC8H18) mechanism was adopted to model the auto-ignition process of the gasoline/air/residual-gas mixture ahead of the flame front. The iso-octane mechanism was originally validated by ignition delay tests in a rapid compression machine. In this study, the mechanism was tested by comparing the simulated ignition delay time in a constant volume mesh with the values measured in a shock tube under different initial temperature, pressure and equivalence ratio conditions, and acceptable agreements were obtained. The mechanism was further validated by modeling a gasoline homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine at both low and high engine speeds. The G-equation combustion model was validated on the Ford DISI engine with spark advance and intake manifold pressure sweeps. Based on the model validation, knocking combustion under boost and globally stoichiometric operating conditions was simulated. Finally, knock mitigation strategies using cooled EGR and/or two-stage mixing were assessed based on the numerical analysis.","publicationTitle":"Sae","volume":"2007-01-01","issue":"724","pages":"776–0790","date":"2007","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2007-01-0165","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z"}}


key: ATWJEBQW
data:
  {"key":"ATWJEBQW","version":441,"data":{"key":"ATWJEBQW","version":441,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Soot and spectral radiation modeling for high-pressure turbulent spray flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sebastian Ferreyro","lastName":"Fernandez"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C.","lastName":"Paul"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Sircar"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Imren"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D. C.","lastName":"Haworth"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S.","lastName":"Roy"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M. F.","lastName":"Modest"}],"abstractNote":"A transported probability density function (PDF) method and a photon Monte Carlo/line-by-line (PMC/LBL) spectral model are exercised to generate physical insight into soot processes and spectral radiation characteristics in transient high-pressure turbulent n-dodecane spray flames, under conditions that are relevant for compression-ignition piston engines. PDF model results are compared with experimental measurements and with results from a locally well-stirred reactor (WSR) model that neglects unresolved turbulent fluctuations in composition and temperature. Computed total soot mass and soot spatial distributions are highly sensitive to the modeling of unresolved turbulent fluctuations. To achieve reasonable agreement between model and experiment and to capture the highly intermittent nature of soot in the turbulent flame, it is necessary to accurately represent mixing and the low diffusivity of soot particles. This is accomplished in the PDF framework using a mixing model that enforces locality in the gas-phase composition space, while not mixing the transported soot variables. The results suggest that mixing is at least as important as kinetics in controlling soot formation and evolution in high-pressure turbulent flames. Regarding radiation, radiant fractions and global influences of radiation in these flames are relatively small. Nevertheless, an examination of spectral radiative heat transfer provides valuable insight into the nature and modeling of radiation in high-pressure turbulent combustion systems. There are complex spectral interactions that are revealed using PMC/LBL. CO2dominates the total radiative emission and reabsorption, but most of the emitted CO2radiation is reabsorbed before reaching the walls. On the other hand, most of the emitted soot radiation reaches the walls, but soot radiation is a small contribution overall; H2O dominates the radiation that reaches the walls. Global turbulence–radiation interactions (TRI) effects are small, but radiative emission from soot increases by approximately a factor two when TRI are considered. Radiative transfer contributes both to energy redistribution in the vessel and to wall heat losses. The results suggest that a simple model that considers soot radiation and the principal CO2and H2O spectral bands might be sufficient to capture the key influences of radiation in engine CFD. It is expected that these findings will contribute to the development of truly predictive CFD models for engines and other high-pressure turbulent combustion systems.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"190","issue":"","pages":"402–415","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.12.016","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 00102180","tags":[{"tag":"Compression-ignition engine"},{"tag":"Computational fluid dynamics"},{"tag":"PDF method"},{"tag":"Soot"},{"tag":"Spectral radiation"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z"}}


key: LK6CQ9IG
data:
  {"key":"LK6CQ9IG","version":441,"data":{"key":"LK6CQ9IG","version":441,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Studies of the Turbulent Burning Velocity","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Turbulent","lastName":"Burning"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Velocity","lastName":"Author"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bray","lastName":"Source"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"The","lastName":"Royal"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Society","lastName":"Stable"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Mathematical and physical Sciences","volume":"431","issue":"1882","pages":"315–335","date":"1990","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z"}}


key: DR7AMYC3
data:
  {"key":"DR7AMYC3","version":441,"data":{"key":"DR7AMYC3","version":441,"itemType":"thesis","title":"Multidimensional Modeling of Combustion and Knock in Spark-Ignition Engines with Detailed Chemical Kinetics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Liang","lastName":"Long"}],"abstractNote":"A G -equation-based multidimensional combustion model incorporating detailed chemical kinetics was developed and implemented in KIVA-3V for spark-ignition (SI) engine simulations. The integrated model simulates the turbulent flame propagation, pollutant formation, flame quenching and knocking combustion processes in SI engines, and was applied to both homogeneous charge and direct-injections (DI) SI engines. The G -equation method is employed to track the position of the mean turbulent flame front surface. A progress variable concept is introduced into the turbulent flame speed correlation to account for the laminar to turbulent evolution of the spark kernel flame. The laminar flame speed correlation was also updated to take the mixture stratification effect into account. A new method based on tracking the subgrid-scale burnt/unburnt volumes of the flame-containing cells is proposed for the primary heat release calculation. In the post flame zone, detailed hydrocarbon fuel oxidation mechanisms coupled with a reduced NO x mechanism are applied for modeling secondary heat release and NOx formation. The chemical kinetic mechanisms are also applied in front of the flame front for engine knock modeling. The detailed iso -octane mechanism used to simulate gasoline fuel combustion was validated using ignition delay test data in a shock tube and measured pressure data of a gasoline homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. The SI engines used for model validation include a Caterpillar propane engine, a two-stroke marine GDI engine and a Ford engine operating in both port-fuel-injection (PFI) mode and DI mode. Good agreement between simulated and measured in-cylinder pressure traces and engine-out emissions was obtained over a wide range of operating conditions. Based on model validation, knocking combustion processes in the Ford engine under boost conditions was modeled. Knock mitigation strategies using cooled EGR and split-injection were assessed based on the numerical study. As an independent topic, a semi-implicit numerical solver for detailed chemistry was developed aiming at improving computational efficiency. The present solver was successfully applied to diesel engine simulations and 40–70% CPU time savings were achieved compared to the standard CHEMKIN.","thesisType":"PhD Thesis","university":"University of Wsconsin-Madison","place":"","date":"2006","numPages":"179","language":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z"}}


key: Y7DUJ9PI
data:
  {"key":"Y7DUJ9PI","version":441,"data":{"key":"Y7DUJ9PI","version":441,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Dual Fuel Combustion Study Using 3D CFD Tool","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zainal","lastName":"Abidin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Radu","lastName":"Florea"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Timothy","lastName":"Callahan"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0595.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z"}}


key: UWBZ7VA3
data:
  {"key":"UWBZ7VA3","version":441,"data":{"key":"UWBZ7VA3","version":441,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Extended modeling of decelerating turbulent jets for diesel spray's penetration after end-of-injection","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Long","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiuzhen","lastName":"Ma"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F. A.","lastName":"Magagnato"}],"abstractNote":"In order to meet the growing demand for reduction of pollutant emissions and improvement in thermal efficiency, advanced combustion modes, such as low-temperature combustion (LTC), premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI), have been adopted in modern diesel engines. Compared to conventional diesel combustion, the ignition delay becomes longer in advanced combustion modes. The longer ignition delay usually results in the fuel injection ending earlier than ignition. Therefore, the spray propagation after end-of-injection (EOI) plays a significant role in diesel combustion process, and it is needed to estimate the spray evolution and mixture formation after EOI. For this purpose, a simple and analytical diesel spray model including the spray evolution after the EOI is developed in this study. To develop the model, the theoretical analysis on the decelerating process of the turbulent jet tip is performed based on the integral momentum flux and mass flow rate of the injected fluid over the cross-sectional area at the jet tip. It is observed that the decrease of mass flow rate of the injected fluid over the tip cross-sectional area causes reduction of the momentum flux over the tip cross-sectional area and the turbulent jet tip decelerating. Then the mass flow rate of injected fluid over the tip cross-sectional area is formulated, furthermore the analytical equation of the turbulent jet tip penetration during decelerating state is derived, and the correctness of the developed analytical equation has been proved theoretically. Finally, the calculation is extended to diesel spray penetration, and the calculated results are validated against the one-dimensional discrete model and the experimental data from Engine Combustion Network (ECN) respectively.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"199","issue":"","pages":"324–331","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2017.02.105","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.02.105","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"After the end-of-injection"},{"tag":"Analytical formulation of jet penetration"},{"tag":"Decelerating state"},{"tag":"Diesel spray model"},{"tag":"Turbulent jets"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z"}}


key: 3QIU5IUY
data:
  {"key":"3QIU5IUY","version":441,"data":{"key":"3QIU5IUY","version":441,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical investigation on the evaporation of droplets depositing on heated surfaces at low Weber numbers","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"George","lastName":"Strotos"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Manolis","lastName":"Gavaises"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Andreas","lastName":"Theodorakakos"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"George","lastName":"Bergeles"}],"abstractNote":"The evaporation of water droplets, impinging with low Weber number and gently depositing on heated surfaces of stainless steel is studied numerically using a combination of fluid flow and heat transfer models. The coupled problem of heat transfer between the surrounding air, the droplet and the wall together with the liquid vaporisation from the droplet's free surface is predicted using a modified VOF methodology accounting for phase-change and variable liquid properties. The surface cooling during droplet's evaporation is predicted by solving simultaneously with the fluid flow and heat transfer equations, the heat conduction equation within the solid wall. The droplet's evaporation rate is predicted using a model from the kinetic theory of gases coupled with the Spalding mass transfer model, for different initial contact angles and substrate's temperatures, which have been varied between 20-90?? and 60-100 ??C, respectively. Additionally, results from a simplified and computationally less demanding simulation methodology, accounting only for the heat transfer and vaporisation processes using a time-dependent but pre-described droplet shape while neglecting fluid flow are compared with those from the full solution. The numerical results are compared against experiments for the droplet volume regression, life time and droplet shape change, showing a good agreement. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"51","issue":"7-8","pages":"1516–1529","date":"2008","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.07.045","ISSN":"00179310","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0017-9310","tags":[{"tag":"Droplet"},{"tag":"Evaporation"},{"tag":"Heated plate"},{"tag":"VOF"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z"}}


key: FV83KJF6
data:
  {"key":"FV83KJF6","version":441,"data":{"key":"FV83KJF6","version":441,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Projecting global forest area towards 2030","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rémi","lastName":"D'Annunzio"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Marieke","lastName":"Sandker"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yelena","lastName":"Finegold"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhang","lastName":"Min"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"352","issue":"","pages":"124–133","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.foreco.2015.03.014","ISSN":"03781127","shortTitle":"","url":"http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112715001346","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier B.V.","tags":[{"tag":"Agricultural expansion"},{"tag":"Forest area projection"},{"tag":"Natural forests"},{"tag":"Planted forests"},{"tag":"Spatial modelling"},{"tag":"Wood consumption"},{"tag":"forest area projection"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:56Z"}}


key: RR2FS6TT
data:
  {"key":"RR2FS6TT","version":441,"data":{"key":"RR2FS6TT","version":441,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Multidimensional simulations of non-reacting and reacting diesel and biodiesel sprays","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gary","lastName":"Cai"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"John","lastName":"Abraham"}],"abstractNote":"Numerical simulations of non-reacting and reacting diesel and biodiesel sprays in a constant-volume chamber are presented in this paper and some of the results compared to measured data. The conditions of the study include the effects of chamber air dilution with inert gases and varying chamber temperature. n-Heptane is used as the surrogate fuel for diesel fuel and a tri-component fuel mixture consisting of n-heptane, methyl decanoate, and methyl 9-decenoate is used as the surrogate fuel for biodiesel. The computed and measured liquid-phase penetrations in the non-reacting sprays agree within 30% for the range of conditions considered. The vapour penetrations agree within 10%. For the reacting simulations, the turbulence/chemistry interaction is modelled using an unsteady flamelet generated manifold (UFGM) sub-model. As reported in prior work, the UFGM model predicts the flame lift-off height well. The soot model employed is a semi-empirical two-equation model that accounts for nucleation of soot precursors, surface growth via acetylene addition and PAH condensation, coagulation, and oxidation. NO is modelled using the kinetics from a sub-mechanism of GRI-Mech 3.0. The measured trends in soot distribution in the sprays are predicted well although there are significant differences in actual soot volume fractions.","publicationTitle":"Energy","volume":"119","issue":"","pages":"1221–1229","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.energy.2016.11.068","ISSN":"03605442","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.11.068","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Biodiesel combustion modelling"},{"tag":"Reacting biodiesel jets"},{"tag":"Two-equation soot model"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:55Z"}}


key: RFIETNLK
data:
  {"key":"RFIETNLK","version":440,"data":{"key":"RFIETNLK","version":440,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Study of liquid and vapor phase behavior on Diesel sprays for heavy duty engine nozzles","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R.","lastName":"Payri"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J.","lastName":"Gimeno"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"G.","lastName":"Bracho"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D.","lastName":"Vaquerizo"}],"abstractNote":"A lot of effort has been put in the past years into the understanding of the delivery and development of diesel sprays in engine-like conditions as it has been proved to be a very important step for the design of better and cleaner commercial engines. Due to the bigger share of passenger cars engines over heavy duty engines, the research has been mainly focused on the investigation using small nozzles. This paper studies two nozzles with diameters representative of those that can be encountered in heavy duty engines, with the objective of corroborating the conclusions gathered for small nozzles representative of passenger car engines. The experimental data have been acquired by state-of-the-art techniques and equipment, and serves two purposes: further the understanding of the physics involved in the injection event and spray evaporation; and provide a dataset to CFD models that can accurately predict the behavior of the injection event. The tests were performed in a constant pressure flow vessel that allows to simulate engine-like conditions (1000 K and 15 Mpa) with continuous flow. The injection system tested is a novel, common-rail, solenoid-actuated injector for heavy duty applications which operates up to 220 Mpa. All experiments were performed in non-reacting conditions. The extended test matrix allowed to determine the influence of several parameters such as rail pressure, gas temperature, gas density, and nozzle geometry on the air–fuel mixing and evaporation process, by analyzing the spray penetration and spreading angle. Mie scattering and double-pass Schlieren optical configurations have been used to measure global liquid and vapor penetration, respectively. The data proves that spray penetration at low temperature can be up to 15% faster than spray penetration at high temperature conditions at the same density for the nozzles experimented, which limits the usability of low temperature experiments to infer the behavior of the injector at high temperature conditions. The data also shows that the nozzle with the biggest diameter provided the highest value of stabilized liquid length as expected. Also, when vapor phase is reached, the temperature has negligible effect on the global diesel spray morphology, and no influence on the tip penetration or on the spreading angle.","publicationTitle":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"107","issue":"","pages":"365–378","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.06.159","ISSN":"13594311","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.06.159","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 1359-4311\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel spray"},{"tag":"Heavy duty engines"},{"tag":"Liquid"},{"tag":"Mie scattering"},{"tag":"Penetration"},{"tag":"Schlieren"},{"tag":"Vapor"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:55Z"}}


key: ZS4JR5IX
data:
  {"key":"ZS4JR5IX","version":440,"data":{"key":"ZS4JR5IX","version":440,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"ICEF2017-3548 IN A MICRO PILOT IGNITED DUAL FUEL ENGINE WITH EXTERNAL MIXTURE","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Marcus","lastName":"Grochowina"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Thomas","lastName":"Sattelmayer"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:55Z"}}


key: KK5D9GKQ
data:
  {"key":"KK5D9GKQ","version":440,"data":{"key":"KK5D9GKQ","version":440,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Large eddy simulation and laser diagnostic studies on a low swirl stratified premixed flame","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K","lastName":"Nogenmyr"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C","lastName":"Fureby"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"X S","lastName":"Bai"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P","lastName":"Petersson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R","lastName":"Collin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M","lastName":"Linne"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"156","issue":"1","pages":"25–36","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.06.014","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.06.014","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"lean premixed stratified flames"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:55Z"}}


key: 5A5I6JTT
data:
  {"key":"5A5I6JTT","version":440,"data":{"key":"5A5I6JTT","version":440,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effect of engine parameters and gaseous fuel type on the cyclic variability of dual fuel engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohamed Y E","lastName":"Selim"}],"abstractNote":"This paper presents an analysis of the cycle-to-cycle combustion variation as reflected in the combustion pressure data of a single cylinder, naturally aspirated, four stroke, Ricardo E6 engine converted to run as dual fuel engine on diesel and gaseous fuel of LPG or methane. A measuring set-up consisting of a piezo-electric pressure transducer with charge amplifier and fast data acquisition card installed on an IBM microcomputer was used to gather the data of up to 1200 consecutive combustion cycles of the cylinder under various combination of engine operating and design parameters. These parameters included type of gaseous fuel, engine load, compression ratio, pilot fuel injection timing, pilot fuel mass, and engine speed. The data for each operating conditions were analyzed for the maximum pressure, the maximum rate of pressure rise - representing the combustion noise, and indicated mean effective pressure. The cycle-to-cycle variation is expressed as the mean value, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation of these three parameters. It was found that the type of gaseous fuel and engine operating and design parameters affected the combustion noise and its cyclic variation and these effects have been presented. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"84","issue":"7-8","pages":"961–971","date":"2005","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2004.11.023","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Combustion noise"},{"tag":"Cyclic variability"},{"tag":"Dual fuel engine"},{"tag":"LPG"},{"tag":"Methane"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:55Z"}}


key: 4PFKYUMF
data:
  {"key":"4PFKYUMF","version":440,"data":{"key":"4PFKYUMF","version":440,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Large Eddy Simulation of GDI Single-Hole Flow and Near-Field Spray","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bizhan","lastName":"Befrui"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Giovanni","lastName":"Corbinelli"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Peter","lastName":"Spiekermann"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mark","lastName":"Shost"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ming Chia","lastName":"Lai"}],"abstractNote":"The improvement of spray atomization and penetration characteristics of GDI multi-hole injector sprays is a major component of the engine combustion developments, in order to achieve the fuel economy and emissions standards. Significant R&D efforts are directed towards optimization of the nozzle designs, in order to achieve optimum multi- objective spray characteristics. The Volume-of-Fluid Large-Eddy-Simulation (VOF-LES) of the injector internal flow and spray break-up processes offers a computational capability to aid development of a fundamental knowledge of the liquid jet breakup process. It is a unique simulation method capable of simultaneous analysis of the injector nozzle internal flow and the near-field jet breakup process. Hence it provides a powerful toll to investigate the influence of nozzle design parameters on the spray geometric and atomization features and, consequently, reduces reliance on hardware trial-and-tests for multi-objective spray optimizations. This publication reports investigations of a single, axisymmetric nozzle-hole, pertinent to GDi multi-hole injector nozzle geometry, with the aid of the current state-of-the-art VOF-LES method. The focus of the study is the influence of nozzle degsign and geometric features on the plume structure and its primary break-up process. Specifically, the influence of nozzle length-to-diameter ratio (l/d), counter-bore, and nozzle tapered geometry on the jet primary breakup are studied. Analysis of alternative nozzle geometries reveal the influence of marked influence of nozzle shape and l/d ratio on the nozzle flow structure, hydraulic efficiency and the jet breakup characteristics. There is marked influence of flow separation and hydraulic flip in the nozzle hole for amplification of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities and the jet breakup length.","publicationTitle":"SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants","volume":"5","issue":"2","pages":"620–636","date":"2012","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2012-01-0392","ISSN":"1946-3960","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:55Z"}}


key: KZA7XD5J
data:
  {"key":"KZA7XD5J","version":440,"data":{"key":"KZA7XD5J","version":440,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental study on the effect of nozzle hole-to-hole angle on the near-field spray of diesel injector using fast X-ray phase-contrast imaging","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xusheng","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Seoksu","lastName":"Moon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jian","lastName":"Gao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Eric M.","lastName":"Dufresne"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kamel","lastName":"Fezzaa"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jin","lastName":"Wang"}],"abstractNote":"Fuel atomization and vaporization process play a critical role in determining the engine combustion and emission. The primary near-nozzle breakup is the vital link between the fuel emerging from the nozzle and the fully atomized spray. In this study, the near-nozzle spray characteristics of diesel injectors with different umbrella angle (UA) were investigated using fast X-ray phase-contrast imaging and quantitative image processing. A classic ‘dumbbell' profile of spray width (SW) composed of three stages: opening stage, semi-steady stage and closing stage. The SW peaks of two-hole injectors were more than twice of that of single-hole injector at the opening and closing stages, corresponding to the hollow-cone spray. This indicated the vortex flow was formed with the increase of the UA. The higher injection pressure had little influence on the SW while led to earlier breakup closer to the nozzle at lower needle lift. Significant fuel effect on the SW at higher needle lift was found. However, this effect could be neglect at lower needle lift due to the leading role of internal flow and cavitation on the near-field spray characteristics. In addition, the morphology-based breakup process was observed, which highlighted the important effect of internal flow on the spray development. The possibility of using hollow-cone spray in diesel injector was also discussed.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"185","issue":"","pages":"142–150","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.07.114","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.07.114","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Biodiesel"},{"tag":"Hole-to-hole angle"},{"tag":"Near-field spray"},{"tag":"Spray morphology"},{"tag":"X-ray phase-contrast imaging"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:55Z"}}


