# syncCache

key: HMJER6KE
data:
  {"key":"HMJER6KE","version":411,"data":{"key":"HMJER6KE","version":411,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Natural Gas for High Load Dual-Fuel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition in Heavy-Duty Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N.","lastName":"Ryan Walker"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Martin L.","lastName":"Wissink"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Dan a.","lastName":"DelVescovo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D.","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology","volume":"137","issue":"April 2015","pages":"1–7","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1115/1.4030110","ISSN":"0195-0738","shortTitle":"","url":"http://energyresources.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?doi=10.1115/1.4030110","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:28Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:28Z"}}


key: 7B3EGHS7
data:
  {"key":"7B3EGHS7","version":411,"data":{"key":"7B3EGHS7","version":411,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Development of an optimized chemical kinetic mechanism for homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion of a fuel blend of \\textlessi\\textgreatern\\textless/i\\textgreater-heptane and natural gas using a genetic algorithm","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A","lastName":"Rahimi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"E","lastName":"Fatehifar"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R Khoshbakhti","lastName":"Saray"}],"abstractNote":"Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a promising technique for advanced low-temperature combustion strategies that offers a high fuel conversion efficiency and low nitrogen oxide and soot emissions. One of the major problems associated with HCCI combustion engine application is the lack of direct control for combustion timing. A proposed solution for combustion timing control is to use a binary fuel blend in which two fuels with different autoignition characteristics are blended at various ratios on a cycle-by-cycle basis. Because dual-fuel diesel-natural-gas engines have already been used, a fuel blend of n-heptane (diesel-like fuel) and natural gas (mostly methane) is one of the best available options. The objective of this study is to optimize the chemical kinetic mechanisms available for n-heptane and natural gas to be used in a binary-fuel blend scenario. Using the genetic algorithm method, a combined mechanism was optimized and modelling results were verified against experimental results. The agreement between experimental and modelling results was found to be acceptable within the examined conditions. As a result, an optimized chemical kinetic mechanism for an n-heptane-natural-gas blend is presented.","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering","volume":"224","issue":"","pages":"1141–1159","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1243/09544070JAUTO1343","ISSN":"0954-4070","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0954-4070","tags":[{"tag":"chanism"},{"tag":"chemical kinetic me-"},{"tag":"combustion"},{"tag":"genetic algorithm"},{"tag":"homogeneous charge compression ignition"},{"tag":"multi-zone combustion model"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:28Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:28Z"}}


key: T8MNGYTS
data:
  {"key":"T8MNGYTS","version":411,"data":{"key":"T8MNGYTS","version":411,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Development of a Neuro Genetic Algorithm Based Virtual Sensing Platform for the Simultaneous Prediction of NOx, Opacity and BSFC in a Diesel Engine Operated in Dual Fuel Mode with Hydrogen under Varying EGR Conditions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rahul","lastName":"Banerjee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Probir","lastName":"Bose"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE International Journal of Engines","volume":"5","issue":"2","pages":"119–140","date":"2012","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2011-01-2472","ISSN":"1946-3944","shortTitle":"","url":"http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2011-01-2472","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:28Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:28Z"}}


key: LKUKXKDF
data:
  {"key":"LKUKXKDF","version":411,"data":{"key":"LKUKXKDF","version":411,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Development and Validation of a Reduced Chemical Kinetic Mechanism for Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Natural Gas / Diesel Dual-Fuel Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Andrew","lastName":"Hockett"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Greg","lastName":"Hampson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Anthony J","lastName":"Marchese"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02655","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:28Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:28Z"}}


key: KYVADA5J
data:
  {"key":"KYVADA5J","version":411,"data":{"key":"KYVADA5J","version":411,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Theoretical analysis on the effect of liquid droplet geometry on contact angle","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S.","lastName":"Vafaei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M. Z.","lastName":"Podowski"}],"abstractNote":"This paper is concerned with the development of a first-principle theoretical method to explain the dependence of contact angle on the size of liquid droplets on smooth solid substrates. It has been shown that the contact angle for axisymmetric droplets is size-dependent and, consequently, cannot satisfy the original Young equation. However, this contact angle can be theoretically deduced for any droplet material and mass as a function of the asymptotic contact angle (the limiting value of the contact angle as droplet size decreases). The proposed approach is based on the fact that the two major forces acting on a droplet, that is, the surface force and the gravity force, are independent of each other. It has been demonstrated that for sessile droplets on smooth surfaces, the contact angle can be uniquely determined for given droplet mass (or volume) and liquid/solid/gas properties. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Nuclear Engineering and Design","volume":"235","issue":"10-12","pages":"1293–1301","date":"2005","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.nucengdes.2005.02.026","ISSN":"00295493","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:28Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:28Z"}}


key: J7YKHPZA
data:
  {"key":"J7YKHPZA","version":411,"data":{"key":"J7YKHPZA","version":411,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Microscopic behavior of spray droplets under flat-wall impinging condition","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hongliang","lastName":"Luo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Keiya","lastName":"Nishida"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shintaro","lastName":"Uchitomi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Youichi","lastName":"Ogata"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wu","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tatsuya","lastName":"Fujikawa"}],"abstractNote":"The impingement of fuel spray on the wall in direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engines affects the fuel-air mixture formation, combustion and exhaust emissions. A detailed understanding of the fuel spray and impingement is required to reduce the undesirable products of combustion whilst maintaining good fuel economy. In this study, the droplet size was measured by particle image analysis (PIA). The microscopic characteristics of impinging spray were obtained using ultra-high-speed imaging. By changing the injection and ambient pressures, the influences of breakup and coalescence on the droplet behavior were investigated. Before impingement, the region near the center of the spray has larger droplets size and lower droplet number density than the edge, which suggests that spray breakup and atomization is poor in the center region. After impingement, the droplet size decreases along the distance from the wall under low ambient pressure. However, large droplets appear in the region far from the wall under high ambient pressure, indicating the existence of a coalescence effect on the droplets.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"219","issue":"November 2017","pages":"467–476","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2018.01.059","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.01.059","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[{"tag":"Droplet size distribution"},{"tag":"Fuel spray"},{"tag":"Gasoline engine"},{"tag":"Microscopic characteristics"},{"tag":"Wall impingement"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z"}}


key: 2BKYYQPZ
data:
  {"key":"2BKYYQPZ","version":411,"data":{"key":"2BKYYQPZ","version":411,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Automatic reaction mechanism generation with group additive kinetics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R.H.","lastName":"West"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J.W.","lastName":"Allen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"W.H.","lastName":"Green"}],"abstractNote":"The key challenge in making chemical mechanism development predictive is being able to accurately estimate any possible rate coefficient k(T) even if there are no experimental data. Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG) is an open-source software project that can build detailed kinetic models for chemical reacting systems (http://rmg.sourceforge.net). It uses a database of rules to propose elementary chemical reactions and to estimate the necessary thermochemical and kinetic parameters. We are modifying the algorithm used to estimate kinetic data to make the estimated reaction rates more reliable and easier to document in cases where they are estimated from sparse data. We present a brief overview of RMG, a discussion of the kinetics estimation options, an explanation of the chosen algorithm, and an assessment of its performance.","publicationTitle":"AIChE Annual Meeting, Conference Proceedings","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9780816910700","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z"}}


key: CAGIJNV4
data:
  {"key":"CAGIJNV4","version":399,"data":{"key":"CAGIJNV4","version":399,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"Simulation of Dual-Fuel-CI and Single-Fuel-SI Engine Combustion Fueled with CNG","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Apoorv P","lastName":"Talekar"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ming Chia","lastName":"Lai"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ke","lastName":"Zeng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Yang"}],"abstractNote":"With increasing interest to reduce the dependency on gasoline and diesel, alternative energy source like compressed natural gas (CNG) is a viable option for internal combustion engines. Spark-ignited (SI) CNG engine is the simplest way to utilize CNG in engines, but direct injection (DI) Diesel-CNG dual-fuel engine is known to offer improvement in combustion efficiency and reduction in exhaust gases. Dual-fuel engine has characteristics similar to both SI engine and diesel engine which makes the combustion process more complex. This paper reports the computational fluid dynamics simulation of both DI dual-fuel compression ignition (CI) and SI CNG engines. In diesel-CNG dual-fuel engine simulations and comparison to experiments, attention was on ignition delay, transition from auto-ignition to flame propagation and heat released from the combustion of diesel and gaseous fuel, as well as relevant pollutants emissions. Injection timing for diesel pilot was changed in a test matrix and the most efficient and least pollutant producing cases were selected and simulation results were correlated to the experimental data for those cases. The possible end-gas auto-ignition-like processes under certain test conditions like PREmixed Mixture Ignition in the End-gas Region (PREMIER) were also demonstrated. SI CNG lean burn engine tests and simulations were directed to check the ignitability, combustion stability, heat release rate for different spark energy values. The results show that a combined approach of using both chemical kinetics and G-equation formulations in RANS is capable of capturing most of the physical-chemical processes in both the dual-fuel CI and SI engine combustions","date":"2016","proceedingsTitle":"SAE world congress","conferenceName":"","place":"Detroit","publisher":"","volume":"","pages":"","series":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0789","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z"}}