key: 49SV2972
data:
  {"key":"49SV2972","version":440,"data":{"key":"49SV2972","version":440,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Calcium looping process simulation based on an advanced thermodynamic model combined with CFD analysis","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Konstantinos","lastName":"Atsonios"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Myrto","lastName":"Zeneli"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Aristeidis","lastName":"Nikolopoulos"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nikos","lastName":"Nikolopoulos"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Panagiotis","lastName":"Grammelis"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Emmanuel","lastName":"Kakaras"}],"abstractNote":"The current study presents a new methodology for the simulation of the Calcium Looping (CaL) process based on the coupling of CFD and advanced thermodynamic models. As a first step, CFD models for the two reactors, i.e. the carbonator and the calciner, of a pilot scale Dual Fluidized Bed system are developed and validated by comparing the numerical predictions with corresponding experimental data for pressure distribution, carbonator capture efficiency and sorbents regeneration in the calciner. For the carbonator modeling, the Two-Fluid-Model (TFM) approach is combined with the advanced EMMS scheme in order to provide results with high accuracy, even for the difficult to model dense bottom zone of the riser. A similar approach is adopted for the calciner; numerical results indicate that CO2 follows an almost linear trend along the bubbling bed height, while the bubbling formations might result in a reduced efficiency for the calcination reaction due to the entrapment of CO2 bubbles inside the emulsion phase. Numerical results related mostly to the hydrodynamics of the reactors, such as the solids distribution and residence time are then used as input parameters in a kinetics-based process algorithm. Process modeling simulations reveal the importance of splitting the carbonator riser into two distinct sections, i.e. the bottom zone with dense solid phase and the upper one (freeboard) with a more dilute solid concentration. The heat balance calculation for these two regions demonstrates a big gap between the heat flux density for the bottom zone (19.26 kW/m2) and the freeboard (0.46 kW/m2), which should be taken into account for the design of an effective heat removal system for scaled-up reactors. As a final step, a sensitivity analysis is performed for the optimization of the parameters governing the operation of the whole carbonation-calcination cycle. Efficient sorbent regeneration and high looping ratio enhances the CO2 capture efficiency in the carbonator, whilst low CO2 concentration in the calciner is suggested for more effective lime regeneration.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"153","issue":"","pages":"371–381","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.03.014","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.03.014","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"ASPEN Plus???"},{"tag":"CFD"},{"tag":"CO2 capture"},{"tag":"Calcium looping"},{"tag":"Process model"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:55Z"}}


key: LS3NLPG9
data:
  {"key":"LS3NLPG9","version":440,"data":{"key":"LS3NLPG9","version":440,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Theoretical and experimental comparison of internal flow and spray characteristics between diesel and biodiesel","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shenghao","lastName":"Yu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bifeng","lastName":"Yin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hekun","lastName":"Jia"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shuai","lastName":"Wen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xifeng","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jianda","lastName":"Yu"}],"abstractNote":"The internal flow in nozzle and macroscopic spray characteristics of diesel and biodiesel, by employing a validated numerical model and a laser-based Mie-scattering technique, are investigated. The results indicate that both the mass flow rate and the orifice exit average velocity of diesel are larger than those of biodiesel. Also, that diesel consistently produced higher cavitation intensity and turbulence kinetic energy confirms diesel can boost the naissance of cavitation and the turbulence disturbance inside the nozzle. Meanwhile, the cavitation intensity and the turbulence kinetic energy increase dramatically as the injection pressure increases; the cavitation domain is consistent with the domain of high turbulence kinetic energy. Furthermore, the radial velocity of diesel is significantly higher than biodiesel under the same injection pressure, while the radial velocities of both fuels increase as the injection pressure increase. Moreover, the spray tip penetration of biodiesel is longer than that of diesel, while the aerodynamic spray cone angle of biodiesel is narrower that of diesel under the same injection pressure. Higher surface tension and viscosity of biodiesel resulted in smaller cavitation intensity, turbulence kinetic energy and radial velocity at the nozzle exit, which in turn contribute to the narrowing of the aerodynamic spray cone angle.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"208","issue":"","pages":"20–29","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.136","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.136","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel and biodiesel"},{"tag":"Diesel nozzle"},{"tag":"Internal flow"},{"tag":"Spray characteristic"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:55Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:55Z"}}


key: 564PJSWD
data:
  {"key":"564PJSWD","version":440,"data":{"key":"564PJSWD","version":440,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Discrete multicomponent model for biodiesel spray combustion simulation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M. F.","lastName":"Mohd Yasin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R. S.","lastName":"Cant"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C. T.","lastName":"Chong"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S.","lastName":"Hochgreb"}],"abstractNote":"An important first step in spray combustion simulation is an accurate determination of the fuel properties which affects the modelling of spray formation and reaction. In a practical combustion simulation, the implementation of a multicomponent model is important in capturing the relative volatility of different fuel components. A Discrete Multicomponent (DM) model is deemed to be an appropriate candidate to model a composite fuel like biodiesel which consists of four components of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). In this paper, the DM model is compared with the traditional Continuous Thermodynamics (CTM) model for both diesel and biodiesel. The CTM model is formulated based on mixing rules that incorporate the physical and thermophysical properties of pure components into a single continuous surrogate for the composite fuel. The models are implemented within the open-source CFD code OpenFOAM, and a semi-quantitative comparison is made between the predicted spray-combustion characteristics and optical measurements of a swirl-stabilised flame of diesel and biodiesel. The DM model performs better than the CTM model in predicting a higher magnitude of heat release rate in the top flame brush region of the biodiesel flame compared to that of the diesel flame. Using both the DM and CTM models, the simulation successfully reproduces the droplet size, volume flux, and droplet density profiles of diesel and biodiesel. The DM model predicts a longer spray penetration length for biodiesel compared to that of diesel, as seen in the experimental data. Also, the DM model reproduces a segregated biodiesel fuel vapour field and spray in which the most abundant FAME component has the longest vapour penetration. In the biodiesel flame, the relative abundance of each fuel component is found to dominate over the relative volatility in terms of the vapour species distribution and vice versa in the liquid species distribution. ?? 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"126","issue":"","pages":"44–54","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2014.02.020","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.02.020","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 00162361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Biodiesel"},{"tag":"CFD"},{"tag":"Multicomponent"},{"tag":"Simulation"},{"tag":"Spray"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z"}}


key: SMPFVZBM
data:
  {"key":"SMPFVZBM","version":440,"data":{"key":"SMPFVZBM","version":440,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Combustion and emission performance of a split injection diesel engine in a double swirl combustion system","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiangrong","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Haobu","lastName":"Gao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Luming","lastName":"Zhao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zheng","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xu","lastName":"He"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fushui","lastName":"Liu"}],"abstractNote":"The authors developed and tested a split injection strategy in a double swirl combustion system (DSCS). Different split injection strategies with different ratios of pilot injection fuel to total fuel mass (herein defined as “pilot injection/fuel mass ratios”) and dwell times were compared with an optimized single injection strategy in terms of the break specific fuel consumption (BSFC). The in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate and in-cylinder temperature were analyzed to explore the in-cylinder combustion process. The NOx emission was also measured. With the total fuel mass being 100 mg/cycle and excess air coefficient being 2 at 2100 r/min at a 5% pilot injection/fuel mass ratio and a 10 deg dwell time, the BSFC decreased by 2.7% compared with the single injection strategy. The NOx emission increased from 940 ppm to 1140 ppm. An ‘acceleration effect' helped the DSCS when dwell time was short. A spray visualization experiment and numerical simulations were carried out to explain these phenomena. It is concluded that the split injection condition with a smaller pilot injection/fuel mass ratio and a shorter dwell time performed better than the single injection condition in terms of the thermo-atmosphere utilization, space utilization and acceleration effect.","publicationTitle":"Energy","volume":"114","issue":"","pages":"1135–1146","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.energy.2016.08.092","ISSN":"03605442","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel engine"},{"tag":"Double swirl combustion system"},{"tag":"Numerical simulation"},{"tag":"Single cylinder engine experiment"},{"tag":"Split injection"},{"tag":"Spray visualization experiment"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z"}}


key: TG9IZQGZ
data:
  {"key":"TG9IZQGZ","version":439,"data":{"key":"TG9IZQGZ","version":439,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental investigation of atomization and combustion characteristics of high-pressure pulse sprays","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Satoki","lastName":"Yokoi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shota","lastName":"Sugawara"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ryuichi","lastName":"Sagawa"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yasuhiro","lastName":"Saito"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yohsuke","lastName":"Matsushita"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hideyuki","lastName":"Aoki"}],"abstractNote":"This study investigated the effect of fuel injection pressure (20-80 MPa) on atomization and combustion characteristics using a stationary combustor with an intermittent supply of liquid fuel. In the atomization experiments, spray tip penetration and spray width increased, and the Sauter mean diameter of droplets decreased with an increase in the fuel injection pressure. In the combustion experiments, the OH emission intensity and combustion gas temperature upstream of the furnace increased with the fuel injection pressure, whereas nitrogen oxides emissions were reduced. The results demonstrate that high-pressure pulse spray combustion can reduce NOXemissions and enhance the combustion load by an increase in the fuel injection pressure.","publicationTitle":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"148","issue":"","pages":"269–275","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.02.008","ISSN":"03783820","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.02.008","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier B.V.","tags":[{"tag":"Common rail"},{"tag":"NOXreduction"},{"tag":"Pulse spray"},{"tag":"Spray combustion"},{"tag":"Spray penetration"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z"}}


key: 2W7GKTWZ
data:
  {"key":"2W7GKTWZ","version":439,"data":{"key":"2W7GKTWZ","version":439,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Building robust chemical reaction mechanisms : next generation of automatic model construction software","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jing","lastName":"Song"}],"abstractNote":"Thesis (Ph. D.)–Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2004.","publicationTitle":"Thesis (Ph. D.)–Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2004.","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2004","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/30058","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Chemical Engineering."}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z"}}


key: 9ZGQX2P4
data:
  {"key":"9ZGQX2P4","version":439,"data":{"key":"9ZGQX2P4","version":439,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A computational analysis of local flow for reacting Diesel sprays by means of an Eulerian CFD model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Pandal"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J. M.","lastName":"García-Oliver"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R.","lastName":"Novella"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J. M.","lastName":"Pastor"}],"abstractNote":"An implementation and validation of the coupled Σ-Y ADF model is presented in this work for reacting Diesel spray CFD simulations under a RANS turbulence modeling approach. An Approximated Diffusion Flamelet (ADF) model Michel et al. (2008) implemented in the OpenFOAM CFD open-source library by Winklinger (2014) is fed with the spray description, i.e. mixing formation process, provided by the Σ-Y Eulerian atomization model Garcia-Oliver et al. (2013). In the present investigation, the Engine Combustion Network Spray A reference configuration is used for validation. Specifically, the model can provide accurate predictions of typical reacting spray metrics, such as the ignition delay and the lift-off length. Moreover, the internal structure is also fairly reproduced in terms of quasi-steady spatial distribution of formaldehyde and OH, related with low and high temperature reactions respectively. Additionally, modeling results have been compared to recent Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements Garcia-Oliver et al. (2017) under both inert and reacting conditions. Flow response to heat release is quantitatively predicted by the model, both in terms of local velocity increase as well as radial dilation. The model has been used to understand combustion-induced reduction in entrainment, in particular around the lift-off length location. Flow confinement does not seem to influence the global flame behaviour, even though some changes in the local flow hint can be observed when moving from an open to a closed domain.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"99","issue":"","pages":"257–272","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2017.10.010","ISSN":"03019322","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2017.10.010","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"CFD"},{"tag":"Combustion modeling"},{"tag":"Diesel spray"},{"tag":"Eulerian"},{"tag":"OpenFOAM®"},{"tag":"Unsteady flamelet model"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z"}}


key: MEGNCLL9
data:
  {"key":"MEGNCLL9","version":439,"data":{"key":"MEGNCLL9","version":439,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effects of multiple-injection strategies on overall spray behavior, combustion, and emissions reduction characteristics of biodiesel fuel","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Su Han","lastName":"Park"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Seung Hyun","lastName":"Yoon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chang Sik","lastName":"Lee"}],"abstractNote":"This study described the combustion and exhaust emissions characteristics of biodiesel fuel with multiple-injection strategies. Also, this investigation included the free spray characteristics and in-cylinder spray behaviors of the multiple-injection modes. Free spray and in-cylinder spray images were obtained from the spray visualization system. Combustion and exhaust emissions characteristics were analyzed using a single cylinder diesel engine with a displacement volume of 373.33cm3and a compression ratio of 17.8. The exhaust emissions were analyzed using a smoke meter and an exhaust gas analyzer. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) was utilized to measure the particle number and size distribution of the nano-sized particle matter.It revealed that the injected spray before BTDC 25° developed toward the piston bowl region, and then progressed along the piston wall. When the biodiesel spray was injected at BTDC 25°, the spray targeted the piston lib. In single-injection combustion, the combustion pressure and rate of heat release at an injection timing of BTDC 30° dramatically decreased. These characteristics influenced on the decrease of the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and the increase of soot, HC, and CO emissions because of the incomplete combustion. The multiple-injection modes showed a higher IMEP than the single-injection mode. In addition, the pilot injection strategy represented a higher IMEP than the split injection mode. The analysis of exhaust emissions characteristics of the multiple-injection modes showed that a short injection interval induced a decrease in soot, HC, and CO emissions, while NO.xemission increased. On the other hand, when the multiple-injection modes applied to the diesel engine, particles with large sizes were significantly decreased compared to single-injection combustion. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.","publicationTitle":"Applied Energy","volume":"88","issue":"1","pages":"88–98","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.07.024","ISSN":"03062619","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.07.024","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0306-2619\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Biodiesel fuel"},{"tag":"Combustion pressure"},{"tag":"In-cylinder spray behavior"},{"tag":"Multiple-injection strategy"},{"tag":"Nitrogen oxides"},{"tag":"Soot"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z"}}


key: KRBPQNJY
data:
  {"key":"KRBPQNJY","version":439,"data":{"key":"KRBPQNJY","version":439,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental investigation on velocity inside a diesel spray after impingement on a wall","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yoshio","lastName":"Zama"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yotsugu","lastName":"Odawara"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tomohiko","lastName":"Furuhata"}],"abstractNote":"Recently, a combustion chamber of a high speed diesel engine has been downsized in order to improve fuel economy. Moreover, injection pressure of the diesel fuel tends to increase due to promotion of fuel atomization. Therefore, the diesel spray flame impinges on a cavity wall of a combustion chamber in recent diesel engines. It results that promotion of heat loss from the engine occurred due to the heat transfer between the impingement spray flame and the cavity wall. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the impingement phenomenon of the diesel spray flame for improvement of the thermal efficiency. In order to understand the impingement mechanism between the spray flame and the wall, velocity measurement of an impingement diesel spray flame is required. Moreover, the heat transfer strongly depends on the flow characteristics of the impingement spray flame. Velocity information of the impingement spray might provide heat transfer mechanism between the spray and the wall although the diesel spray was not a flame. In this study, velocity field of an impingement diesel spray was measured with time-resolved PIV. Effect of ambient gas density, injection pressure and impingement angle on flow characteristics of the impingement diesel spray was investigated. Moreover, velocity of the diesel spray just before impingement on the wall was measured in order to investigate dependence of the impinging spray velocity on the post-impingement spray velocity. As the result, averaged radial peak velocities of the post-impingement diesel spray decreased with an increase of ambient gas density. Moreover, dependence of the impinging spray velocity on the averaged peak velocities of the post-impingement spray was clarified.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"203","issue":"","pages":"757–763","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2017.04.099","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.04.099","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Ambient gas density"},{"tag":"Impingement angle"},{"tag":"Impingement diesel spray"},{"tag":"Injection pressure"},{"tag":"PIV"},{"tag":"Velocity field"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z"}}


key: WLXJCT4M
data:
  {"key":"WLXJCT4M","version":439,"data":{"key":"WLXJCT4M","version":439,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Spray-induced temperature stratification dynamics in a gasoline direct-injection engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Brian","lastName":"Peterson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Elias","lastName":"Baum"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Benjamin","lastName":"Böhm"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Volker","lastName":"Sick"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Andreas","lastName":"Dreizler"}],"abstractNote":"Simultaneous applications of high-speed toluene-LIF thermometry and PIV at kHz rates were utilized to investigate the evolution of gas temperature stratification imposed from direct-injection of liquid fuel within a motored SIDI engine. Temperature imaging was based on the two-color detection method that measures the LIF signal ratio from two separated wavelength ranges to enable LIF temperature imaging within inhomogeneously mixed systems. It was observed that cold gases associated with evaporative cooling exist within the regions of dense liquid fuel droplet clouds. As droplets disperse, the cold-gas regions expand and relative temperatures as low as -50 K exist. Average temperature gradients between cold- and bulk-gases are up to 30 K/mm and gradients persist but drop in magnitude throughout compression as cold- and bulk-gases mix. Temperature stratification is greatest as the fuel disperses within the field-of-view producing large areas of cold-gases with relative temperatures as low as -50 K. Individual temperature images and 2D PDFs of identified cold-gas regions reveal that local regions of cold-gas imposed from evaporative cooling can last up to 30 CAD after fuel injection for the given operating conditions. The time-resolved imaging study show the mechanics of localized evaporative cooling and bulk-flow motion-driven mixing that over time reduces temperature gradients but does not completely homogenize the temperature fields.","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"35","issue":"3","pages":"2923–2931","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2014.06.103","ISSN":"15407489","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 1540-7489","tags":[{"tag":"Direct-injection engine"},{"tag":"Evaporative cooling"},{"tag":"High-speed LIF"},{"tag":"High-speed PIV"},{"tag":"Temperature imaging"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z"}}


key: QT3G4SEL
data:
  {"key":"QT3G4SEL","version":439,"data":{"key":"QT3G4SEL","version":439,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"CARS diagnostics of the burning of H 2 — O 2 and CH 4 — O 2 mixtures at high temperatures and pressures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K A","lastName":"Vereshchagin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Valery V","lastName":"Smirnov"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"O M","lastName":"Stel'makh"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"V I","lastName":"Fabelinskii"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Quantum Electronics","volume":"42","issue":"1","pages":"44–50","date":"2012","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1070/QE2012v042n01ABEH014763","ISSN":"1063-7818","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"eigenvalue analysis"},{"tag":"explosion limits"},{"tag":"methane"},{"tag":"syngas"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z"}}


key: WHLBHJSQ
data:
  {"key":"WHLBHJSQ","version":439,"data":{"key":"WHLBHJSQ","version":439,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Models for Combustion and Formation of Nitric Oxide and Soot in Direct Injection Diesel Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H","lastName":"Hiroyasu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"T","lastName":"Kadota"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper 760129","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"1976","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/760129","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:54Z"}}


key: NITQ79JW
data:
  {"key":"NITQ79JW","version":439,"data":{"key":"NITQ79JW","version":439,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Analysis of flamelet leading point dynamics in an inhomogeneous flow","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alberto","lastName":"Amato"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Timothy C","lastName":"Lieuwen"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"161","issue":"5","pages":"1337–1347","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.11.013","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.11.013","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z"}}


key: WYBLX7AT
data:
  {"key":"WYBLX7AT","version":439,"data":{"key":"WYBLX7AT","version":439,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Criteria of filtering the best set of kinetic parameters from the literature database","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Márcio Ferreira","lastName":"Martins"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Francisco H Sepúlveda","lastName":"Palma"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"arrhenius"},{"tag":"kinetics"},{"tag":"particle filter"},{"tag":"sequential importance"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z"}}


key: YI83MXHT
data:
  {"key":"YI83MXHT","version":438,"data":{"key":"YI83MXHT","version":438,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"2003-01-0067 Modeling of Air Fuel Mixing in a Stratified Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Using Multicomponent Fuel Representation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S a E","lastName":"Technical"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S a E","lastName":"Technical"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Paper","lastName":"Series"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Paper","lastName":"Series"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Engineering","volume":"","issue":"724","pages":"","date":"2003","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2003-01-0067","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z"}}


key: XAZEB4AY
data:
  {"key":"XAZEB4AY","version":438,"data":{"key":"XAZEB4AY","version":438,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"LES of knocking in engines using dual heat transfer and two-step reduced schemes","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Antony","lastName":"Misdariis"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Olivier","lastName":"Vermorel"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Thierry","lastName":"Poinsot"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"162","issue":"11","pages":"4304–4312","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.07.023","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.07.023","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd.","tags":[{"tag":"Autoignition"},{"tag":"CHT"},{"tag":"Internal combustion engine"},{"tag":"Knock"},{"tag":"LES"},{"tag":"LES: knock"},{"tag":"high fidelity"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z"}}


key: 8KKIGGUV
data:
  {"key":"8KKIGGUV","version":438,"data":{"key":"8KKIGGUV","version":438,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Laminar premixed flame characteristics of hydrogen blended iso-octane e air e nitrogen mixtures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Toni","lastName":"Tahtouh"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fabien","lastName":"Halter"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Christine","lastName":"Mounaı"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"6","issue":"","pages":"0–6","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.148","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"laminar burning velocity"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z"}}


key: TVV8B28Y
data:
  {"key":"TVV8B28Y","version":438,"data":{"key":"TVV8B28Y","version":438,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Review and Benchmarking of Alternative Fuels in Conventional and Advanced Engine Concepts with Emphasis on Efficiency, CO 2 , and Regulated Emissions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Martin","lastName":"Tuner"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0882","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://papers.sae.org/2016-01-0882/","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z"}}