key: 6UAEGC34
data:
  {"key":"6UAEGC34","version":399,"data":{"key":"6UAEGC34","version":399,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Ignition delay characteristics of methane fuels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L.J.","lastName":"Spadaccini"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M.B.","lastName":"Colket"}],"abstractNote":"A comprehensive literature search and a series of shock-tube experiments were undertaken to determine the ignition delay times for mixtures of methane with ethane, propane or butane, and for a typical natural gas fuel. Ignition delay experiments were conducted at equivalence ratios of 0.45–1.25 for temperatures 1300–2000 K and pressures 3–15 atm. The combined data were used to develop general correlations for predicting the ignition delays of binary methane-hydrocarbon mixtures and multicomponent natural gas mixtures in terms of temperature and the initial fuel and oxygen concentrations. For natural gas, the ignition delay was correlated by the empirical expression t = 1.77 × 10−14 exp (18693/T)[O2]−1.05[CH4]0.66[HC]−0.39 in which concentrations are expressed in molecules per cubic cm and the [HC] factor represents the total molar concentration of all non-methane hydrocarbons. Chemical kinetic modeling was also performed to define the ignition mechanisms, and to permit extrapolation of data and prediction of the effects of using vitiated air for combustor testing.","publicationTitle":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"20","issue":"5","pages":"431–460","date":"1994-01","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/0360-1285(94)90011-6","ISSN":"0360-1285","shortTitle":"","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0360128594900116?via{\\%}3Dihub","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Pergamon","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z"}}


key: H8CLJKJT
data:
  {"key":"H8CLJKJT","version":399,"data":{"key":"H8CLJKJT","version":399,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"N-heptane micro pilot assisted methane combustion in a Rapid Compression Expansion Machine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stéphanie","lastName":"Schlatter"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bruno","lastName":"Schneider"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yuri M","lastName":"Wright"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Konstantinos","lastName":"Boulouchos"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"179","issue":"x","pages":"339–352","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.03.006","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"dual fuel combustion"},{"tag":"rapid compression expansion machine"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z"}}


key: SBSF4KN9
data:
  {"key":"SBSF4KN9","version":399,"data":{"key":"SBSF4KN9","version":399,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"A NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE LAMINAR FLAME SPEED OF STRATIFIED METHANE / AIR FLAMES","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A Pires D A","lastName":"Cruz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A M","lastName":"Dean"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J M","lastName":"Grenda"}],"abstractNote":"Freely propagating laminar methane/air flames were modeled for spatially stratified equivalence ratio conditions at atmospheric pressure. The GRI 2.11 mechanism was used with a modified version of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory HCT code to describe the reaction kinetics. Results showed that the laminar flame speed was strongly affected by the equivalence ratio gradient and by the burned gas composition and temperature. Production of molecular hydrogen from the original fuel and its transport to the reaction zone as well as heat transfer from the burned to the fresh gases are key factors in under- standing the influence of stratification on laminar flame speed. Combinations of different mixture strati- fication conditions can either enhance or reduce the flame velocity when compared with homogeneous mixtures. Mixture stratification is also responsible for higher flame resistance to extinction both on the lean and rich sides of the equivalence ratio. The importance of heat and mass transfer on the observed results implies that their extrapolation to high pressure and to turbulent systems must be made with care.","date":"2000","proceedingsTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","conferenceName":"","place":"","publisher":"","volume":"28","pages":"1925–1932","series":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"laminar flame speed"},{"tag":"methane"},{"tag":"stratified"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z"}}