key: KP6PYKH6
data:
  {"key":"KP6PYKH6","version":438,"data":{"key":"KP6PYKH6","version":438,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A flame particle tracking analysis of turbulence-chemistry interaction in hydrogen-air premixed flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Harshavardhana A.","lastName":"Uranakara"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Swetaprovo","lastName":"Chaudhuri"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Himanshu L.","lastName":"Dave"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Paul G.","lastName":"Arias"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hong G.","lastName":"Im"}],"abstractNote":"Interactions of turbulence, molecular transport, and energy transport, coupled with chemistry play a crucial role in the evolution of flame surface geometry, propagation, annihilation, and local extinction/re-ignition characteristics of intensely turbulent premixed flames. This study seeks to understand how these interactions affect flame surface annihilation of lean hydrogen-air premixed turbulent flames. Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) are conducted at different parametric conditions with a detailed reaction mechanism and transport properties for hydrogen-air flames. Flame particle tracking (FPT) technique is used to follow specific flame surface segments. An analytical expression for the local displacement flame speed (. Sd) of a temperature isosurface is considered, and the contributions of transport, chemistry, and kinematics on the displacement flame speed at different turbulence-flame interaction conditions are identified. In general, the displacement flame speed for the flame particles is found to increase with time for all conditions considered. This is because, eventually all flame surfaces and their resident flame particles approach annihilation by reactant island formation at the end of stretching and folding processes induced by turbulence. Statistics of principal curvature evolving in time, obtained using FPT, suggest that these islands are ellipsoidal on average enclosing fresh reactants. Further examinations show that the increase in Sd is caused by the increased negative curvature of the flame surface and eventual homogenization of temperature gradients as these reactant islands shrink due to flame propagation and turbulent mixing. Finally, the evolution of the normalized, averaged, displacement flame speed vs. stretch Karlovitz number are found to collapse on a narrow band, suggesting that a unified description of flame speed dependence on stretch rate may be possible in the Lagrangian description.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"163","issue":"","pages":"220–240","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.09.033","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.09.033","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Direct numerical simulation"},{"tag":"Displacement flame speed"},{"tag":"Flame particle tracking"},{"tag":"Turbulent premixed flames"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z"}}


key: CT82T8QW
data:
  {"key":"CT82T8QW","version":438,"data":{"key":"CT82T8QW","version":438,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Dual Fuel Natural Gas/Diesel Engines: Technology, Performance, and Emissions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Christopher S","lastName":"Weaver"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sean H","lastName":"Turner"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper Series","volume":"","issue":"41 2","pages":"","date":"1994","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/940548","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z"}}


key: CMD6D4TU
data:
  {"key":"CMD6D4TU","version":438,"data":{"key":"CMD6D4TU","version":438,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical study on flash-boiling spray of multicomponent fuel","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Daisuke","lastName":"Kawano"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hajime","lastName":"Ishii"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hisakazu","lastName":"Suzuki"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yuichi","lastName":"Goto"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matsuo","lastName":"Odaka"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jiro","lastName":"Senda"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Heat Transfer - Asian Research","volume":"35","issue":"5","pages":"369–385","date":"2006","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1002/htj.20117","ISSN":"10992871","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Atomization"},{"tag":"Bubble"},{"tag":"Flash-boiling"},{"tag":"Fuel design"},{"tag":"KIV A3V"},{"tag":"Multicomponent fuel"},{"tag":"Vaporization"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z"}}


key: 3X3484YI
data:
  {"key":"3X3484YI","version":438,"data":{"key":"3X3484YI","version":438,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Ignition delay times in lean n-hexane-air mixture at high pressures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"V. P.","lastName":"Zhukov"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"V. A.","lastName":"Sechenov"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A. Yu","lastName":"Starikovskii"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"136","issue":"1-2","pages":"257–259","date":"2004","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2003.10.002","ISSN":"00102180","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z"}}


key: SKFE5KAP
data:
  {"key":"SKFE5KAP","version":438,"data":{"key":"SKFE5KAP","version":438,"itemType":"thesis","title":"Complex chemistry modeling of diesel spray combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P. A Niklas","lastName":"Nordin"}],"abstractNote":"The thesis illustrates the application of computational fluid dynamics$\\backslash$n(CFD) to turbulent reactive two-phase flows in piston engines.$\\backslash$n$\\backslash$n$\\backslash$nThe focus of the thesis lies on numerical simulations of spray combustion$\\backslash$nphenomena with an emphasis on the modeling of turbulence/chemistry$\\backslash$ninteraction effects using a detailed chemistry approach. The turbulence/chemistry$\\backslash$ninteraction model accounts for the effects of turbulent micro-mixing$\\backslash$non the chemical reaction rates. The models have been implemented$\\backslash$nin the {$\\backslash$bf KIVA3-V} code and successfully applied to spray combustion$\\backslash$nanalysis in a constant volume and a DI Diesel engine. The limitations$\\backslash$nand difficulties of representing the spray in a Lagrangian fashion$\\backslash$nare also adressed.$\\backslash$n$\\backslash$n$\\backslash$nThree different liquid fuels have been used in the simulations: n-heptane,$\\backslash$nmethanol and dimethyl ether (DME). Detailed and reduced chemical$\\backslash$nmechanisms have been developed and validated for all these fuels$\\backslash$nand reasonable agreement between experimental data and numerical$\\backslash$nsimulations has been obtained.","thesisType":"PhD Thesis","university":"","place":"","date":"2001","numPages":"1–55","language":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9172910054\nISSN: 0346718X\nIssue: 1689\nPublication Title: Chalmers Tekniska Hogskola","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z"}}


key: BB8B6KUM
data:
  {"key":"BB8B6KUM","version":438,"data":{"key":"BB8B6KUM","version":438,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"OpenFOAM Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulations of Two-Phase Flow and Mass Transfer in an Advanced-Flow Reactor","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"María José","lastName":"Nieves-Remacha"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Lu","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Klavs F.","lastName":"Jensen"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"54","issue":"26","pages":"6649–6659","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00480","ISSN":"0888-5885","shortTitle":"","url":"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00480","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:53Z"}}


key: 5C8GVYVF
data:
  {"key":"5C8GVYVF","version":437,"data":{"key":"5C8GVYVF","version":437,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Investigation of Different Droplet Formation Regimes in a T-junction Microchannel Using the VOF Technique in OpenFOAM List of parameters","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shima","lastName":"Malekzadeh"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ehsan","lastName":"Roohi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Bond"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"231–243","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1007/s12217-015-9440-2","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"microchannel t junction"},{"tag":"openfoam"},{"tag":"two-phase flow"},{"tag":"vof"},{"tag":"volume of fluids"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:52Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:52Z"}}


key: 6QFPVJ5G
data:
  {"key":"6QFPVJ5G","version":437,"data":{"key":"6QFPVJ5G","version":437,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Improvement of dual-fuel biodiesel-producer gas engine performance acting on biodiesel injection parameters and strategy","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A. P.","lastName":"Carlucci"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Ficarella"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D.","lastName":"Laforgia"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L.","lastName":"Strafella"}],"abstractNote":"Dual-fuel biodiesel-producer gas combustion has shown potential in reducing nitric oxides and particulate emission levels compared to only diesel operation; however, engine overall efficiency is slightly penalized, while the main drawbacks are represented by the higher levels of total hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions. In this work, the improvements in the combustion development deriving from the splitting of the liquid fuel injection at low loads have been assessed using a 0.51 L single-cylinder research diesel engine equipped with a high pressure common rail injection system and operated in dual-fuel mode. In this case, a synthetic producer gas was used as inducted gaseous fuel, while biodiesel was used as pilot fuel. Initially, the spray morphology was characterized in a constant-volume vessel for different values of injection duration and pressure, as well as vessel backpressure. Then, the experimental campaign, run on the engine at 1500 rpm, was divided in two sessions. During the former, only one pilot injection of constant fuel amount (11 mm3/cycle) was performed, the rail pressure was set equal to 500 or 1000 bar, the injection timing was varied in the range −50 ÷ 5 degrees crank angle after top dead center while the amount of gaseous fuel inducted in the cylinder was varied on three levels. During the latter, the pilot fuel amount, kept equal to the one pilot injection tests, was split in two smaller injections and the effect of the dwell between them – varied in the range 5 ÷ 50 degrees crank angle – was investigated as well. The results of the first set of experiments revealed that pilot injection timing and pressure both affect the combustion development. This resulted in sensible variations on thermal and combustion efficiencies, and therefore on fuel conversion efficiency, the last one exhibiting higher values with pilot injection timing slightly advanced respect to top dead center and lower injection pressure. In these conditions, total hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide are lowered, while nitric oxides are increased. The amount of gas demonstrated to have a secondary effect on combustion development and emissions levels at the exhaust. Splitting pilot injection, demonstrated to be an effective way to increase fuel conversion efficiency and to reduce the levels of all the pollutant species compared to the single pilot injection strategy. Based on the extensive experimental activity described in this paper, a dwell ranging between 10 and 30 degrees of crank angle, combined with a first injection timing ranging between 35 and 20 degrees of crank angle before top dead center guarantee the highest fuel conversion efficiency and the lowest pollutants emission levels. Injection pressure confirmed to be a significant factor in affecting the combustion development, while a secondary effect was determined by the gaseous mass inducted in the cylinder. Ultimately, pilot injection splitting demonstrated to be an effective way for improving gaseous fuel combustion in dual-fuel mode at low load (lean mixture) conditions.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"209","issue":"August","pages":"754–768","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2017.07.100","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.07.100","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[{"tag":"Biodiesel"},{"tag":"Dual-fuel"},{"tag":"Injection pressure"},{"tag":"Injection splitting"},{"tag":"Injection timing"},{"tag":"Producer gas"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:52Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:52Z"}}


key: ZGGTAV8Z
data:
  {"key":"ZGGTAV8Z","version":437,"data":{"key":"ZGGTAV8Z","version":437,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental study on the spray characteristics discharging from elliptical diesel nozzle at typical diesel engine conditions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shenghao","lastName":"Yu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bifeng","lastName":"Yin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Weixin","lastName":"Deng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hekun","lastName":"Jia"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ze","lastName":"Ye"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bin","lastName":"Xu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Huaping","lastName":"Xu"}],"abstractNote":"The elliptical orifice diesel nozzle has potential beneficial for improving spray and air-fuel mixing quality, which has great impact on combustion and emission performances for diesel engine. This paper presents experimental studies on the macro spray characteristics and the mechanism of axis-switching for elliptical and circular orifice diesel nozzles with same cross section area, with biodiesel fuel by using shadowgraph technique, under various injection pressures (50 MPa, 70 MPa, 90 MPa) and backpressures (1MPa, 2 MPa, 3 MPa). Two CCD cameras were adopted to acquire the macro spray images at the minor and major view planes simultaneously. Macroscopic spray characteristics from different view planes of spray were processed by MATLAB. The results indicated that the spray width of the elliptical spray was greater than that of the circular spray in all the view planes. Elliptical orifice spray exhibited axis-switching phenomenon during the injection process even at high injection pressure and backpressure. The increasing of backpressure enhances the aerodynamic effects, resulting in suppressing axis-switching of elliptical spray. However, increasing the injection pressure is beneficial for improving the axis-switching frequency, because the higher spray inertia resulting from higher injection pressure can cause greater spray surface-instabilities, which are conductive to enhance the axis-switching. Moreover, the spray width at the downstream increases as the backpressure increases, and for all geometrical orifices exhibited greater spray width under the higher injection pressure. In addition, the spray tip penetration of circular orifice was longer than that of elliptical orifice during the whole injection process. This is due to the larger spray surface of elliptical spray resulting in larger aerodynamic drag. Furthermore, the spray cone angle of the circular orifice is consistently smaller than that of elliptical orifice under typical diesel engine conditions. Because the axis-switching phenomenon of elliptical spray is helpful to improve the air entrainment ratio and thus resulting in larger spray cone angle. Finally, the present experiment results indicate that elliptical sprays are conductive to increase air entrainment ratio and air–fuel mixing quality as compared to circular sprays, due to the axis-switching phenomenon, larger spray cone angle and width.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"221","issue":"February","pages":"28–34","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.090","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Axis-switching"},{"tag":"Diesel nozzle"},{"tag":"Elliptical orifice"},{"tag":"Spray characteristic"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:52Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:52Z"}}


key: 2IEUX9ZX
data:
  {"key":"2IEUX9ZX","version":437,"data":{"key":"2IEUX9ZX","version":437,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Visualization of combustion characteristic of diesel in premixed methanol – air mixture atmosphere of different ambient temperature in a constant volume chamber","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zenghui","lastName":"Yin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chunde","lastName":"Yao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Peilin","lastName":"Geng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jiangtao","lastName":"Hu"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"174","issue":"","pages":"242–250","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.030","ISSN":"0016-2361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.030","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:52Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:52Z"}}


key: LHTIIQBF
data:
  {"key":"LHTIIQBF","version":437,"data":{"key":"LHTIIQBF","version":437,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Flow in the Piston-Cylinder-Ring Crevices of a Spark-Ignition Engine: Effect on Hydrocarbon Emissions, Efficiency and Power","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M.","lastName":"Namazian"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J.B.","lastName":"Heywood"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper 820088","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"1982","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/820088","ISSN":"05606160","shortTitle":"","url":"http://papers.sae.org/820088","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:52Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:52Z"}}


key: EU4G2E2I
data:
  {"key":"EU4G2E2I","version":437,"data":{"key":"EU4G2E2I","version":437,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Shock tube ignition delay times and methane time-histories measurements during excess CO2 diluted oxy-methane combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Batikan","lastName":"Koroglu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Owen M.","lastName":"Pryor"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Joseph","lastName":"Lopez"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Leigh","lastName":"Nash"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Subith S.","lastName":"Vasu"}],"abstractNote":"The combustion of methane in air results in large amounts of CO2 and NOX emissions. In order to reduce the NOX emissions, one possible solution is the oxy-methane combustion with large CO2 dilution so that the combustion products can be reduced mainly to CO2 and H2O. However, there are very few studies on the chemical kinetics of oxy-methane combustion in a CO2 diluted environment. In this study, methane time-histories, CH* emission profiles, and pressure time-histories measurements were conducted behind reflected shock waves to gain insight into the effects of CO2 dilution of the gas mixtures on the ignition of methane. The measurements were carried out for mixtures of CH4, CO2 and O2 in argon bath gas at temperatures of 1577-2144 K, pressures of 0.53-4.4 atm, equivalence ratios (Φ) of 0.5, 1, and 2, and CO2 mole fractions (XCO2) of 0, 30, and 60%. The laser absorption measurements were conducted using a continuous wave distributed feedback interband cascade laser (DFB ICL) centered at 3403.4 nm. The results showed the decrease of activation energy and the increase of ignition delay time as the amount of CO2 dilution was increased. However, the changes were minor and within the experimental uncertainties of the measurements. Also, the results were compared to the predictions of two different natural gas mechanisms: GRI 3.0 and AramcoMech 1.3 mechanisms. In general the predictions were reasonable when compared to the experimental data; however, there were discrepancies at some conditions. Three different influences of CO2 addition to the argon bath gas in regards to chemistry, collision efficiencies, and heat capacities were examined. In addition, the present study included experimentally obtained correlations for absorption cross sections of methane for its P(8) line in the v3 band in argon bath gas with and without carbon-dioxide dilutions at temperatures between 1200 \\textless T \\textless 2000 K and pressures between 0.7 \\textless P \\textless 1.2 atm.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"164","issue":"","pages":"152–163","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.11.011","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.11.011","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"CH4 concentration"},{"tag":"Ignition delay time"},{"tag":"Laser absorption"},{"tag":"Oxy-Methane"},{"tag":"Shock tube"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:52Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:52Z"}}


key: 7MYGFAPU
data:
  {"key":"7MYGFAPU","version":437,"data":{"key":"7MYGFAPU","version":437,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Unsteady deflagration speed in an auto-ignitive DME / Air mixture at NTC conditions Computational Approach","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Swapnil","lastName":"Desai"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ramanan","lastName":"Sankaran"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hong G","lastName":"Im"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"deflagration"},{"tag":"negative temperature coefficient"},{"tag":"ntc"},{"tag":"spontaneous propagation"},{"tag":"stratification"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:52Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:52Z"}}


key: KSB2W2RG
data:
  {"key":"KSB2W2RG","version":437,"data":{"key":"KSB2W2RG","version":437,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical investigation of the impact of gas composition on the combustion process in a dual-fuel compression-ignition engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Maciej","lastName":"Mikulski"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"31","issue":"","pages":"525–537","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.jngse.2016.03.074","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:52Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:52Z"}}


key: PBJ7YN49
data:
  {"key":"PBJ7YN49","version":436,"data":{"key":"PBJ7YN49","version":436,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"High-pressure oxidation of methane","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hamid","lastName":"Hashemi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jakob M","lastName":"Christensen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sander","lastName":"Gersen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Howard","lastName":"Levinsky"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stephen J","lastName":"Klippenstein"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Peter","lastName":"Glarborg"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"172","issue":"","pages":"349–364","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.07.016","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.07.016","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"High pressure"},{"tag":"Ignition"},{"tag":"Methane"},{"tag":"Reaction kinetics"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:52Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:52Z"}}


key: 78ITJRWN
data:
  {"key":"78ITJRWN","version":436,"data":{"key":"78ITJRWN","version":436,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Enhancement of HTPB Combustion in a Hybrid Rocket Motor Using Amorphous Ti – Al – B Nanopowder Additives","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Terrence L Connell","lastName":"Jr"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zachary J","lastName":"Huba"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Albert","lastName":"Epshteyn"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Richard A","lastName":"Yetter"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Brian T","lastName":"Fisher"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"additive"},{"tag":"htpb"},{"tag":"hybrid rocket"},{"tag":"nanopowder"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z"}}


key: CPIW4NSR
data:
  {"key":"CPIW4NSR","version":436,"data":{"key":"CPIW4NSR","version":436,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A new EDC approach for modeling turbulence/chemistry interaction of the gas-phase of biomass combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohammadreza","lastName":"Farokhi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Madjid","lastName":"Birouk"}],"abstractNote":"Small-scale grate-firing biomass combustors generate high level of pollutants as a result of poor air/fuel mixing and short residence time of combustion. Reliable gas-phase combustion modeling can play a key role in the improvement and optimization of the design of a biomass furnace. This paper proposes a new combustion model based on the framework of the well-known eddy dissipation concept (EDC) approach. The ability of EDC to incorporate detailed chemical reactions in turbulent reacting flows has made it attractive for modeling combustion. However, its application poses a challenge especially for modeling weakly turbulent reacting flow conditions, as well as reacting flows with comparable flow and chemical time scales. The newly proposed combustion scheme can reasonably describe the interaction of chemistry and turbulent flow over a wider range of turbulence conditions. To validate the model, simulations are carried out using diffusion and partially premixed jet flames covering weakly to highly turbulent flow conditions. Moreover, the capability of the new model in predicting NOx emissions, based on fuel bound nitrogen source as well as thermal NOx, is investigated. All numerical results are compared with their counterparts' experimental measurements of temperature and species concentrations. Compared to the standard EDC, the results of the new EDC approach reveal noticeable improvement in the predictions, especially for slow-forming and kinetically dominated species such as CO and NOx.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"220","issue":"January","pages":"420–436","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2018.01.125","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.01.125","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z"}}


key: FYTJ4B8H
data:
  {"key":"FYTJ4B8H","version":436,"data":{"key":"FYTJ4B8H","version":436,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"CFD-3D analysis of a light duty Dual Fuel (Diesel/Natural Gas) combustion engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Enrico","lastName":"Mattarelli"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Carlo Alberto","lastName":"Rinaldini"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Valeri I.","lastName":"Golovitchev"}],"abstractNote":"Nowadays, the most critical issues concerning internal combustion engines are the reduction of the pollutant emissions, in particular of CO2, and the replacement of fossil fuels with renewable sources. An interesting proposition for Diesel engines is the Dual Fuel (DF) combustion, consisting in the ignition of a premixed charge of gaseous fuel (typically natural gas) by means of a pilot injection of Diesel Fuel. Dual fuel combustion is a quite complex process to model, since it includes the injection of liquid fuel, superimposed with a premixed combustion. However, CFD simulation is fundamental to address a number of practical issues, such as the setting of the liquid injection parameters and of the gaseous fuel metering, as well as to get the maximum benefit from the DF technique. In this paper, a customized version of the KIVA-3V Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) code was adopted to analyze the combustion process of a 4-cylinder, 2.8 1, turbocharged HSDI Diesel engine, operating in both Diesel and DF (Diesel and Natural Gas) modes. Starting from a previously validated diesel combustion model, a natural gas combustion model was implemented and added to simulate the DF operations. Available engine test data were used for validation of the diesel-only operation regimes. Using the calibrated model, the influence of the premixed charge composition was investigated, along with the effect of the diesel injection advance angle, at a few characteristic operating conditions. An optimum setting was eventually found, allowing the DF engine to deliver the same brake power of the original Diesel unit, yielding the same maximum in-cylinder pressure. It was found that DF combustion is soot-less, yields a strong reduction of CO and CO2, but also an increase of NO. ?? 2013 The Authors.","publicationTitle":"Energy Procedia","volume":"45","issue":"","pages":"929–937","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.098","ISSN":"18766102","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.098","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier B.V.","tags":[{"tag":"CFD"},{"tag":"Diesel"},{"tag":"Dual fuel"},{"tag":"Natural gas"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z"}}


key: 85KZVP6K
data:
  {"key":"85KZVP6K","version":436,"data":{"key":"85KZVP6K","version":436,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Thin reaction zone and distributed reaction zone regimes in turbulent premixed methane/air flames: Scalar distributions and correlations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Christian","lastName":"Brackmann"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhenkan","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhongshan","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mattias","lastName":"Richter"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Marcus","lastName":"Aldén"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xue Song","lastName":"Bai"}],"abstractNote":"A series of premixed turbulent methane/air jet flames in the thin reaction zone (TRZ) and distributed reaction zone (DRZ) regimes were studied using simultaneous three-scalar high-resolution imaging measurements, including HCO/OH/CH2O, CH/OH/CH2O, T/OH/CH2O and T/CH/OH/. These scalar fields offer a possibility of revisiting the structures of turbulent premixed flames in different combustion regimes. In particular, CH2O provides a measure of the preheat zone, CH/HCO a measure of the inner layer of the reaction zone, and OH a measure of the oxidation zone. Scalar correlations are analyzed on both single-shot and statistical basis, and resolvable correlated structures of ∼100 µm between scalars are captured. With increasing turbulence intensity, it is shown that the preheat zone and the inner layer of the reaction zone become gradually broadened/distributed, and the correlation between HCO and [OH]LIF×[CH2O]LIFdecreases. A transition from the TRZ regime to the DRZ regime is found around Karlovitz number of 70–100. The physical and chemical effects on the broadening of the flame are investigated. In the TRZ regime the inner layer marker CH and HCO remains thin in general although occasional local broadening of CH/HCO could be observed. Furthermore, there is a significant probability of finding CH and HCO at rather low temperatures even in the TRZ regime. In the DRZ regime, the broadening of CH and HCO are shown to be mainly a result of local reactions facilitated by rapid turbulent transport of radicals and intermediate reactants in the upstream of the reaction paths. Differential diffusion is expected to have an important effect in the DRZ regime, as H radicals seemingly play a more important role than OH radicals.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"175","issue":"","pages":"220–236","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.06.016","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.06.016","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0010-2180\nPublisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Distributed reaction zone regime"},{"tag":"Flame/turbulence interaction"},{"tag":"Multi-scalar imaging"},{"tag":"Scalar correlation"},{"tag":"Thin reaction zone regime"},{"tag":"Turbulent premixed flame structure"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z"}}


key: G8SGHVEN
data:
  {"key":"G8SGHVEN","version":436,"data":{"key":"G8SGHVEN","version":436,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The Development of an Electronic Control Unit for a High Pressure Common Rail Diesel / Natural Gas Dual- Fuel Engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xing","lastName":"Wei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ke","lastName":"Zeng"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1168","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–11","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2014-01-1168.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 2014011168","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z"}}


key: WGP7QB2T
data:
  {"key":"WGP7QB2T","version":436,"data":{"key":"WGP7QB2T","version":436,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Chemistry acceleration with tabulated dynamic adaptive chemistry in a realistic engine with a primary reference fuel","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Lei","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Haiqiao","lastName":"Wei"}],"abstractNote":"Detailed kinetic reaction mechanisms are necessary for accurate prediction of combustion characteristics such as ignition and emissions in realistic engines. However, the calculation of chemically reacting flows with detailed chemistry is computational expensive due to the large number of species and reactions involved. In this study, a combined approach of dynamic adaptive chemistry (DAC) and in situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) for efficient chemistry calculations has been implemented into a three-dimensional flow solver to simulate a homogenous charged compression ignition (HCCI) engine with a primary reference fuel (PRF). In the combined method, ISAT speeds up the chemistry calculation by reducing the number of integrations of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) governing chemical kinetics through tabulating and re-using the ODE solutions. At the meantime, DAC accelerates the necessary ODE integrations via the use of locally valid reduced mechanisms, which are obtained using the direct relation graph (DRG) method. The study shows that ISAT-DAC can achieve a speedup factor of about three with accurate prediction of composition and heat release even for the pressure-varying transient engine simulation with significant composition inhomogeneity resulting from wall heat loss. A detailed analysis reveals that the combined method effectively reduces the computational cost through taking advantage of the respective acceleration characteristics of DAC and ISAT at different combustion stages. In the low temperature combustion stage between about 650 K and 1000 K, even though the reduction in the mechanism size and consequently the ODE integration of the chemical kinetics by DAC is not significant, the combined method can still reach a speed-up factor of more than 100 due to the fact that the tabulated entries can effectively be reused. For the high temperature region, even though the tabulated entries cannot be reused due to the rapid change of the pressure and large composition inhomogeneity resulting from the active combustion and heat loss, DAC can effectively reduce the size of the needed ODE integrations by freezing a significant number of unimportant species and reactions. The study further quantifies the effect of composition inhomogeneity on the computation efficiency in detailed chemistry calculations in realistic engine simulations. For the case considered, the temperature inhomogeneity due to the wall heat loss obviously increases at around top dead center (TDC), reaching a level of 350 K difference in temperature within the combustion chamber. Consequently, the overall computational efficiency in chemistry calculation by the combined method has been reduced by 40% compared to the case without heat loss.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"171","issue":"","pages":"186–194","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.12.055","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.12.055","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Computational cost"},{"tag":"HCCI"},{"tag":"ISAT-DAC"},{"tag":"Temperature inhomogeneity"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z"}}


key: VBVGBRLT
data:
  {"key":"VBVGBRLT","version":436,"data":{"key":"VBVGBRLT","version":436,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Split injection in a homogeneous stratified gasoline direct injection engine for high combustion efficiency and low pollutants emission","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M.","lastName":"Costa"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"U.","lastName":"Sorge"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S.","lastName":"Merola"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Irimescu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M.","lastName":"La Villetta"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"V.","lastName":"Rocco"}],"abstractNote":"The effects of splitting the injection event in a GDI (gasoline direct injection) engine operating with a HOS (homogeneous stratified) lean charge are analysed through experimental and numerical techniques. Injection is assumed as divided in two parts, each delivering the same gasoline amount, the first occurring during intake, the second during compression. The work is initially focused on the experimental characterization of the engine under study for the collection of data concerning the in-chamber combustion development. Beside measurements of in–cylinder pressure, UV chemiluminescence is applied to follow the OH radicals formation from spark ignition up to the late combustion phase, thanks to the optical accessibility to the combustion chamber. The collected data serve to the validation of a properly formulated three-dimensional (3D) CFDs model for the simulation of the whole engine working cycle. The definition of the control strategy leading to the greatest combustion efficiency and lowest pollutants emission is made in two steps through numerical optimization: the 3D CFD model is first run to build a low number of samples to be used within a Gaussian RSM (response surface method) to reconstruct, in the DOE (design of experiments) space, the integral of the in–cylinder pressure over volume in the closed valve period; in the second step, the coupling between the 3D engine model and the Simplex algorithm is performed in a restricted DOE subdomain defined according to the first step analysis. The assessed methodology highlights the synchronization of both spark ignition and split injection leading to the highest power output and the lowest pollutants release. The experimental verification of the numerical findings is finally carried out.","publicationTitle":"Energy","volume":"117","issue":"","pages":"405–415","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.065","ISSN":"03605442","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.065","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Gasoline direct injection"},{"tag":"Homogeneous stratified combustion"},{"tag":"Optical diagnostics"},{"tag":"Optimization"},{"tag":"Split injection"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z"}}


key: N353UHU8
data:
  {"key":"N353UHU8","version":436,"data":{"key":"N353UHU8","version":436,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Quantification of the pre-ignition front propagation in DNS of rapidly compressed mixture","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"G.","lastName":"Lodier"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P.","lastName":"Domingo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L.","lastName":"Vervisch"}],"abstractNote":"A method to estimate the propagation speed of a three-dimensional ignition front in Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) is discussed. The objective is to contribute to the design of advanced numerical tools for the study of sporadic pre-ignition kernels leading to violent pressure waves, which may for instance damage moving parts in engines. Estimating the speed of a propagating ignition front in three-dimensional DNS, before it is occurring, is not an easy task, because this speed scales as the inverse of the spatial gradient of the time left till ignition, which is a priori an unknown quantity. The proposed approach introduces, for every point of the DNS, an estimation of the time left till ignition, which is obtained from reactors dynamically parameterized from the time evolving DNS results. This provides a three-dimensional distribution of ignition delays at every instant in time of the DNS fields. The time evolution of the ignition speed is then computed from the space derivative of the ignition delay field. Only the pre-ignition phase is examined and the demonstration of the method is made with oversimplified chemistry, in order to apply it to an existing rapid compression machine, in which the mixture composition is homogeneous, whereas the temperature distribution is non-uniform due to heat-transfer at wall. The two expected distinct ignition regimes are reported. In the first, ignition propagates at the speed of sound, or even above, and occurs over a large portion of the combustion chamber, with a strong and sudden pressure increase. The second ignition regime is much more localized in space and with a propagation mechanism pertaining to a deflagration mode. A method is also discussed to delineate in the DNS between ignition influenced by either the constant pressure or the constant volume canonical behaviors.","publicationTitle":"Flow, Turbulence and Combustion","volume":"94","issue":"1","pages":"219–235","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1007/s10494-014-9577-x","ISSN":"15731987","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Detonation"},{"tag":"Direct numerical simulation"},{"tag":"Ignition"},{"tag":"Rapid compression"},{"tag":"Turbulent combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z"}}


key: WJ8YW8VU
data:
  {"key":"WJ8YW8VU","version":436,"data":{"key":"WJ8YW8VU","version":436,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical simulations of Diesel engine combustion by means of OpenFOAM CFD ToolBox","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Marianna","lastName":"Migliaccio"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Carlo","lastName":"Beatrice"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Maya","lastName":"Briani"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Valentina","lastName":"Fraioli"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE International","volume":"4970","issue":"2009-24-0002","pages":"","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2009-24-0002","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://papers.sae.org/2009-24-0002","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z"}}


key: I4FJ3X4H
data:
  {"key":"I4FJ3X4H","version":435,"data":{"key":"I4FJ3X4H","version":435,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Recent progress in the development of diesel surrogate fuels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"William J.","lastName":"Pitz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Charles J.","lastName":"Mueller"}],"abstractNote":"There has been much recent progress in the area of surrogate fuels for diesel. In the last few years, experiments and modeling have been performed on higher molecular weight components of relevance to diesel fuel such as n-hexadecane (n-cetane) and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (iso-cetane). Chemical kinetic models have been developed for all the n-alkanes up to 16 carbon atoms. Also, there has been experimental and modeling work on lower molecular weight surrogate components such as n-decane and n-dodecane that are most relevant to jet fuel surrogates, but are also relevant to diesel surrogates where simulation of the full boiling point range is desired. For two-ring compounds, experimental work on decalin and tetralin recently has been published. For esters, kinetic mechanisms for compounds of lower molecular weights but similar to those found in typical biodiesel blendstocks also have been published. For multi-component surrogate fuel mixtures, recent work on modeling of these mixtures and comparisons to real diesel fuel is reviewed. Detailed chemical kinetic models for surrogate fuels are very large in size, so it is noteworthy that significant progress also has been made in improving the mechanism reduction tools that are needed to make these large models practicable in multi-dimensional reacting flow simulations of diesel combustion. Nevertheless, major research gaps remain. In the case of iso-alkanes, there are experiments and modeling work on only one of relevance to diesel: iso-cetane. Also, the iso-alkanes in diesel are lightly branched and no detailed chemical kinetic models or experimental investigations are available for such compounds. More components are needed to fill out the iso-alkane boiling point range. For the aromatic class of compounds, there has been little work for compounds in the boiling point range of diesel. Most of the new work has been on alkyl aromatics that are of the range C7-C9, below the C10-C20 range that is needed. For the chemical classes of cycloalkanes and esters, experiments and modeling on higher molecular weight components are warranted. Finally for multi-component surrogates needed to treat real diesel, the inclusion of higher molecular weight components is needed in models and experimental investigations.","publicationTitle":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"37","issue":"3","pages":"330–350","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.pecs.2010.06.004","ISSN":"03601285","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2010.06.004","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0360-1285\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Chemical kinetic model"},{"tag":"Diesel surrogate fuel"},{"tag":"Experimental validation data"},{"tag":"Hydrocarbon fuels"},{"tag":"Physical properties"},{"tag":"Reduced mechanisms"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z"}}


key: UI54MSLX
data:
  {"key":"UI54MSLX","version":435,"data":{"key":"UI54MSLX","version":435,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"MODELLING THE COMBUSTION IN A DUAL FUEL HCCI ENGINE Investigation of knock , compression ratio , equivalence ratio and timing in a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition ( HCCI ) engine with natural gas and diesel fuels using modelling and simulation Hos","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hossein","lastName":"Ghomashi"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:51Z"}}


key: 6BYACHJR
data:
  {"key":"6BYACHJR","version":435,"data":{"key":"6BYACHJR","version":435,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A flame particle tracking analysis of turbulence-chemistry interaction in hydrogen-air premixed flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Harshavardhana A.","lastName":"Uranakara"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Swetaprovo","lastName":"Chaudhuri"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Himanshu L.","lastName":"Dave"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Paul G.","lastName":"Arias"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hong G.","lastName":"Im"}],"abstractNote":"Interactions of turbulence, molecular transport, and energy transport, coupled with chemistry play a crucial role in the evolution of flame surface geometry, propagation, annihilation, and local extinction/re-ignition characteristics of intensely turbulent premixed flames. This study seeks to understand how these interactions affect flame surface annihilation of lean hydrogen-air premixed turbulent flames. Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) are conducted at different parametric conditions with a detailed reaction mechanism and transport properties for hydrogen-air flames. Flame particle tracking (FPT) technique is used to follow specific flame surface segments. An analytical expression for the local displacement flame speed (. Sd) of a temperature isosurface is considered, and the contributions of transport, chemistry, and kinematics on the displacement flame speed at different turbulence-flame interaction conditions are identified. In general, the displacement flame speed for the flame particles is found to increase with time for all conditions considered. This is because, eventually all flame surfaces and their resident flame particles approach annihilation by reactant island formation at the end of stretching and folding processes induced by turbulence. Statistics of principal curvature evolving in time, obtained using FPT, suggest that these islands are ellipsoidal on average enclosing fresh reactants. Further examinations show that the increase in Sd is caused by the increased negative curvature of the flame surface and eventual homogenization of temperature gradients as these reactant islands shrink due to flame propagation and turbulent mixing. Finally, the evolution of the normalized, averaged, displacement flame speed vs. stretch Karlovitz number are found to collapse on a narrow band, suggesting that a unified description of flame speed dependence on stretch rate may be possible in the Lagrangian description.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"163","issue":"","pages":"220–240","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.09.033","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.09.033","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Direct numerical simulation"},{"tag":"Displacement flame speed"},{"tag":"Flame particle tracking"},{"tag":"Turbulent premixed flames"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z"}}


key: VLWGTP69
data:
  {"key":"VLWGTP69","version":435,"data":{"key":"VLWGTP69","version":435,"itemType":"document","title":"Modeling Knock in Spark-Ignition Engines Using a G -equation Combustion Model Incorporating Detailed Chemical Kinetics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Long","lastName":"Liang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Claudia O","lastName":"Iyer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jianwen","lastName":"Yi"}],"abstractNote":"","publisher":"","date":"2007","language":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Issue: 724\nPages: 776–790\nVolume: 2007","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z"}}


key: 4396QQPX
data:
  {"key":"4396QQPX","version":435,"data":{"key":"4396QQPX","version":435,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Modeling and Measurement on Evaporation Process of Multicomponent Fuels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jiro","lastName":"Senda"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tomohiro","lastName":"Higaki"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yasuyuki","lastName":"Sagane"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hajime","lastName":"Fujimoto"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper Series","volume":"","issue":"2000-01-0280","pages":"","date":"2000","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2000-01-0280","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z"}}


key: SEG27XFD
data:
  {"key":"SEG27XFD","version":435,"data":{"key":"SEG27XFD","version":435,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A UNIFAC-based Approach to Gasoline Droplet Evaporation and the Role of Oxygenates on PM Precursor Vaporization","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stephen","lastName":"Burke"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matthew","lastName":"Ratcliff"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robert","lastName":"Mccormick"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robert","lastName":"Rhoads"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bret","lastName":"Windom"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z"}}


key: 3BVW6L5N
data:
  {"key":"3BVW6L5N","version":435,"data":{"key":"3BVW6L5N","version":435,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE DROPLET-SURFACE IMPACT USING INTERFOAM A Thesis Presented By to Mechanical and Industrial Engineering The Department of __________________________ in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science i","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fei","lastName":"Gao"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"August","pages":"","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z"}}


key: PIWWF8F6
data:
  {"key":"PIWWF8F6","version":435,"data":{"key":"PIWWF8F6","version":435,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of the Combustion and Pollutants Formation Mechanisms in Dual Fuel DI Diesel Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R G","lastName":"Papagiannakis"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D T","lastName":"Hountalas"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P N","lastName":"Kotsiopoulos"}],"abstractNote":"With the increasing public interest in energy supply and the environment, attention has focused on the development of ecological and efficient combustion technologies. One of these technologies could be the use of natural gas as supplement fuel for diesel fuel in DI diesel engines. The great availability at attractive prices and the clean nature of combustion are the most important advantages of natural gas compared to conventional diesel fuel. In the present work are given theoretical and experimental results for the combustion mechanism of natural gas in a compression ignition environment, with special emphasis on the combined heat release rate of natural gas and diesel fuel, the duration of combustion and the ignition delay period. Results are also provided for the formation history of pollutants inside the combustion chamber of a DI diesel engine operating in dual fuel mode (with natural gas fuelling). The model used is a two - zone phenomenological one describing the combustion mechanisms of natural gas and diesel fuel. Natural gas is ignited from the diesel fuel and the existence of a flame front is considered to describe its combustion rate. The experimental investigation was conducted on a single cylinder DI diesel engine properly modified to operate under dual fuel conditions using natural gas as supplementary fuel. The experimental results seem to be in good agreement with the theoretical ones, obtained from the simulation model. Comparing the results under normal diesel and dual fuel operation a serious effect of the presence of natural gas on exhaust emissions and main combustion characteristics is observed. As far as the exhaust emissions are concerned, the presence of gaseous fuel affects positively (reduction) the values of NO and Soot. On the contrary dual fuel operation has a negative effect on CO emissions. Concerning the combustion analysis of dual fuel operation, heat release rate is affected seriously by the presence of natural gas in the combustion chamber.Compared to normal diesel operation, the increase of natural gas quantity results to a decrease of the percentage of heat released during premixed combustion period while ignition delay increases. Combustion duration is higher under dual fuel operation at low load, but with the increase of load the difference is decreased and it becomes even lower compared to normal diesel operation at high load.","date":"2005-04","proceedingsTitle":"SAE 2005 World Congress & Exhibition","conferenceName":"","place":"","publisher":"SAE International","volume":"","pages":"","series":"","language":"","DOI":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-1726","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-1726","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISSN: 0148-7191","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z"}}


key: RIGJZQNG
data:
  {"key":"RIGJZQNG","version":435,"data":{"key":"RIGJZQNG","version":435,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Characteristics of near-nozzle spray development from a fouled GDI injector","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jianwei","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yiqiang","lastName":"Pei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhijun","lastName":"Peng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yanfeng","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jing","lastName":"Qin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Li","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Changwen","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaoyu","lastName":"Zhang"}],"abstractNote":"The near-nozzle spray development of a typical fouled gasoline direct injection (GDI) injector was investigated. The fouled injector had been used in a stratified-charge combustion GDI engine and showed typical characteristics, such as accumulated deposits inside and around the nozzles and a reduced flow rate of 2.9–5.7%. Back-illumination and Mie-scattering methods were employed in spray experiments, in conjunction with a high speed camera and a macro lens, to assess the near-nozzle spray behaviors. The experimental results show that at all injection pressures tested, the interaction between deposits and spray led to several poor spray behaviors during the full injection evolution, including spray distortion, residual fuel storage in the nozzles and deposits layer, liquid splashing, the formation of ligament and large droplets and tip wetting/dripping. These effects all may result in high soot emissions. The after-injection stage of the fouled injector produced more liquid ligaments than that of the new injector. It was also found that high injection pressures did not improve atomization during after-injection, nor reduce the amounts of ligaments and droplet clusters beyond the main spray boundary. The plume width and projected spray area of a single nozzle in the fouled injector were decreased by 5–7% and 17–20%, respectively, due to fuel flow losses. The delays in the start of injection and end of injection were approximately 20 μs and 30–40 μs, respectively.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"219","issue":"92","pages":"17–29","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2018.01.070","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.01.070","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[{"tag":"After-injection"},{"tag":"Fouled injector"},{"tag":"Large droplet"},{"tag":"Ligament"},{"tag":"Near-nozzle spray"},{"tag":"Tip wetting"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z"}}


key: RX6G6HLX
data:
  {"key":"RX6G6HLX","version":435,"data":{"key":"RX6G6HLX","version":435,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Modeling of multicomponent-fuel drop-laden mixing layers having a multitude of species","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P. C.","lastName":"Le Clercq"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J.","lastName":"Bellan"}],"abstractNote":"A formulation representing multicomponent-fuel (MC-fuel) composition as a probability distribution function (PDF) depending on the molar mass is used to construct a model of a large number of MC-fuel drops evaporating in a gas flow, so as to assess the extent of fuel specificity on the vapor composition. The PDF is a combination of two Gamma PDFs, which was previously shown to duplicate the behavior of a fuel composed of many species during single drop evaporation. The conservation equations are Eulerian for the flow and Lagrangian for the physical drops, all of which are individually followed. The gas conservation equations for mass, momentum, species, and energy are complemented by differential conservation equations for the first four moments of the gas-composition PDF; all coupled to the perfect gas equation of state. Source terms in all conservation equations couple the gas phase to the drops. The drop conservation equations for mass, position, momentum, and energy are complemented by differential equations for four moments of the liquid-composition PDF. The simulations are performed for a three-dimensional mixing layer whose lower stream is initially laden with drops. Initial perturbations excite the layer to promote the double pairing of its four initial spanwise vortices to an ultimate vortex. The drop temperature is initially lower than that of the surrounding gas, initiating drop heating and evaporation. The results focus on both evolution and the state of the drops and gas when layers reach a momentum-thickness maximum past the double vortex pairing; particular emphasis is on the gas composition. Comparisons between simulations with n-decane, diesel, and three kerosenes show that at same initial Reynolds number and Stokes number distribution, a single-component fuel cannot represent MC fuels. Substantial differences among the MC-fuel vapor composition indicate that fuel specificity must be captured for the prediction of combustion.","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"30 II","issue":"2","pages":"2011–2019","date":"2005","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2004.07.023","ISSN":"15407489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2004.07.023","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 15407489\nPublisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[{"tag":"Multicomponent-fuel sprays"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z"}}


key: NQLX5JRI
data:
  {"key":"NQLX5JRI","version":434,"data":{"key":"NQLX5JRI","version":434,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Reaction Mechanism Generator: Automatic construction of chemical kinetic mechanisms","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Connie W.","lastName":"Gao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Joshua W.","lastName":"Allen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"William H.","lastName":"Green"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Richard H.","lastName":"West"}],"abstractNote":"Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG) constructs kinetic models composed of elementary chemical reaction steps using a general understanding of how molecules react. Species thermochemistry is estimated through Benson group additivity and reaction rate coefficients are estimated using a database of known rate rules and reaction templates. At its core, RMG relies on two fundamental data structures: graphs and trees. Graphs are used to represent chemical structures, and trees are used to represent thermodynamic and kinetic data. Models are generated using a rate-based algorithm which excludes species from the model based on reaction fluxes. RMG can generate reaction mechanisms for species involving carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. It also has capabilities for estimating transport and solvation properties, and it automatically computes pressure-dependent rate coefficients and identifies chemically-activated reaction paths. RMG is an object-oriented program written in Python, which provides a stable, robust programming architecture for developing an extensible and modular code base with a large suite of unit tests. Computationally intensive functions are cythonized for speed improvements. Program summary Program title: RMG Catalogue identifier: AEZW-v1-0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEZW-v1-0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: MIT/X11 License No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 958681 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 9495441 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Python. Computer: Windows, Ubuntu, and Mac OS computers with relevant compilers. Operating system: Unix/Linux/Windows. RAM: 1 GB minimum, 16 GB or more for larger simulations Classification: 16.12. External routines: RDKit, Open Babel, DASSL, DASPK, DQED, NumPy, SciPy Nature of problem: Automatic generation of chemical kinetic mechanisms for molecules containing C, H, O, S, and N. Solution method: Rate-based algorithm adds most important species and reactions to a model, with rate constants derived from rate rules and other parameters estimated via group additivity methods. Additional comments: The RMG software package also includes CanTherm, a tool for computing the thermodynamic properties of chemical species and both high-pressure-limit and pressure-dependent rate coefficients for chemical reactions using results from quantum chemical calculations. CanTherm is compatible with a variety of ab initio quantum chemistry software programs, including but not limited to Gaussian, MOPAC, QChem, and MOLPRO. Running time: From 30 s for the simplest molecules, to up to several weeks, depending on the size of the molecule and the conditions of the reaction system chosen.","publicationTitle":"Computer Physics Communications","volume":"203","issue":"","pages":"212–225","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.cpc.2016.02.013","ISSN":"00104655","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2016.02.013","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier B.V.","tags":[{"tag":"Automatic reaction mechanism generation"},{"tag":"Chemical kinetics"},{"tag":"Combustion"},{"tag":"Rate-based algorithm"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z"}}


key: 6UUYAGTC
data:
  {"key":"6UUYAGTC","version":434,"data":{"key":"6UUYAGTC","version":434,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Open cycle CFD investigation of SI engine fueled with hydrogen/methane blends using detailed kinetic mechanism","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kaveh","lastName":"Zaker"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohammad Hossein","lastName":"Askari"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ali","lastName":"Jazayeri"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Reza","lastName":"Ebrahimi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Behnam","lastName":"Zaker"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mehdi","lastName":"Ashjaee"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"40","issue":"40","pages":"14006–14019","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.08.040","ISSN":"03603199","shortTitle":"","url":"http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360319915021369","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:50Z"}}


key: RNNDWBM5
data:
  {"key":"RNNDWBM5","version":434,"data":{"key":"RNNDWBM5","version":434,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Enhanced aneurysmal flow diversion using a dynamic push-pull technique: An experimental and modeling study","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D.","lastName":"Ma"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J.","lastName":"Xiang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H.","lastName":"Choi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"T. M.","lastName":"Dumont"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S. K.","lastName":"Natarajan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A. H.","lastName":"Siddiqui"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hui","lastName":"Meng"}],"abstractNote":"BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neurovascular flow diverters are flexible, braided stent-meshes for intracranial aneurysm treatment. We applied the dynamic push-pull technique to manipulate the flow-diverter mesh density at the aneurysm orifice to maximize flow diversion. This study investigated the hemodynamic impact of the dynamic push-pull technique on patient-specific aneurysms by using the developed high-fidelity virtual-stenting computational modeling technique combined with computational fluid dynamics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We deployed 2 Pipeline Embolization Devices into 2 identical sidewall anterior cerebral artery aneurysm phantoms by using the dynamic push-pull technique with different delivery-wire advancements. We then numerically simulated these deployment processes and validated the simulated mesh geometry. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed to evaluate detailed hemodynamic changes by deployed flow diverters in the sidewall aneurysm and a fusiform basilar trunk aneurysm (deployments implemented previously). Images of manipulated flow diverter mesh from sample clinical cases were also evaluated. RESULTS: The flow diverters deployed in silico accurately replicated in vitro geometries. Increased delivery wire advancement (21 versus 11 mm) by using a dynamic push-pull technique produced a higher mesh compaction at the aneurysm orifice (50% metal coverage versus 36%), which led to more effective aneurysmal inflow reduction (62% versus 50% in the sidewall aneurysm; 57% versus 36% in the fusiform aneurysm). The dynamic push-pull technique also caused relatively lower metal coverage along the parent vessel due to elongation of the flow diverter. High and low mesh compactions were also achieved for 2 real patients by using the dynamic push-pull technique. CONCLUSIONS: The described dynamic push-pull technique increases metal coverage of pure braided flow diverters over the aneurysm orifice, thereby enhancing the intended flow diversion, while reducing metal coverage along the parent vessel to prevent flow reduction in nearby perforators.","publicationTitle":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","volume":"35","issue":"9","pages":"1779–1785","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.3174/ajnr.A3933","ISSN":"1936959X","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"PMID: 24763414","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:49Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:49Z"}}


key: VKMCYPNR
data:
  {"key":"VKMCYPNR","version":434,"data":{"key":"VKMCYPNR","version":434,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The theory of equilibrium critical phenomena","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Home","lastName":"Search"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Collections","lastName":"Journals"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"About","lastName":"Contact"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"My","lastName":"Iopscience"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:49Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:49Z"}}


key: FYL79A2A
data:
  {"key":"FYL79A2A","version":434,"data":{"key":"FYL79A2A","version":434,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"Multidimensional Simulation of the Influence of Fuel Mixture Composition and Injection Timing in Gasoline-Diesel Dual-Fuel Applications","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Daniele","lastName":"Tamagna"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Roberto","lastName":"Gentili"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Youngchul","lastName":"Ra"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion is considered to be an attractive alternative to traditional internal combustion engine operation because of its extremely low levels of pollutant emissions. However, there are several difficulties that must be overcome for HCCI practical use, such as difficult ignition timing controllability. Indeed, too early or too late ignition can occur with obvious drawbacks. In addition, the increase in cyclic variation caused by the ignition timing uncertainty can lead to uneven engine operation. As a way to solve the combustion phasing control problem, dual-fuel combustion has been proposed. It consists of a diesel pilot injection used to ignite a pre-mixture of gasoline (or other high octane fuel) and air. Although dual-fuel combustion is an attractive way to achieve controllable HCCI operation, few studies are available to help the understanding of its in-cylinder combustion behavior. In this paper, numerical simulations of dual-fuel combustion processes are presented. An implemented version of the multi-dimensional CFD KIVA3V code was used for the study. This version incorporates various advanced sub-models, including the G-equation flame propagation model coupled with CHEMKIN. The influence of injection timing and mixture composition on emission production, as well as on combustion pressure and on heat release rate has been analyzed with two different multi-hole injectors (six and eight holes). Four combustion strategies were compared, and pressure, heat release rate, temperature and emissions results are provided. As expected, decreasing the amount of diesel fuel injected, combustion behavior becomes closer to HCCI combustion, especially with the eight-hole injector. An effective ignition controllability has been obtained with very low percentages of injected diesel fuel for the whole set of considered injection timings.","date":"2008","proceedingsTitle":"SAE Technical Paper","conferenceName":"","place":"","publisher":"","volume":"2008-01-00","pages":"776–790","series":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2008-01-0031","ISBN":"2-00-801003-1","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-0031","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Issue: 724","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:49Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:49Z"}}


key: 8R3INF6T
data:
  {"key":"8R3INF6T","version":434,"data":{"key":"8R3INF6T","version":434,"itemType":"thesis","title":"Development and reduction of a multicomponent reference fuel for gasoline","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Lars","lastName":"Seidel"}],"abstractNote":"","thesisType":"PhD Thesis","university":"","place":"","date":"2017","numPages":"","language":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:49Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:49Z"}}


key: MPDTCZ32
data:
  {"key":"MPDTCZ32","version":434,"data":{"key":"MPDTCZ32","version":434,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Spray combustion of biomass-based renewable diesel fuel using multiple injection strategy in a constant volume combustion chamber","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wei","lastName":"Jing"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zengyang","lastName":"Wu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"William L.","lastName":"Roberts"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tiegang","lastName":"Fang"}],"abstractNote":"Effect of a two-injection strategy associated with a pilot injection on the spray combustion process was investigated under conventional diesel combustion conditions (1000 K and 21% O2concentration) for a biomass-based renewable diesel fuel, i.e., biomass to liquid (BTL), and a regular No. 2 diesel in a constant volume combustion chamber using multiband flame measurement and two-color pyrometry. The spray combustion flame structure was visualized by using multiband flame measurement to show features of soot formation, high temperature and low temperature reactions, which can be characterized by the narrow-band emissions of radicals or intermediate species such as OH, HCHO, and CH. The objective of this study was to identify the details of multiple injection combustion, including a pilot and a main injection, and to provide further insights on how the two injections interact. For comparison, three injection strategies were considered for both fuels including a two-injection strategy (Case TI), single injection strategy A (Case SA), and single injection strategy B (Case SB). Multiband flame results show a strong interaction, indicated by OH emissions between the pilot injection and the main injection for Case TI while very weak connection is found for the narrow-band emissions acquired through filters with centerlines of 430 nm and 470 nm. A faster flame development is found for the main injection of Case TI compared to Cases SA and SB, which could be due to the high temperature environment and large air entrainment from the pilot injection. A lower soot level is observed for the BTL flame compared to the diesel flame for all three injection types. Case TI has a lower soot level compared to Cases SA and SB for the BTL fuel, while the diesel fuel maintains a similar soot level among all three injection strategies. Soot temperature of Case TI is lower for both fuels, especially for diesel. Based on these results, it is expected that the two-injection strategy could be effective in reducing soot and NOx(due to lower combustion temperature) simultaneously compared to either of the single injection strategies.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"181","issue":"x","pages":"718–728","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.05.039","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.05.039","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"BTL"},{"tag":"Biomass to liquid"},{"tag":"Diesel"},{"tag":"Multiple-injection strategy"},{"tag":"Spray combustion"},{"tag":"Two-color pyrometry"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:49Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:49Z"}}


key: FURTXWRX
data:
  {"key":"FURTXWRX","version":434,"data":{"key":"FURTXWRX","version":434,"itemType":"thesis","title":"Studies on the initiation, propagation, and extinction of premixed flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zheng","lastName":"Chen"}],"abstractNote":"Premixed flames are widely utilized in spark ignition engines for automobiles and in advanced gas turbine engine systems for power generation. In the present study, the fundamental properties of premixed flames such as initiation, propagation, and extinction are systematically investigated using asymptotic theoretical analysis, detailed numerical simulations, and/or experimental measurements. A general theory on spherical flame initiation and propagation and an accurate numerical algorithm for adaptive simulation of unsteady reactive flow are first developed. The general theory describes different flame regimes and transitions among them. This could be utilized to study effects of radiative heat loss, ignition power, and preferential diffusion on spherical flame initiation, propagation, and extinction. The numerical solver is thoroughly tested and validated. It is shown to be able to accurately and efficiently model propagating flames with detailed chemical mechanisms. With the help of the general theory and the numerical solver, the controlling factor for spherical flame initiation and how it relates to the minimum ignition energy are then investigated. It is found that there exists a critical flame radius controlling the spherical flame initiation and that the minimum ignition energy is proportional to the cube of the critical flame radius. Moreover, results show that the preferential diffusion between heat and mass (Lewis number) plays an important role in the spherical flame initiation. Both the critical flame radius and the minimum ignition energy are found to increase with the Lewis number. The general theory and the numerical solver are also employed to study the accuracy of laminar flame speed measurements utilizing propagating spherical flames. Different effects such as ignition, unsteadiness, compression, and stretch are found to decrease the accuracy of these measurements. New flame speed determination methods to obtain more accurate flame speeds by correcting for these effects are developed. For example, both the Compression-Corrected Flame Speed (CCFS) and the Stretch-Corrected Flame Speed (SCFS) are demonstrated not only to significantly improve the accuracy of the flame speed measurements but also to greatly extend the parameter range of experimental conditions. The effects of radiation on flame propagation, extinction, and flammability limits are also investigated. Opposite trends for the change of flame propagation speed and flame extinction/flammability limits are found for the outwardly and inwardly propagating spherical fames. A functional expression for the Markstein length is found in terms of the Lewis number and the radiative heat loss. Moreover, the spectrally dependent radiation absorption effect on propagating spherical flames is measured by using CO2-diluted CH4/O2/He mixtures at normal and elevated pressures. Radiation absorption is found to increase the flame speed and extend the flammability limit. In addition, the combined effects of flame curvature, radiation, and stretch on flame extinction are revealed via premixed tubular flames. It is found that the coupling between radiation and flame curvature leads to multiple flame bifurcations and extinction limits. Finally, the effects of kinetic and transport coupling on ignition and flame propagation are investigated by using dimethyl ether (DME) blended methane/air mixtures. It is shown that the addition of a small amount of DME to methane leads to a significant decrease in the ignition time, while the flame speed of DME/CH4/air mixture is only linearly proportional to the DME fraction.","thesisType":"PhD Thesis","university":"Princeton University","place":"","date":"2008","numPages":"","language":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publication Title: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering\nVolume: Ph.D.","tags":[{"tag":"ASURF"},{"tag":"Laminar flame speed: extinction: propagation"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:49Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:49Z"}}


key: G7UFHARF
data:
  {"key":"G7UFHARF","version":434,"data":{"key":"G7UFHARF","version":434,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Review on the Effects of Dual-Fuel Operation, Using Diesel and Gaseous Fuels, on Emissions and Performance","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"a M. L. M.","lastName":"Wagemakers"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C.a.J.","lastName":"Leermakers"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Paper","volume":"","issue":"2012-01-0869","pages":"","date":"2012","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2012-01-0869","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2012-01-0869","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:49Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:49Z"}}


key: A5T6KZAZ
data:
  {"key":"A5T6KZAZ","version":434,"data":{"key":"A5T6KZAZ","version":434,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental study on spray characteristics of long-chain alcohol-diesel fuels in a constant volume chamber","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fengyu","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bolun","lastName":"Yi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wei","lastName":"Fu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Lanbo","lastName":"Song"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tao","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hongwei","lastName":"Hu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Qizhao","lastName":"Lin"}],"abstractNote":"This study aims at study effects of blending long-chain alcohol (n-butanol or n-pentanol) with diesel on the spray characteristics and compare the differences of those spray characteristics between n-butanol-diesel blends and n-pentanol-diesel blends. Results showed that with the addition of long-chain alcohols, the spray tip penetration decreased, the spray cone angle increased and the spray area increased, while with the increasing proportions of long-chain alcohols in blended fuels, the spray area decreased whereas the peak tip velocity increased. Under the same blended ratios, n-butanol-diesel blends showed longer tip penetration, larger cone angle, larger spray area and lower peak tip velocity compared to n-pentanol-diesel blends in the same injection conditions. Furthermore, from the comparison between spray morphology of each tested fuel with each other, it can be inferred that n-butanol-diesel blends have largest spray areas and thinnest spray boundaries, followed by n-pentanol-diesel blends and then pure diesel fuel.","publicationTitle":"Journal of the Energy Institute","volume":"c","issue":"","pages":"1–14","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.joei.2017.11.002","ISSN":"17460220","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2017.11.002","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Blended fuel"},{"tag":"Diesel"},{"tag":"Macroscopic spray characteristics"},{"tag":"N-butanol"},{"tag":"N-pentanol"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:49Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:49Z"}}


key: 4PB78ZXU
data:
  {"key":"4PB78ZXU","version":433,"data":{"key":"4PB78ZXU","version":433,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Multidimensional Computation of Multicomponent Spray Vaporization and Combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N.","lastName":"Ayoub"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D.","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Sae 950285","volume":"","issue":"412","pages":"","date":"1995","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/950285","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z"}}


key: ER6DGS3P
data:
  {"key":"ER6DGS3P","version":433,"data":{"key":"ER6DGS3P","version":433,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A study of natural gas/DME combustion in HCCI engines using CFD with detailed chemical kinetics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Song-Charng","lastName":"Kong"}],"abstractNote":"Combustion characteristics of natural gas and dimethyl ether (DME) mixture in a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine were studied numerically. Detailed chemical kinetics with 83 species and 360 reactions was used with an engine CFD code to simulate the combustion process. Operating conditions with different fuel compositions were simulated. Combustion, nitrogen oxides emissions and effects of fuel compositions on engine operating limits were well predicted by the present model. Chemical kinetics analysis indicated that ignition was achieved by DME oxidation which, in turn, induced combustion of natural gas. Low-temperature heat release is more pronounced as the amount of DME increases. Engine operations become unstable as the excess air ratio of natural gas is reduced near 2. The model also captures the HCCI features of low-combustion temperature and low-nitrogen oxides emissions for the alternative fuels used in this study.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"86","issue":"10–11","pages":"1483–1489","date":"2007","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.11.015","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001623610600456X{\\%}5Cnhttp://ac.els-cdn.com/S001623610600456X/1-s2.0-S001623610600456X-main.pdf?{\\_}tid=a8ecf33c-1c6e-11e5-8431-00000aab0f27{\\&}acdnat=1435369911{\\_}ac9616da206cf9dda2b40cad92b4df83","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361","tags":[{"tag":"DME"},{"tag":"Detailed chemistry-CFD"},{"tag":"HCCI engine"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z"}}


key: ESY4RE9V
data:
  {"key":"ESY4RE9V","version":433,"data":{"key":"ESY4RE9V","version":433,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A reduced chemistry model for multiple gasoline-ethanol surrogates by a Jacobian-aided DRGEP approach","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yulin","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Marco","lastName":"Mehl"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jyh-yuan","lastName":"Chen"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–7","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"engine"},{"tag":"ethanol"},{"tag":"gasoline surrogate"},{"tag":"reduction"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z"}}


key: WGAKCAP2
data:
  {"key":"WGAKCAP2","version":433,"data":{"key":"WGAKCAP2","version":433,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Optimization of spray break-up CFD simulations by combining Σ-Y Eulerian atomization model with a response surface methodology under diesel engine-like conditions (ECN Spray A)","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Pandal"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R.","lastName":"Payri"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J. M.","lastName":"García-Oliver"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J. M.","lastName":"Pastor"}],"abstractNote":"This work evaluates the performance of the Σ-Y Eulerian atomization model at reproducing the internal structure of a diesel spray with a special focus on Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) predictions. Modeling results have been compared to x-ray radiography measurements [21,24,38] which provided unique data within dense spray region. The first step corresponds to accurately reproduce the large scale spray dispersion. Among different RANS turbulence models, the standard k-ϵ with the round jet corrected C1ϵvalue (1.60), has shown the best performance, as shown in [12]. Then, the study is devoted to the application and optimization of the predicted interphase surface density (Σ). In this work, a combination of CFD modeling and the statistical Design of Experiments (DOE) technique known as Response Surface Method (RSM) is applied in order to improve Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) predictions from Σ equation compared to experimental measurements. In the investigation, two different optimizations are conducted for the three modeling parameters involved in the equation, following a Central Composite Design (CCD), leading to 15 simulations for each one. After that, both optimum sets of values are validated to assure the accuracy of the method and it is decided the best choice. Finally, different injection and ambient conditions are simulated, with those selected values, providing a remarkable improvement in the modeling performance.","publicationTitle":"Computers and Fluids","volume":"156","issue":"","pages":"9–20","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2017.06.022","ISSN":"00457930","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0045-7930\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"CFD"},{"tag":"Diesel spray"},{"tag":"Eulerian"},{"tag":"Near-field"},{"tag":"Response Surface Method"},{"tag":"SMD"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z"}}


key: CQB3PXLW
data:
  {"key":"CQB3PXLW","version":433,"data":{"key":"CQB3PXLW","version":433,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"There is little agreement in the literature on the relative importance of all three","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C Franklin","lastName":"Goldsmith"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"2","pages":"4–9","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"combustion"},{"tag":"exhaust gas recirculation"},{"tag":"hno2"},{"tag":"hono"},{"tag":"nitrates"},{"tag":"nitrogen"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z"}}


key: I64A84CU
data:
  {"key":"I64A84CU","version":433,"data":{"key":"I64A84CU","version":433,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"CFD for Evaluation and Treatment Planning of Aneurysms: Review of Proposed Clinical Uses and Their Challenges","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bongjae","lastName":"Chung"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Juan Raul","lastName":"Cebral"}],"abstractNote":"Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used for several years to identify mechanical risk factors associated with aneurysmal evolution and rupture as well as to understand flow characteristics before and after surgical treatments in order to help the clinical decision making process. We used the keywords, \"CFD\" and \"aneurysms\" to search recent publications since about 2000, and categorized them into (i) studies of rupture risk factors and (ii) investigations of pre- and post-evaluations of surgical treatment with devices like coils and flow diverters (FD). This search enables us to examine the current status of CFD as a clinical tool and to determine if CFD can potentially become an important part of the routine clinical practice for the evaluation and treatment of aneurysms in near future. According to previous reports, it has been argued that CFD has become a quite robust non-invasive tool for the evaluation of surgical devices, especially in the early stages of device design and it has also been applied successfully to the study of rupture risk assessment. However, we find that due to the large number of pre-processing inputs further efforts of validation and reproducibility of CFD with larger clinical datasets are still essential to identify standardized mechanical risk factors. As a result, we identify the following needs to have a robust CFD tool for clinical use: (i) more reliability tests through validation studies, (ii) analyses of larger generalized clinical datasets to find converging universal risk parameters, (iii) fluid structure interaction (FSI) analyses to better understand the detailed vascular remodeling processes associated with aneurysm growth, evolution and rupture, and (iv) better coordinated and organized communications and collaborations between engineers and clinicians.","publicationTitle":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"43","issue":"1","pages":"122–138","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1007/s10439-014-1093-6","ISSN":"15739686","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0090-6964\nPMID: 25186432","tags":[{"tag":"Aneurysms"},{"tag":"CFD"},{"tag":"Endovascular devices"},{"tag":"Rupture risk factors"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z"}}


key: 4HHZHC8K
data:
  {"key":"4HHZHC8K","version":433,"data":{"key":"4HHZHC8K","version":433,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Nondestructive testing and evaluation of wood: A worldwide research update","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Brian K.","lastName":"Brashaw"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Voichita","lastName":"Bucur"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ferenc","lastName":"Divos"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Raquel","lastName":"Goncalves"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jianxiong","lastName":"Lu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Roger","lastName":"Meder"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Roy F.","lastName":"Pellerin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Simon","lastName":"Potter"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robert J.","lastName":"Ross"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiping","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yafang","lastName":"Yin"}],"abstractNote":"展望","publicationTitle":"Forest Products Journal","volume":"59","issue":"3","pages":"7–14","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"00157473","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0015-7473","tags":[{"tag":"NDE"},{"tag":"NDT"},{"tag":"国際会議"},{"tag":"地域別"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z"}}


key: KFKXLEDQ
data:
  {"key":"KFKXLEDQ","version":433,"data":{"key":"KFKXLEDQ","version":433,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Integration of a Continuous Multi-Component Fuel Evaporation Model with an Improved G-Equation Combustion and Detailed Chemical Kinetics Model with Application to GDI Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shiyou","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"A continuous multi-component fuel evaporation model has been integrated with an improved G-equation combustion and detailed chemical kinetics model. The integrated code has been successfully used to simulate a gasoline direct injection engine. In the multi-component fuel model, the theory of continuous thermodynamics is used to model the properties and composition of multicomponent fuels such as gasoline. In the improved Gequation combustion model a flamelet approach based on the G-equation is used that considers multicomponent fuel effects. To precisely calculate the local and instantaneous residual which has a great effect on the laminar flame speed, a transport equation residual model is used. A Damkohler number criterion is used to determine the combustion mode in flame containing cells. To consider the change of local fuel vapor mixture composition, a PRF adaptive method is proposed that formulates a relationship between the fuel vapor mixture PRF number (or Octane number) and the fuel vapor mixture composition based on the mean molecular weight and variance of the fuel vapor mixture composition in each cell. The laminar flame speed has been updated to consider multi-component fuel effects, as a function of pressure, temperature, equivalence ratio, residual, and fuel vapor mixture PRF number. To model the chemistry process in the unburned region in front of the flame and in burned regions behind the flame, a recently developed PRF mechanism is used to describe the multi-component fuel mixture. Simulations of the vaporization of a single droplet with a single-component fuel (iso-octane) are compared with multi-component fuel cases. The vaporization of a spray of multi-component fuel injected into a chamber is simulated for both normal and flash-boiling conditions. The new PRF mechanism is validated against shock tube data. In addition, gasoline direct injection engine combustion is simulated at different manifold absolute pressures, different end-offuel injection timings, and different spark ignition timings. The simulated in-cylinder pressures and heat release rates are compared with experiment data and good agreements are found.","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper Series","volume":"","issue":"2009-01-0722","pages":"–01–0722","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2009-01-0722","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z"}}


key: 5HL4HNSU
data:
  {"key":"5HL4HNSU","version":433,"data":{"key":"5HL4HNSU","version":433,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental investigation of effects of super high injection pressure on diesel spray and induced shock waves characteristics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tao Ming","lastName":"Jia"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yu Song","lastName":"Yu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Guo Xiu","lastName":"Li"}],"abstractNote":"Modern diesel engines employ higher injection pressure in the common-rail injection system that utilizes high-speed fuel jet to achieve rapid fuel-air mixing for spray atomization improvement. However, the spray characteristics under super high pressure are not well understood. To provide more information on spray characteristics, both the macro- and micro-characteristics of spray have been investigated under super high pressures (up to 300 MPa) via an experimental method. The spray penetration and spray cone angle were measured using a high speed camera and the microscopic characteristic of Sauter mean diameter (SMD) was obtained via Malvern Spray Tec to analyze the influence of super high injection pressure on diesel spray atomization. Induced shock waves were captured using a Schlieren system when the spray tip velocity was greater than the local sound velocity accompanied by diesel spray. The results obtained show that higher injection pressures lead to larger spray velocities and a smaller shock wave angle if it exists, with connection between spray and shock waves, and generates a smaller SMD with less decreasing amplitude. Additionally, two different types of leading shock waves—bow and oblique shock wave appeared sequentially with increasing injection pressure.","publicationTitle":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"85","issue":"","pages":"399–408","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.03.026","ISSN":"08941777","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.03.026","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel spray characteristics"},{"tag":"Induced shock waves"},{"tag":"Sauter mean diameter"},{"tag":"Super high injection pressure"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z"}}


key: SUFZVNA5
data:
  {"key":"SUFZVNA5","version":432,"data":{"key":"SUFZVNA5","version":432,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Structure of Nonpremixed Swirl-Type Tubular Flames Burning Condensed Fuels with Unity Lewis Numbers","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Vinicius M","lastName":"Sauer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fernando F","lastName":"Fachini"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Derek","lastName":"Dunn-rankin"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"liquid fuels"},{"tag":"nonpremixed laminar flames"},{"tag":"tubular flames"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z"}}


key: X68DQBEC
data:
  {"key":"X68DQBEC","version":432,"data":{"key":"X68DQBEC","version":432,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"Efficincy and Emission Characteristics of Partially Premixed Dual-Fuel Combustion by Co-Direct Injection of NG and Diesel Fuel (DI2)-Part 2","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Z.","lastName":"Neely, G., Florea , R., Mitwa, J., and Abidin"}],"abstractNote":"","date":"2017","proceedingsTitle":"SAE TEchnical Paper 2017-01-0766","conferenceName":"","place":"Detroit","publisher":"SAE International","volume":"","pages":"","series":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2017-01-0766","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:48Z"}}


key: CVF62UIB
data:
  {"key":"CVF62UIB","version":432,"data":{"key":"CVF62UIB","version":432,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effect of mesh refinement and model parameters on LES simulation of diesel sprays","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"G","lastName":"Hindi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"E E","lastName":"Paladino"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A A M De Oliviera","lastName":"Jr"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"71","issue":"October 2017","pages":"246–259","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2018.04.001","ISSN":"0142727X","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z"}}


key: FCUVBBKJ
data:
  {"key":"FCUVBBKJ","version":432,"data":{"key":"FCUVBBKJ","version":432,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Fuel Flexibility Impacts on Ignition Delay in Internal Combustion Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Reaction","lastName":"Design"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"93","issue":"","pages":"1–4","date":"","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z"}}


key: B5TEKSP2
data:
  {"key":"B5TEKSP2","version":432,"data":{"key":"B5TEKSP2","version":432,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Direct numerical simulations of flows with phase change","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"G.","lastName":"Tryggvason"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"a.","lastName":"Esmaeeli"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N.","lastName":"Al-Rawahi"}],"abstractNote":"The status of direct numerical simulation of multiphase flows with phase change is discussed, with particular emphasis on the formation of microstructure during solidification, in the presence of flow, and boiling. A number of methods have recently been developed to simulate these problems, mostly using the “one-fluid” approach, where one set of governing equations is used for both phases. Results for both problems, using a combined finite volume/front tracking method are shown.","publicationTitle":"Computers & Structures","volume":"83","issue":"6-7","pages":"445–453","date":"2005","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2004.05.021","ISSN":"00457949","shortTitle":"","url":"http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0045794904004158/1-s2.0-S0045794904004158-main.pdf?{\\_}tid=626344da-166e-11e5-ae82-00000aacb35e{\\&}acdnat=1434710085{\\_}b111c54e7d89d6e383e4e722c66f1ba2","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0791836339","tags":[{"tag":"boiling"},{"tag":"direct numerical simulations"},{"tag":"front-tracking"},{"tag":"phase change"},{"tag":"solidification"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z"}}


key: RJF7S4WS
data:
  {"key":"RJF7S4WS","version":432,"data":{"key":"RJF7S4WS","version":432,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Development of an optimized chemical kinetic mechanism for homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion of a fuel blend of \\textlessi\\textgreatern\\textless/i\\textgreater-heptane and natural gas using a genetic algorithm","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A","lastName":"Rahimi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"E","lastName":"Fatehifar"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R Khoshbakhti","lastName":"Saray"}],"abstractNote":"Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a promising technique for advanced low-temperature combustion strategies that offers a high fuel conversion efficiency and low nitrogen oxide and soot emissions. One of the major problems associated with HCCI combustion engine application is the lack of direct control for combustion timing. A proposed solution for combustion timing control is to use a binary fuel blend in which two fuels with different autoignition characteristics are blended at various ratios on a cycle-by-cycle basis. Because dual-fuel diesel-natural-gas engines have already been used, a fuel blend of n-heptane (diesel-like fuel) and natural gas (mostly methane) is one of the best available options. The objective of this study is to optimize the chemical kinetic mechanisms available for n-heptane and natural gas to be used in a binary-fuel blend scenario. Using the genetic algorithm method, a combined mechanism was optimized and modelling results were verified against experimental results. The agreement between experimental and modelling results was found to be acceptable within the examined conditions. As a result, an optimized chemical kinetic mechanism for an n-heptane-natural-gas blend is presented.","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering","volume":"224","issue":"","pages":"1141–1159","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1243/09544070JAUTO1343","ISSN":"0954-4070","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0954-4070","tags":[{"tag":"chanism"},{"tag":"chemical kinetic me-"},{"tag":"combustion"},{"tag":"genetic algorithm"},{"tag":"homogeneous charge compression ignition"},{"tag":"multi-zone combustion model"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z"}}


key: NUJVHM6R
data:
  {"key":"NUJVHM6R","version":432,"data":{"key":"NUJVHM6R","version":432,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Performance, Gaseous and Particle Emissions of a Small Compression Ignition Engine Operating in Diesel/Methane Dual Fuel Mode","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Silvana","lastName":"Di Iorio"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Agnese","lastName":"Magno"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ezio","lastName":"Mancaruso"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bianca Maria","lastName":"Vaglieco"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"180","issue":"","pages":"613–623","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0771","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://papers.sae.org/2016-01-0771/","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z"}}


key: KQIFEPMK
data:
  {"key":"KQIFEPMK","version":432,"data":{"key":"KQIFEPMK","version":432,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effects of strain rate on high-pressure nonpremixed n -heptane autoignition in counterflow","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shiling","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"John C","lastName":"Hewson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jacqueline H","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Heinz","lastName":"Pitsch"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"137","issue":"","pages":"320–339","date":"2004","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.01.011","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"autoignition"},{"tag":"counterflow"},{"tag":"n -heptane"},{"tag":"nonpremixed"},{"tag":"strain effect"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z"}}


key: 8HTKKMEL
data:
  {"key":"8HTKKMEL","version":432,"data":{"key":"8HTKKMEL","version":432,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Autoignition of trans -Decalin , a Diesel Surrogate Compound : Rapid Compression Machine Experiments and Chemical Kinetic Modeling","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mengyuan","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Goutham","lastName":"Kukkadapu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kuiwen","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"William J","lastName":"Pitz"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–14","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"autoignition"},{"tag":"chemical kinetic"},{"tag":"rapid compression machine"},{"tag":"trans-decalin"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z"}}


key: AQNU65ZB
data:
  {"key":"AQNU65ZB","version":453,"data":{"key":"AQNU65ZB","version":453,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"An experimental and numerical investigation of premixed syngas combustion dynamics in mesoscale channels with controlled wall temperature profiles","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Andrea","lastName":"Brambilla"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Marco","lastName":"Schultze"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Christos E.","lastName":"Frouzakis"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"John","lastName":"Mantzaras"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf","lastName":"Bombach"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Konstantinos","lastName":"Boulouchos"}],"abstractNote":"The dynamics in H2/CO/O2/N2 premixed combustion was investigated experimentally and numerically in a 7-mm height mesoscale channel at atmospheric pressure, fuel-lean equivalence ratios 0.25-0.42, volumetric CO:H2 ratios 1:1 to 20:1, and wall temperatures 550-1320 K. Experiments were performed in an optically-accessible channel-flow reactor and involved high-speed (up to 1 kHz) planar laser induced fluorescence (LIF) of the OH radical and thermocouple measurements of the upper and lower channel wall temperatures. Simulations were carried out with a transient 2-D code, which included an elementary syngas reaction mechanism and detailed species transport. Demarcation of the experimentally-observed parameter space separating stationary and oscillatory combustion modes indicated that the former were favored at the higher wall temperatures and higher CO:H2 volumetric ratios, while the latter predominately appeared at the lower wall temperatures and lower CO:H2 ratios. The numerical model reproduced very well all stationary combustion modes, which included V-shaped and asymmetric (upper or lower) modes, in terms of flame shapes and flame anchoring positions. Simulations of the oscillatory flames, which appeared in the form of ignition/extinction events of varying spatial extents, were very sensitive to the specific boundary conditions and reproduced qualitatively the flame topology, the ignition sequence (including the periodic reversion from upper-asymmetric to lower-asymmetric flame propagation), and the range of measured oscillation frequencies. Predicted emissions in the stationary modes ranged from 25 to 94 ppm-mass for CO and from 0.1 to 0.3 ppm-mass for H2, while in the oscillatory modes incomplete combustion of both CO and H2 was attested during their oscillation period.","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"35","issue":"3","pages":"3429–3437","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2014.06.131","ISSN":"15407489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.06.131","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[{"tag":"High-speed planar laser induced fluorescence of th"},{"tag":"Mesoscale channel combustion"},{"tag":"Premixed syngas combustion dynamics"},{"tag":"Stationary asymmetric and oscillatory combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z"}}


key: QIKVLVRF
data:
  {"key":"QIKVLVRF","version":452,"data":{"key":"QIKVLVRF","version":452,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effect of split fuel injection and EGR on NOx and PM emission reduction in a low temperature combustion (LTC) mode diesel engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ayush","lastName":"Jain"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Akhilendra Pratap","lastName":"Singh"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Avinash Kumar","lastName":"Agarwal"}],"abstractNote":"In this study, an advanced combustion concept ‘premixed charge compression ignition' (PCCI) has been explored for application in diesel engines. PCCI combustion is a single-stage combustion process, in which a large fraction of fuel burns in premixed combustion phase resulting in relatively lower in-cylinder temperatures compared to compression ignition (CI) combustion. However at high loads, PCCI combustion results in severe knocking and higher oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. This limits the applicability of this combustion concept up to medium engine loads. This limitation of PCCI combustion can be resolved by altering in-cylinder pressure-temperature history at the time of fuel injection. This can also be resolved by deploying suitable split fuel injection strategy and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), which control combustion events such as start of combustion (SoC) and combustion phasing, leading to lower knocking and NOx emissions. To investigate the effects of various split injection strategies and EGR on PCCI combustion, engine experiments were conducted at different start of main injection (SoMI) timings (12, 16, 20 and 24ï¿½ bTDC), start of pilot injection (SoPI) timings (30, 35 and 40ï¿½ bTDC) and EGR rates (0, 15 and 30%). This study also included detailed particulate characterization such as particulate number-size distribution using an engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS) and particulate bound trace metal analysis by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometry (ICP-OES). PCCI combustion was found to be superior at 35ï¿½ bTDC SoPI timing and 15% EGR. At retarded SoPI timing (30ï¿½ bTDC), PCCI combustion resulted in slightly higher NOx and particulate emissions, however at too advanced SoPI timing (40ï¿½ bTDC), PCCI combustion showed relatively inferior engine performance. Application of EGR improved PCCI combustion and emission characteristics, however at high EGR, PCCI combustion resulted in inferior engine performance due to reduction in bulk in-cylinder temperatures. Overall, this study showed that PCCI combustion stability, knocking and NOx emissions can be optimized by selecting suitable combination of SoMI and SoPI timings, and EGR rate.","publicationTitle":"Energy","volume":"122","issue":"","pages":"249–264","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.050","ISSN":"03605442","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.050","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0360-5442\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Exhaust gas recirculation"},{"tag":"Heat release rate"},{"tag":"Knocking"},{"tag":"Partially premixed charge compression ignition"},{"tag":"Split injection"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z"}}


key: TI7QZV76
data:
  {"key":"TI7QZV76","version":452,"data":{"key":"TI7QZV76","version":452,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Information to users","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Edward","lastName":"Michael"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"1990","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z"}}


key: XCZ5L4KV
data:
  {"key":"XCZ5L4KV","version":452,"data":{"key":"XCZ5L4KV","version":452,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Secondary Breakup of Liquid Drops in an Accelerating Flow at High Weber Numbers","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Niccolò","lastName":"Ciarlini"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mirko","lastName":"Gamba"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"10th U.S. Natinal Combustion Meeting","volume":"1","issue":"1","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"catastrophic breakup"},{"tag":"scramjet"},{"tag":"secondary breakup"},{"tag":"shear breakup"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z"}}


key: 5WHXQTHR
data:
  {"key":"5WHXQTHR","version":452,"data":{"key":"5WHXQTHR","version":452,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"OpenFOAM and Third Party Structural Solver for Fluid – Structure Interaction Simulations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robert L","lastName":"Campbell"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Brent a","lastName":"Craven"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Presentation","volume":"","issue":"June","pages":"1–19","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z"}}


key: Q6RWAQ2P
data:
  {"key":"Q6RWAQ2P","version":452,"data":{"key":"Q6RWAQ2P","version":452,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Mkronlnis International","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Information T O","lastName":"Users"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z"}}


key: A82R7SH6
data:
  {"key":"A82R7SH6","version":452,"data":{"key":"A82R7SH6","version":452,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"SAE TECHNICAL Rate of Heat Release Prediction for Direct Injection Diesel Engines Based on Purely Mixing Controlled Combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Franz G","lastName":"Chmela"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gerhard C","lastName":"Orthaber"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"724","pages":"","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z"}}


key: 6L58YHTL
data:
  {"key":"6L58YHTL","version":452,"data":{"key":"6L58YHTL","version":452,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences Turbulent film condensation in the presence of non-condensable gases over a horizontal tube","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Cha","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yan-ting","lastName":"Lin"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"48","issue":"9","pages":"1777–1785","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2009.02.003","ISSN":"1290-0729","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2009.02.003","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Masson SAS","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z"}}


key: KN53N3QK
data:
  {"key":"KN53N3QK","version":452,"data":{"key":"KN53N3QK","version":452,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the particle loading effect on gas flow features for low pressure cold spray applications","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F.","lastName":"Caruso"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M. C.","lastName":"Meyer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R.","lastName":"Lupoi"}],"abstractNote":"This paper reports numerical investigations to develop a high quality simulation model for the Cold Spray (CS) process as part of the project, Supersonic Spray Advanced Modelling (SSAM). Cold spray is a process in which unmelted solid particles are accelerated through a De Laval nozzle toward a target surface and deposited, which avoids or minimises the detrimental effects that arise from melting. The gas flow injected allows the particles to achieve velocities up to 1000 m/s until they impact onto a substrate, bonding with plastic deformation. Analytical and numerical tools were used in the recent years to study the most important parameters of the fluid dynamic of the process. These parameters are often overestimated or non-validated, as many authors tend to neglect inter-phase couplings. The interactions between the gas flow features and particulate phase are important for the present multiphase flows, and many of the connected phenomena lack physical comprehension. For this purpose, a detailed 3D model for RANS simulations has been realised and the gas and particle dynamics in the nozzle and jet were analysed. Advancements for future computational methods are derived from this study, in order to build a comprehensive and coherent numerical model for cold spray applications.","publicationTitle":"Surface and Coatings Technology","volume":"339","issue":"October 2017","pages":"181–190","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.02.016","ISSN":"02578972","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.02.016","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[{"tag":"Cold Spray"},{"tag":"Low pressure nozzle"},{"tag":"Numerical simulations"},{"tag":"Particle loading"},{"tag":"Phase coupling"},{"tag":"Three-dimensional model"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z"}}


key: MDG47RCK
data:
  {"key":"MDG47RCK","version":452,"data":{"key":"MDG47RCK","version":452,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Efficient Multicomponent Fuel Algorithm","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D J","lastName":"Torres"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P J","lastName":"O'Rourke"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A A","lastName":"Amsden"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion Theory and Modelling","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2003","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1088/1364-7830/7/1/304","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Derivation"},{"tag":"Numerical Modelling"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:06Z"}}


key: JLYIF56K
data:
  {"key":"JLYIF56K","version":452,"data":{"key":"JLYIF56K","version":452,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"Extinction and Autoignition of n-Heptane in Counterflow Configuration","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Curran H. J.","lastName":"Seiser R., Pitsch H., Seshadri K., Pitz W. J."}],"abstractNote":"","date":"2000","proceedingsTitle":"Combustion Institute","conferenceName":"","place":"","publisher":"","volume":"","pages":"2029–2037","series":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z"}}


key: YK6R8TDQ
data:
  {"key":"YK6R8TDQ","version":451,"data":{"key":"YK6R8TDQ","version":451,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental investigation on heat transfer of n-pentane spray impingement on piston surface","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhi Fu","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Safwan Hanis","lastName":"Mohd Murad"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jia Meng","lastName":"Tian"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Joseph","lastName":"Camm"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Richard","lastName":"Stone"}],"abstractNote":"Fuel spray impingement on piston surfaces is a concern because it can cause particulate exhaust emissions from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine. Transient heat transfer plays an important role that directly influences liquid film evaporation and its lifetime. In this paper, the effects of injection temperature, injection pressure, piston temperature and impact distance on n-pentane spray impingement heat transfer were fully examined. Results showed that increasing the piston temperature could increase the rate of heat transfer with a larger surface temperature reduction and a higher heat flux, which led to a shorter liquid film lifetime on the piston surface. Increasing the fuel injection temperature helped to improve atomization of the fuel spray, reduce the penetration distance and mitigate impact, which in turn led to reduced surface cooling and less liquid film on the piston surface. A decrease in impact distance and an increase in injection pressure both caused an increase in surface temperature reduction and heat flux but a decrease in the liquid film residence time. The dimensionless heat flux in terms of Biot and Fourier numbers presented a high similarity during the rapid cooling stage. A dimensionless correlation was formed to quantify this fast time-varying heat transfer behaviour.","publicationTitle":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"138","issue":"March","pages":"197–206","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.04.059","ISSN":"13594311","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.04.059","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[{"tag":"GDI engines"},{"tag":"Particulate matter emissions"},{"tag":"Spray impingement"},{"tag":"Transient heat transfer"},{"tag":"n-pentane"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z"}}


key: EAZKMRYB
data:
  {"key":"EAZKMRYB","version":451,"data":{"key":"EAZKMRYB","version":451,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical Simulations of Gas-Liquid Boiling Flows Using OpenFOAM","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Raj Gopal","lastName":"Tripathi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Vivek V.","lastName":"Buwa"}],"abstractNote":"The present work is aimed at development of an experimentally verified computational model based on OpenFOAM for the simu- lations of gas-liquid boiling flows. The open source CFD code OpenFOAM was developed further to include k-E turbulence model, different inter-phase coupling forces and energy transport accompanied with phase change. The most commonly used wall heat flux partitioning model, proposed by Kurul and Podowski 1, was implemented in the OpenFOAM to simulate two-phase boiling. The predicted axial and radial vapor volume fraction distribution, liquid temperature distribution and wall temperature profiles were compared with the DEBORA measurements 2. A good agreement between the predictions and measurements was observed. The experimentally verified model was used to understand the effects of various interfacial closures e.g. lift force, turbulent dispersion force and wall force, on the vapor volume fraction distribution. The effects of bubble induced turbulence and nucleation site density on the hydrodynamics of the gas-liquid boiling flows were studied. Such an experimentally verified open source CFD code will be useful to simulate boiling under different regimes and in complex geometries.","publicationTitle":"Procedia IUTAM","volume":"15","issue":"","pages":"178–185","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.piutam.2015.04.025","ISSN":"22109838","shortTitle":"","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210983815001364","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier B.V.","tags":[{"tag":"Boiling"},{"tag":"Gas-liquid flows"},{"tag":"OpenFOAM"},{"tag":"Simulation"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z"}}


key: UIAFY5KC
data:
  {"key":"UIAFY5KC","version":451,"data":{"key":"UIAFY5KC","version":451,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental investigation of effects of super high injection pressure on diesel spray and induced shock waves characteristics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tao Ming","lastName":"Jia"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yu Song","lastName":"Yu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Guo Xiu","lastName":"Li"}],"abstractNote":"Modern diesel engines employ higher injection pressure in the common-rail injection system that utilizes high-speed fuel jet to achieve rapid fuel-air mixing for spray atomization improvement. However, the spray characteristics under super high pressure are not well understood. To provide more information on spray characteristics, both the macro- and micro-characteristics of spray have been investigated under super high pressures (up to 300 MPa) via an experimental method. The spray penetration and spray cone angle were measured using a high speed camera and the microscopic characteristic of Sauter mean diameter (SMD) was obtained via Malvern Spray Tec to analyze the influence of super high injection pressure on diesel spray atomization. Induced shock waves were captured using a Schlieren system when the spray tip velocity was greater than the local sound velocity accompanied by diesel spray. The results obtained show that higher injection pressures lead to larger spray velocities and a smaller shock wave angle if it exists, with connection between spray and shock waves, and generates a smaller SMD with less decreasing amplitude. Additionally, two different types of leading shock waves—bow and oblique shock wave appeared sequentially with increasing injection pressure.","publicationTitle":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"85","issue":"","pages":"399–408","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.03.026","ISSN":"08941777","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.03.026","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel spray characteristics"},{"tag":"Induced shock waves"},{"tag":"Sauter mean diameter"},{"tag":"Super high injection pressure"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z"}}


key: 5TRNYZ7B
data:
  {"key":"5TRNYZ7B","version":451,"data":{"key":"5TRNYZ7B","version":451,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"An experimental performance study of vortex tube refrigeration system","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sankar Ram","lastName":"T"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ansih Raij","lastName":"K"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Engineering Development and Research","volume":"1","issue":"2","pages":"74–78","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"-vortex tube"},{"tag":"cooling"},{"tag":"refrigeration"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z"}}


key: 77HQ3G4Q
data:
  {"key":"77HQ3G4Q","version":451,"data":{"key":"77HQ3G4Q","version":451,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Theoretical and experimental comparison of internal flow and spray characteristics between diesel and biodiesel","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shenghao","lastName":"Yu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bifeng","lastName":"Yin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hekun","lastName":"Jia"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shuai","lastName":"Wen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xifeng","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jianda","lastName":"Yu"}],"abstractNote":"The internal flow in nozzle and macroscopic spray characteristics of diesel and biodiesel, by employing a validated numerical model and a laser-based Mie-scattering technique, are investigated. The results indicate that both the mass flow rate and the orifice exit average velocity of diesel are larger than those of biodiesel. Also, that diesel consistently produced higher cavitation intensity and turbulence kinetic energy confirms diesel can boost the naissance of cavitation and the turbulence disturbance inside the nozzle. Meanwhile, the cavitation intensity and the turbulence kinetic energy increase dramatically as the injection pressure increases; the cavitation domain is consistent with the domain of high turbulence kinetic energy. Furthermore, the radial velocity of diesel is significantly higher than biodiesel under the same injection pressure, while the radial velocities of both fuels increase as the injection pressure increase. Moreover, the spray tip penetration of biodiesel is longer than that of diesel, while the aerodynamic spray cone angle of biodiesel is narrower that of diesel under the same injection pressure. Higher surface tension and viscosity of biodiesel resulted in smaller cavitation intensity, turbulence kinetic energy and radial velocity at the nozzle exit, which in turn contribute to the narrowing of the aerodynamic spray cone angle.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"208","issue":"","pages":"20–29","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.136","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.136","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel and biodiesel"},{"tag":"Diesel nozzle"},{"tag":"Internal flow"},{"tag":"Spray characteristic"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z"}}


key: T8WYPNPU
data:
  {"key":"T8WYPNPU","version":451,"data":{"key":"T8WYPNPU","version":451,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Modeling turbulence–chemistry interaction in lean premixed hydrogen flames with a strained flamelet model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Philipp","lastName":"Trisjono"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Konstantin","lastName":"Kleinheinz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Evatt R.","lastName":"Hawkes"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Heinz","lastName":"Pitsch"}],"abstractNote":"Premixed flames in the thin and broken reaction zones regime exhibit strong non-linear turbulence–chemistry interactions and are hence challenging to model. In the present study, a direct numerical simulation (DNS) database for a hydrogen–air flame is used to understand the effect of turbulence–chemistry interactions on the flame speed. To this end, statistics of the local flame front displacement speed are investigated and the roles of flame stretch due to curvature and strain are analyzed. The local flame speed is found to be on average around 30% lower than the laminar burning velocity, which is shown to be a consequence of strain. Strain effects are then modeled by a recently proposed strained flamelet model, which is validated a priori against the DNS in terms of the flame speed and the reaction source term. The strained flamelet model leads to a moderate improvement of the flame speed prediction and is able to reproduce the decrease of the local flame speed. Moreover, it significantly improves the source term closure, which is demonstrated on the basis of the optimal estimator approach and, overall, describes the investigated DNS flame with very good accuracy.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"174","issue":"","pages":"194–207","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.07.008","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"DNS"},{"tag":"Flame speed"},{"tag":"Flamelet modeling"},{"tag":"Premixed combustion"},{"tag":"Turbulent combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z"}}


key: M2FZQ9I3
data:
  {"key":"M2FZQ9I3","version":451,"data":{"key":"M2FZQ9I3","version":451,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental study of dual fuel engine performance using variable LPG composition and engine parameters","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Emad","lastName":"Elnajjar"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohamed Y E","lastName":"Selim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohammad O.","lastName":"Hamdan"}],"abstractNote":"The present work investigates experimentally the effect of LPG fuel with different composition and engine parameters on the performance of a dual compression engine. Five different blends of LPG fuels are used with Propane to Butane volume ratio of 100:0, 70:30, 55:45, 25:75, and 0:100. A single cylinder, naturally aspirated, four strokes, indirectly injected, water cooled modified Ricardo E6 engine, is used in this study. The study is carried out by measuring the cylinder pressure, engine load, engine speed, crank angle, and the fuel's flow rate. The engine performance under variable LPG fuel composition, engine load, pilot fuel injection timing, compression ratio, pilot fuel mass and engine speed, are estimated by comparing the following engine parameters: the cylinder maximum pressure, the indicated mean effective pressure, the maximum rate of pressure rise, and the thermal efficiency. The experimental data indicates that the engine parameters are playing a major role on the engine's performance. Different LPG fuel composition did not show a major effect on the engine efficiency but directly impacted the levels of generated combustion noise. ?? 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"76","issue":"","pages":"32–42","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.enconman.2013.06.050","ISSN":"01968904","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.06.050","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Dual fuel engine"},{"tag":"Engine performance"},{"tag":"LPG composition"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z"}}


key: FVS5V2FD
data:
  {"key":"FVS5V2FD","version":451,"data":{"key":"FVS5V2FD","version":451,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Spray evaporation model sensitivities","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","name":"Shashank"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Edward","lastName":"Knudsen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Heinz","lastName":"Pitsch"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Annual Research Briefs, Centre for Turbulence Research","volume":"","issue":"1998","pages":"213–224","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z"}}


key: MAIPVEIE
data:
  {"key":"MAIPVEIE","version":451,"data":{"key":"MAIPVEIE","version":451,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"An experimental investigation of effect on diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions of addition at dual fuel mode of hydrogen","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H","lastName":"Köse"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M","lastName":"Ciniviz"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"114","issue":"","pages":"26–34","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.03.023","ISSN":"0378-3820","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.03.023","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier B.V.","tags":[{"tag":"Alternative energy resource"},{"tag":"Compression ignition engine"},{"tag":"Exhaust emission"},{"tag":"Hydrogen dual fuel"},{"tag":"alternative energy resource"},{"tag":"compression ignition engine"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:05Z"}}


key: W7TW9UD6
data:
  {"key":"W7TW9UD6","version":451,"data":{"key":"W7TW9UD6","version":451,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Condensation heat transfer coef fi cient with noncondensable gases inside near horizontal tubes","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gianfranco","lastName":"Caruso"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Damiano","lastName":"Vitale"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Di","lastName":"Maio"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Antonio","lastName":"Naviglio"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"DES","volume":"309","issue":"","pages":"247–253","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.desal.2012.10.026","ISSN":"0011-9164","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.10.026","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier B.V.","tags":[{"tag":"Condensation inside tubes"},{"tag":"Heat transfer coefficient"},{"tag":"Horizontal-tube heat exchangers"},{"tag":"Noncondensable gases"},{"tag":"Thermal desalination plants"},{"tag":"condensation inside tubes"},{"tag":"horizontal-tube heat exchangers"},{"tag":"noncondensable gases"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z"}}


key: RLKAPCVZ
data:
  {"key":"RLKAPCVZ","version":450,"data":{"key":"RLKAPCVZ","version":450,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A Reduced Reaction Mechanism for Predicting Knock in Dual-Fuel Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S C","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F A","lastName":"Williams"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Sae Technical Paper Series","volume":"","issue":"724","pages":"","date":"2000","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2000-01-0957","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z"}}


key: 8PMI2ARI
data:
  {"key":"8PMI2ARI","version":450,"data":{"key":"8PMI2ARI","version":450,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A shock tube laser schlieren study of cyclopentane pyrolysis","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"John B.","lastName":"Randazzo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Christopher J.","lastName":"Annesley"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kirsten","lastName":"Bell"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robert S.","lastName":"Tranter"}],"abstractNote":"Abstract The dissociation of cyclopentane has been investigated in a diaphragmless shock tube with laser schlieren densitometry at nominal post-shock pressures, P2, of 35, 70, 150, and 300 Torr and temperatures, T2, of 1472–2074 K. These are the first experimental data reported in the high temperature fall-off regime for cyclopentane. The experimental density gradients were simulated using a chemical-kinetic model with good agreement between simulations and experiments. Rate coefficients for dissociation of cyclopentane were obtained and mechanistic details were elucidated. An {RRKM} model was developed to best fit the experimental results, and the rate coefficients calculated are: k1(35 Torr) = (7.93 ± 3.96) × 1084 T−19.815 exp(−64366/T) s−1, k1(70 Torr) = (4.79 ± 2.39) × 1077 T−17.705 exp(−62316/T) s−1, k1(150 Torr) = (2.42 ± 1.21) × 1069 T−15.295 exp(−59862/T) s−1, k1 (300 Torr) = (4.66 ± 2.33) × 1061 T−13.065 exp(−57493/T) s−1, and k1∞ = (1.69 ± 0.85) × 1016 T−0.005 exp(−42983/T). Results show that cyclopentane dissociation is similar to that of cyclohexane, and involves formation of a biradical intermediate. The high-pressure limit rates for cyclopentane dissociation are also compared with previous results in the literature and show good agreement with a study by Tsang (1978) [21].","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"36","issue":"1","pages":"273–280","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2016.05.038","ISSN":"15407489","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9781627488426","tags":[{"tag":"Cycloalkanes"},{"tag":"Cyclopentane"},{"tag":"Diaphragmless shock tube"},{"tag":"Hydrocarbon pyrolysis"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z"}}


key: R2C547FJ
data:
  {"key":"R2C547FJ","version":450,"data":{"key":"R2C547FJ","version":450,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effects of diesel fuel temperature on fuel flow and spray characteristics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Youngsoo","lastName":"Park"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Joonsik","lastName":"Hwang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Choongsik","lastName":"Bae"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kihyun","lastName":"Kim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jinwoo","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Soonchan","lastName":"Pyo"}],"abstractNote":"The cold start issue has been a problem in diesel engines. Thus, in the present research, the diesel fuel flow and macroscopic spray characteristics over a wide fuel temperature range were investigated to provide valuable insights for solving the cold start problem. An injection system including a common-rail and a fuel supplier was designed to control the fuel temperature from 243 K to 313 K. For the fuel flow characteristics, the results showed that the injection quantity decreased by 50% as the fuel temperature decreased from 313 K to 243 K under the same energizing time. It was also confirmed that the real start of injection timing was retarded as the fuel temperature decreased. The reason is that increased fuel viscosity disturbed the injector needle motion and fuel flow in the nozzle. The spray test was performed under the simulated cold start condition using a constant-volume combustion chamber (CVCC). For the macroscopic spray characteristics, the liquid-phase fuel penetration increased and the spray angle decreased with cold fuel due to attenuated fuel evaporation process and interaction with ambient gas. These results could cause poor air-fuel mixing process under the cold starting.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"162","issue":"","pages":"1–7","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.008","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.008","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Cold start"},{"tag":"Diesel fuel"},{"tag":"Injection quantity and rate"},{"tag":"Spray characteristics"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z"}}


key: SU6LTEZG
data:
  {"key":"SU6LTEZG","version":450,"data":{"key":"SU6LTEZG","version":450,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Laminar flame speeds of moist syngas mixtures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Apurba K","lastName":"Das"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kamal","lastName":"Kumar"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chih-jen","lastName":"Sung"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"158","issue":"2","pages":"345–353","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.09.004","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.09.004","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z"}}


key: G98WHBIR
data:
  {"key":"G98WHBIR","version":450,"data":{"key":"G98WHBIR","version":450,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Macroscopic spray characteristics of kerosene and diesel based on two different piezoelectric and solenoid injectors","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wenbin","lastName":"Yu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wenming","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kunlin","lastName":"Tay"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Balaji","lastName":"Mohan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Feiyang","lastName":"Zhao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yunpeng","lastName":"Zhang"}],"abstractNote":"In this study, the behaviours like injection momentum and spray characteristics for piezoelectric and solenoid injectors were compared. With piezoelectric injector, the macroscopic spray characteristics of kerosene and diesel were investigated. The characteristic like spray penetration, spray velocity, spray angle and air entrainment were used to understand the fuel spray behaviours. The result shows that the piezoelectric injector has the advantage of faster injection response and needle opening than the conventional solenoid injector, which will enable precise and rapid injection control and must be beneficial to air-fuel mixing before ignition in a real engine. Due to the lower value of viscosity in kerosene, the injection durations for kerosene are longer than diesel. Also longer injection intervals will be needed for kerosene to realize multiple injections. Kerosene has shorter spray penetration and lower spray velocity compared with diesel, while the spray angle of kerosene is larger than diesel. Entrained air mass is a typical trade-off result of comprehensive influence of spray penetration, spray angle and charge density. Kerosene sprays get more entrained air than diesel, which means the usage of kerosene has advantage in fuel-air mixing.","publicationTitle":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"76","issue":"","pages":"12–23","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2016.03.008","ISSN":"08941777","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2016.03.008","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0894-1777\nPublisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Constant volume spray chamber"},{"tag":"Diesel"},{"tag":"Kerosene"},{"tag":"Piezoelectric injector"},{"tag":"Spray characteristics"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z"}}


key: I9YWIL6S
data:
  {"key":"I9YWIL6S","version":450,"data":{"key":"I9YWIL6S","version":450,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Application of an unsteady flamelet model in a RANS framework for spray A simulation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J. M.","lastName":"Desantes"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J. M.","lastName":"Garcï¿½a-Oliver"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R.","lastName":"Novella"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"E. J.","lastName":"Pï¿½rez-Sï¿½nchez"}],"abstractNote":"In the present investigation the Spray A reference configuration defined in the framework of the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) has been modeled by means of an Unsteady Flamelet Model (USFM) including detailed parametric studies to evaluate the impact of ambient temperature, oxygen concentration and density. The study focuses on the analysis of the spray ignition delay, the flame lift-off length and the internal structure of the spray and flame according to the experimental information nowadays available for validating the results provided by the model. Promising results are obtained for the nominal case and also for the parametric variations (temperature, oxygen\\ldots) in terms of liquid and vapor penetration, ignition delay (ID) and lift-off length (LOL). The model permits to predict the ID and the LOL which constitute two parameters of key importance for describing the characteristics of transient reacting sprays. Valuable insight on the details of the combustion process is obtained from the analysis of formaldehyde (CH2O), acetylene (C2H2) and hydroxide (OH) species in spatial coordinates and also in the so-called ϕ-T maps. Important differences arise in the inner structure of the flame in the quasi-steady regime, which is closely linked to soot formation, when varying the ambient boundary conditions. Additionally, the auto-ignition process is investigated in order to describe in detail the spatial onset and propagation of combustion. Results confirm the impact of the ambient conditions on the regions of the spray where start of combustion takes place, so the relation between the local scalar dissipation rate and mixture fraction variance is also discussed. This investigation provides an insight of the potential of the USFM combustion model to describe the physical and chemical processes involved in transient spray combustion.","publicationTitle":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"117","issue":"","pages":"50–64","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.01.101","ISSN":"13594311","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.01.101","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Auto-ignition"},{"tag":"Combustion modeling"},{"tag":"Engine Combustion Network"},{"tag":"Spray A"},{"tag":"Unsteady flamelet model"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z"}}


key: 5UQADXYE
data:
  {"key":"5UQADXYE","version":450,"data":{"key":"5UQADXYE","version":450,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental investigation into the effects of two-stage injection on fuel injection quantity, combustion and emissions in a high-speed optical common rail diesel engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohammad Reza","lastName":"Herfatmanesh"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Pin","lastName":"Lu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohammadreza Anbari","lastName":"Attar"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hua","lastName":"Zhao"}],"abstractNote":"Diesel combustion and the formation of pollutants are directly influenced by the spatial and temporal distributions of the fuel within the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The requirements for more efficient and responsive diesel engines have led to the introduction and implementation of multiple injection strategies. However, the effects of such injection modes on the hydraulic systems, such as the high pressure pipes and fuel injectors, must be thoroughly examined and compensated for. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fuel injection equipment characterisation and optimisation on diesel combustion and emissions with two-stage fuel injection. The fuel injection system was characterised and optimised through the measurement of the fuel injection rate and quantity, in particular, the interaction between the two injection events was quantified and compensated for. The effects of twin and variable split two-stage injection and dwell angle on diesel combustion and emissions were investigated in a high-speed direct injection single-cylinder optical diesel engine using heat release analysis and high-speed fuel spray and combustion visualisation technique. The results indicated that two-stage injection has the potential for simultaneous reduction of NOx and soot emissions. Nevertheless, the studied two-stage strategies resulted in higher soot emission, mainly due to the interaction between two consecutive fuel injection events, whereby the fuel sprays during the second injection were injected into burning regions, generating fuel-rich combustion. In addition, the variable two-stage strategies produced high levels of uHC emission in comparison to single and twin split injection cases. This was mainly attributed to firstly greater fuel quantity injected during the second injection and secondly poor mixing and air utilisation during the second fuel injection event. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"109","issue":"","pages":"137–147","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2013.01.013","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.01.013","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 1468087412458\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel engine"},{"tag":"Dwell angle"},{"tag":"Emissions"},{"tag":"Injection rate"},{"tag":"Two-stage injection"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z"}}


key: VBMVH6QF
data:
  {"key":"VBMVH6QF","version":450,"data":{"key":"VBMVH6QF","version":450,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Spark Ignited Direct Injection Natural Gas Combustion in a Heavy Duty Single Cylinder Test Engine - Start of Injection and Spark Timing Effects","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Philip","lastName":"Zoldak"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jeffrey","lastName":"Naber"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2015-01-2813.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z"}}


key: Q5N99HNK
data:
  {"key":"Q5N99HNK","version":450,"data":{"key":"Q5N99HNK","version":450,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Simulations And Measurements Of Fuel Film Using Refractive Index Matching Method","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fengkun","lastName":"Wang"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z"}}


key: JRXNBCMC
data:
  {"key":"JRXNBCMC","version":450,"data":{"key":"JRXNBCMC","version":450,"itemType":"book","title":"Analysis of Kinetic Reaction Mechanisms","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tamás","lastName":"Turányi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alison S.","lastName":"Tomlin"}],"abstractNote":"Chemical processes in many fields of science and technology, including combustion, atmospheric chemistry, environmental modelling, process engineering, and systems biology, can be described by detailed reaction mechanisms consisting of numerous reaction steps. This book describes methods for the analysis of reaction mechanisms that are applicable in all these fields. Topics addressed include: how sensitivity and uncertainty analyses allow the calculation of the overall uncertainty of simulation results and the identification of the most important input parameters, the ways in which mechanisms can be reduced without losing important kinetic and dynamic detail, and the application of reduced models for more accurate engineering optimizations. This monograph is invaluable for researchers and engineers dealing with detailed reaction mechanisms, but is also useful for graduate students of related courses in chemistry, mechanical engineering, energy and environmental science and biology.","series":"","seriesNumber":"","volume":"","numberOfVolumes":"","edition":"","place":"","publisher":"","date":"2015","numPages":"355","language":"","ISBN":"3-662-44562-X","shortTitle":"","url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=11sEBgAAQBAJ{\\&}pgis=1","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-44562-4","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:04Z"}}


key: CVPZ4QXL
data:
  {"key":"CVPZ4QXL","version":449,"data":{"key":"CVPZ4QXL","version":449,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Extension of the Eddy Dissipation Concept for turbulence/chemistry interactions to MILD combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alessandro","lastName":"Parente"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohammad Rafi","lastName":"Malik"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Francesco","lastName":"Contino"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alberto","lastName":"Cuoci"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bassam B.","lastName":"Dally"}],"abstractNote":"Over the past 30 years, the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) has been widely applied in the industry for the numerical simulations of turbulent combustion problems. The success of the EDC is mainly due to its ability to incorporate detailed chemical mechanisms at an affordable computational cost compared to some other models. Detailed kinetic schemes are necessary in order to capture turbulent flames where there is strong coupling between the turbulence and chemical kinetics. Such flames are found in Moderate and Intense Low-oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion, where chemical time scales are increased compared with conventional combustion, mainly because of slower reactions (due to the dilution of reactants). Recent modelling studies have highlighted limitations of the standard EDC model when applied to the simulation of MILD systems, noticeably a significant overestimation of temperature levels. Modifications of the model coefficients were proposed to account for the specific features of MILD combustion, i.e. an extension of the reaction region and the reduction of maximum temperatures. The purpose of the present paper is to provide functional expressions showing the dependency of the EDC coefficients on dimensionless flow parameters such as the Reynolds and Damköhler numbers, taking into account the specific features of the MILD combustion regime, where the presence of hot diluent and its influence on the flow and mixing fields impacts on the reaction rate and thermal field. The approach is validated using detailed experimental data from flames stabilized on the Adelaide Jet in Hot Co-flow (JHC) burner at different co-flow compositions (3%, 6% and 9% O2 mass fraction) and fuel-jet Reynolds numbers (5000, 10,000 and 20,000). Results show promising improvement with respect to the standard EDC formulation, especially at diluted conditions and medium to low Reynolds numbers.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"163","issue":"","pages":"98–111","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.020","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.020","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Eddy Dissipation Concept"},{"tag":"Energy cascade model"},{"tag":"Flameless combustion"},{"tag":"MILD combustion"},{"tag":"Turbulence/chemistry interactions"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z"}}


key: UXWVRP5E
data:
  {"key":"UXWVRP5E","version":449,"data":{"key":"UXWVRP5E","version":449,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Advanced Knock Detection for Diesel/Natural Gas Engine Operation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Martin","lastName":"Kirsten"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gerhard","lastName":"Pirker"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Christoph","lastName":"Redtenbacher"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Andreas","lastName":"Wimmer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Franz","lastName":"Chmela"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE International Journal of Engines","volume":"9","issue":"3","pages":"2016–01–0785","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0785","ISSN":"1946-3944","shortTitle":"","url":"http://papers.sae.org/2016-01-0785/","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z"}}


key: F6DF5VR7
data:
  {"key":"F6DF5VR7","version":449,"data":{"key":"F6DF5VR7","version":449,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Evaporation characteristics of multi-component fuel","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K.-J.","lastName":"Myong"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H","lastName":"Suzuki"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J","lastName":"Senda"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H","lastName":"Fujimoto"}],"abstractNote":"The maximum liquid phase penetration and evaporation behavior was$\\backslash$ninvestigated by using simultaneous measurement for mie-scattered$\\backslash$nlight images and shadowgraph ones. The objective of this study was$\\backslash$nto analyze effect of variant parameters and fuel properties on evaporation$\\backslash$nbehavior, and to investigate liquid phase penetration for the single-$\\backslash$nand multi-component fuels. The experiments were conducted in a constant-volume$\\backslash$nvessel with optical access. Fuel was injected into the vessel with$\\backslash$nelectronically controlled common rail injector. It was observed that:$\\backslash$nliquid phase length is influenced by fuel properties. High-boiling$\\backslash$npoint fuel within the multi-component fuel controls liquid phase$\\backslash$nlength. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"85","issue":"","pages":"2632–2639—-","date":"2006","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2006.04.020","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Liquid phase penetration Evaporation behavior Mult"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z"}}


key: D57GQJ77
data:
  {"key":"D57GQJ77","version":449,"data":{"key":"D57GQJ77","version":449,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The characteristic of spray using diesel water emulsified fuel in a diesel engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sangki","lastName":"Park"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Seungchul","lastName":"Woo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hyungik","lastName":"Kim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kihyung","lastName":"Lee"}],"abstractNote":"In this study, it was applied to the diesel-water emulsified (DE) fuel that carried out the experiment for the characteristic of sprat using diesel water emulsified fuel in a diesel engine, and the possibility of its application to conventional diesel engines was evaluated from the fundamental characteristics of diesel-water emulsified fuel. According to the results of the spray characteristics such as spray penetration and spray distribution were measured in the experiment, and then analyzed through digital image processing. The DEs were applied to actual diesel engines and their combustion, emission, and fuel consumption characteristics were compared with those of diesel. The results showed that the experiments were confirmed as the spray atomization characteristics at the various emulsified fuels.","publicationTitle":"Applied Energy","volume":"176","issue":"","pages":"209–220","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.069","ISSN":"03062619","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.069","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel engine"},{"tag":"Diesel-water emulsified fuel"},{"tag":"Micro-explosion"},{"tag":"NOx"},{"tag":"PM"},{"tag":"Spray atomization"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z"}}


key: C4TLQ8U4
data:
  {"key":"C4TLQ8U4","version":449,"data":{"key":"C4TLQ8U4","version":449,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Microscopic and macroscopic characterization of spray impingement under flash boiling conditions with the application of split injection strategy","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ziman","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yanfei","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hengjie","lastName":"Guo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chongming","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hongming","lastName":"Xu"}],"abstractNote":"Microscopic and macroscopic impingement characteristics of a single jet were investigated under various flash boiling conditions. The influences of split injection strategy and the related interaction between split injections were studied. The fuel concentration distribution during the impingement process was also quantified. It was found that non-flash boiling condition lead to large secondary droplets and ligaments, resulting in a large amount of liquid fuel deposited on the impact surface. The boosted flash boiling could effectively reduce the sizes of primary droplets and secondary droplets and the resultant deposited fuel. The employment of split injection strategy could further decrease the deposited fuel. The second split injection built up the fuel film more quickly than the first injection due to the existence of the built fuel film by the first injection, however, increasing flash boiling strength decreased the building-up rate by improving dispersion and evaporation. In addition, the concentration of the deposited fuel on the surface could effectively be reduced by enhanced flash boiling and the lifetime of dense fuel was shortened by increasing dwell interval between split injections.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"212","issue":"October 2017","pages":"315–325","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2017.10.028","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.10.028","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[{"tag":"Flash boiling"},{"tag":"Impingement"},{"tag":"Split injection"},{"tag":"Spray"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z"}}


key: I4LZVF6J
data:
  {"key":"I4LZVF6J","version":449,"data":{"key":"I4LZVF6J","version":449,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effect of split injections coupled with swirl on combustion performance in DI diesel engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiang Rong","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hai Qin","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Lu Ming","lastName":"Zhao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Liwang","lastName":"Su"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"He","lastName":"Xu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fu Shui","lastName":"Liu"}],"abstractNote":"Engine-out emissions (NOx and soot) have led to serious air pollution problems, and consequently, increasingly stringent emission norms. In order to decrease the emissions and improve the combustion performance of diesel engines, the effect of split injections with swirl (swirl rate of 0 and 1) was experimentally researched, and the mechanism of the fuel/air mixture of split injections with swirl (swirl rate of 0.5–2.5) was numerically researched in this study. The experimental research was carried out on a modified 1132Z single cylinder diesel engine, equipped with an endoscope system. A two-color method was applied to record flame temperature distribution and KL factor. The experimental results indicate that the flame observed using split injections with swirl rotated obviously. Split injections with swirl had a positive influence on improving the fuel/air mixture, accelerating combustion progress and shortening combustion duration. The combustion duration decreased at swirl rate of 1, with a reduction in the range of 19.5–25.7% at various pilot quantities. In addition, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and soot emission were reduced. BSFC was lower at swirl rate of 1 than that at swirl rate of 0, with a reduction in the range of 1.1–2.01 g/(kW h)−1. For KL factor at 12°CA ATDC, it was also observed that at 12°CA ATDC, the KL factor was lower at swirl rate of 1 than that at swirl rate of 0, with a reduction of 34.9%. Related numerical research on split injections with swirl was performed, and the results show that at a specific swirl, the main injection deviated from the pilot injection and entered the area between two sprays, enhancing the utilization of air in the chamber. In addition, the main combustion process accelerated due to the better thermal-atmosphere provided by the pilot injection, so that a better engine performance and lower soot concentration was achieved.","publicationTitle":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"129","issue":"","pages":"180–188","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.enconman.2016.09.011","ISSN":"01968904","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel engine"},{"tag":"Flame temperature"},{"tag":"KL factor"},{"tag":"Split injection"},{"tag":"Swirl rate"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z"}}


key: E4U2BHR3
data:
  {"key":"E4U2BHR3","version":449,"data":{"key":"E4U2BHR3","version":449,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Observations of Double Reaction Zones in Inverse Gas Jet Diffusion Flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Z","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Peter B.","lastName":"Sunderland"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R L","lastName":"Axelbaum"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"2013","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"partially premixed flame"},{"tag":"thin-filament pyrometry"},{"tag":"triple flames"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z"}}


key: R8Y9PEEP
data:
  {"key":"R8Y9PEEP","version":449,"data":{"key":"R8Y9PEEP","version":449,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"In situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) for combustion chemistry in a network of perfectly stirred reactors (PSRs) for the investigation of soot formation and growth","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sudip","lastName":"Adhikari"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alan","lastName":"Sayre"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Abhilash J.","lastName":"Chandy"}],"abstractNote":"This paper presents an efficient computational implementation of the in situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) approach (Pope, 1997) for combustion chemistry in a network of perfectly stirred reactors (PSRs) for the investigation of soot formation and growth. This study, for the first time, extends the thermochemical composition vector to contain the soot moments, using the method of moments with interpolative closure (MOMIC) as a soot model with six concentration moments. A series of PSR calculations is carried out using the direct integration (DI) and ISAT approaches. Assessment of the accuracy of ISAT approach is conducted through direct comparisons with DI calculations. Moreover, complimentary cumulative distribution function (CCDF), sensitivity of ISAT calculations with respect to the absolute error tolerance values and speedup are analyzed for two different test cases of ethylene–air using two different chemical kinetic mechanisms. A maximum speedup of 50 × was achieved for an error tolerance of 10−4.","publicationTitle":"Computers and Chemical Engineering","volume":"113","issue":"","pages":"196–208","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.compchemeng.2018.03.007","ISSN":"00981354","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2016.11.023","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Complimentary cumulative distribution function"},{"tag":"Direct integration"},{"tag":"ISAT"},{"tag":"Perfectly stirred reactor"},{"tag":"Reaction mapping gradient"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z"}}


key: 83AVJYDA
data:
  {"key":"83AVJYDA","version":449,"data":{"key":"83AVJYDA","version":449,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Study of air inlet preheating and EGR impacts for improving the operation of compression ignition engine running under dual fuel mode","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R. G.","lastName":"Papagiannakis"}],"abstractNote":"One of the methods to achieve curtailment of diesel engine emissions is the conversion of conventional diesel engines to using natural gas as a supplement to normal diesel fuel. In this type of engines most of the engine power output is provided by the gaseous fuel, while a pilot amount of diesel fuel is used as ignition source of the gaseous fuel-air mixture. However dual fuel operating mode, in comparison to conventional diesel one, suffers from low brake thermal efficiency and high carbon monoxide emissions. By applying a two-zone phenomenological model, the present work studies the effect of air inlet preheating and exhaust gas recirculation on the performance and exhaust emissions of a pilot ignited dual fuel diesel engine. The main objectives are to record and comparatively evaluate the relative impact that each one of the above mentioned parameters has on the engine performance characteristics and emitted pollutants. Moreover, it deals with the determination of an optimum combination between the examined parameters, so that probable undesirable effects on engine performance characteristics are avoided. By comparing the investigation results, it is revealed that the simultaneous increase of both parameters examined could be a promising solution to improving engine efficiency (increase up to 5%) and reducing CO emissions (decrease up to 10%) from a pilot ignited dual fuel diesel engine, without imparting any serious problem to engine operational lifetime. The conclusions from the study may be proved valuable for the application of this technological solution to existing diesel engines. ?? 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","publicationTitle":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"68","issue":"","pages":"40–53","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.enconman.2012.12.019","ISSN":"01968904","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.12.019","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0196-8904","tags":[{"tag":"Air inlet preheating"},{"tag":"Dual fuel natural gas engine"},{"tag":"EGR"},{"tag":"Performance and emissions"},{"tag":"Pilot ignited"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z"}}


key: QBZSB3H3
data:
  {"key":"QBZSB3H3","version":449,"data":{"key":"QBZSB3H3","version":449,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical Study and Parameter Optimization on a Diesel - Natural Gas Dual Fuel Engine Chemical Effects of NG on Diesel Ignition","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mianzhi","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Menghan","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chia-fon","lastName":"Lee"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper Series","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0769.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:03Z"}}


key: BB65SDBP
data:
  {"key":"BB65SDBP","version":448,"data":{"key":"BB65SDBP","version":448,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A Predictive Model for Knock in Dual Fuel Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ghazi A","lastName":"Karim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhigang","lastName":"Liu"}],"abstractNote":"A model is described for the prediction of the onset of autoignition and knock in compression ignition engines of the dual fuel type. The associated variations with time of performance parameters such as the energy release rate, cylinder pressure and charge temperature, power output and species concentrations can also be obtained. This is achieved through modelling in detail the chemical reaction rates of the gaseous fuel during compression and subsequently during diesel fuel pilot ignition and combustion. A comprehensive reaction scheme involving 105 reaction steps with 31 chemical species is employed for the purpose. The results are based mainly on methane or propane as the gaseous fuel while acounting for the contribution of pilot diesel fuel injection. Calculated data showed good general agreement with the corresponding experimental values.","publicationTitle":"SAE International","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"1992","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/921550","ISSN":"0148-7191","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:02Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:02Z"}}


key: 26I48XU3
data:
  {"key":"26I48XU3","version":448,"data":{"key":"26I48XU3","version":448,"itemType":"thesis","title":"A Saturated-Interface-Volume Phase Change Model for Simulating Flow Boiling","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Z","lastName":"Pan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Justin","lastName":"Weibel"}],"abstractNote":"","thesisType":"PhD Thesis","university":"","place":"","date":"2016","numPages":"","language":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:02Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:02Z"}}


key: I2UWWUHP
data:
  {"key":"I2UWWUHP","version":448,"data":{"key":"I2UWWUHP","version":448,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A numerical investigation on combustion and emission characteristics of a dual fuel engine at part load condition","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Seyed Mohammad","lastName":"Mousavi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rahim Khoshbakhti","lastName":"Saray"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kamran","lastName":"Poorghasemi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Amin","lastName":"Maghbouli"}],"abstractNote":"Dual fuel engines are more attractive due to lower emission levels in comparison with conventional diesel engines particularly at full loads. But it is required to study dual fuel combustion process with more details at part loads due to the poor performance and high CO and UHC emissions at these conditions. In the present study, numerical modeling of OM-355 dual fuel (injection of diesel pilot fuel to premixed mixture of air and methane) engine has been performed by using KIVA-3V code at part and full loads. Sub-models of the code were modified to simulate the fuel spray atomization, combustion and pollutants emissions processes, accurately. Results indicate that in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate and exhaust emissions predictions are in good agreement with experiments at all loads. Results show that a lean premixed natural gas mixture is ignited slowly. The slow progress of combustion process at part load, leads the heat release to be drawn more toward the expansion stroke which causes incomplete combustion, and consequently high amounts of UHC and CO will be emitted. It is found that at part loads, areas that are influenced by diesel diffusion flames are ignited and premixed natural gas flame could not be propagated properly. Hence development of diesel diffusion flame is required to burn lean natural gas mixture. But at full load, in addition to the diesel diffusion flames, premixed natural gas flame could be propagated suitably. Also, at part load because of low gas temperature in the environment of diesel spray and low diesel fuel temperature, diesel liquid droplets evaporate lately which are far from injector nozzles. Hence, it causes diesel diffusion flame from spray of each injector nozzles to be developed distinctly. It can be deduced that the flame structure is affected by operating conditions. Finally the effect of increasing the diesel fuel quantity on improving methane combustion is studied. The studied strategy could help to improving natural gas combustion due to enlarge the size of diesel combustion region.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"166","issue":"x","pages":"309–319","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.10.052","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.10.052","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Combustion"},{"tag":"Dual fuel engine"},{"tag":"Emission"},{"tag":"Full load"},{"tag":"KIVA-3V code"},{"tag":"Part load"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:02Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:02Z"}}


key: Q47ZGY8G
data:
  {"key":"Q47ZGY8G","version":448,"data":{"key":"Q47ZGY8G","version":448,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Molecular dynamics simulation of a thin water layer evaporation and evaporation coefficient","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"T H","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chin","lastName":"Pan"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"48","issue":"","pages":"3516–3526","date":"2005","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.03.015","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:02Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:02Z"}}


key: TZJMG473
data:
  {"key":"TZJMG473","version":448,"data":{"key":"TZJMG473","version":448,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Large-eddy simulation on the influence of injection pressure in reacting Spray A","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Heikki","lastName":"Kahila"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Armin","lastName":"Wehrfritz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ossi","lastName":"Kaario"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mahdi","lastName":"Ghaderi Masouleh"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Noud","lastName":"Maes"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bart","lastName":"Somers"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ville","lastName":"Vuorinen"}],"abstractNote":"The Engine Combustion Network (ECN) Spray A target case corresponds to high-pressure liquid fuel injection in conditions relevant to diesel engines. Following the procedure by Wehrfritz et al. (2016), we utilize large-eddy simulation (LES) and flamelet generated manifold (FGM) methods to carry out an injection pressure sensitivity study for Spray A at 50, 100 and 150 MPa. Comparison with experiments is shown for both non-reacting and reacting conditions. Validation results in non-reacting conditions indicate relatively good agreement between the present LES and experimental data, with some deviation in mixture fraction radial profiles. In reacting conditions, the simulated flame lift-off length (FLOL) increases with injection pressure, deviating from the experiments by 4–14%. Respectively, the ignition delay time (IDT) decreases with increasing injection pressure and it is underpredicted in the simulations by 10–20%. Analysis of the underlying chemistry manifold implies that the observed discrepancies can be explained by the differences between experimental and computational mixing processes.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"191","issue":"","pages":"142–159","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.01.004","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Combustion"},{"tag":"FGM"},{"tag":"Ignition"},{"tag":"Ignition kernels"},{"tag":"LES"},{"tag":"Spray A"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:41:02Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:41:02Z"}}