key: GHXBZLM8
data:
  {"key":"GHXBZLM8","version":399,"data":{"key":"GHXBZLM8","version":399,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Assessing the predictions of a NO x kinetic mechanism on recent hydrogen and syngas experimental data","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yingjia","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Olivier","lastName":"Mathieu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Eric L","lastName":"Petersen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gilles","lastName":"Bourque"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Henry J","lastName":"Curran"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"182","issue":"x","pages":"122–141","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.03.019","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.03.019","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Chemical kinetics"},{"tag":"Hydrogen"},{"tag":"Mo"},{"tag":"NOx chemistry"},{"tag":"Syngas"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z"}}


key: VHNQWMCK
data:
  {"key":"VHNQWMCK","version":399,"data":{"key":"VHNQWMCK","version":399,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Strain Induced Slowdown of Front Propagation in Random Shear Flow via Analysis of G-equations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hongwei","lastName":"Gao"}],"abstractNote":"It is proved that for the 2-dimensional case with random shear flow of the G-equation model with strain term, the strain term reduces the front propagation. Also an improvement of the main result by Armstrong-Souganidis is provided.","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–16","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1090/proc/12930","ISSN":"10886826","shortTitle":"","url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1509.0530","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"_eprint: 1509.0530","tags":[{"tag":"and phrases"},{"tag":"hamilton-jacobi equation"},{"tag":"level-set convex"},{"tag":"partially supported by dms-1151919"},{"tag":"random shear flow"},{"tag":"stochastic homogeniza-"},{"tag":"strain"},{"tag":"the g-equation"},{"tag":"tion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z"}}


key: DGRJA83E
data:
  {"key":"DGRJA83E","version":398,"data":{"key":"DGRJA83E","version":398,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Extension of PREMIER combustion operation range using split micro pilot fuel injection in a dual fuel natural gas compression ignition engine : A performance-based and visual investigation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Cagdas","lastName":"Aksu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nobuyuki","lastName":"Kawahara"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kazuya","lastName":"Tsuboi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Morio","lastName":"Kondo"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"185","issue":"","pages":"243–253","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.07.120","ISSN":"0016-2361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.07.120","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"dual fuel combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z"}}


key: SE48QJ9P
data:
  {"key":"SE48QJ9P","version":398,"data":{"key":"SE48QJ9P","version":398,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A phenomenological combustion analysis of a dual-fuel natural-gas diesel engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shuonan","lastName":"Xu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"David","lastName":"Anderson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mark","lastName":"Hoffman"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robert","lastName":"Prucka"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zoran","lastName":"Filipi"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering","volume":"231","issue":"1","pages":"66–83","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1177/0954407016633337","ISSN":"09544070","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0954407016","tags":[{"tag":"Dual fuel"},{"tag":"combustion"},{"tag":"diesel"},{"tag":"natural gas"},{"tag":"triple-Wiebe function"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z"}}


key: QPDYG5M4
data:
  {"key":"QPDYG5M4","version":398,"data":{"key":"QPDYG5M4","version":398,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"N-heptane micro pilot assisted methane combustion in a Rapid Compression Expansion Machine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stéphanie","lastName":"Schlatter"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bruno","lastName":"Schneider"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yuri M","lastName":"Wright"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Konstantinos","lastName":"Boulouchos"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"179","issue":"x","pages":"339–352","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.03.006","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"dual fuel combustion"},{"tag":"rapid compression expansion machine"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z"}}


key: MCWQ363T
data:
  {"key":"MCWQ363T","version":398,"data":{"key":"MCWQ363T","version":398,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Laminar flame speeds of H 2 / CO with CO 2 dilution at normal and elevated pressures and temperatures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Minchao","lastName":"Han"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yuhua","lastName":"Ai"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zheng","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wenjun","lastName":"Kong"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"FUEL","volume":"148","issue":"","pages":"32–38","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.083","ISSN":"0016-2361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.083","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z"}}


key: L22XUJCQ
data:
  {"key":"L22XUJCQ","version":398,"data":{"key":"L22XUJCQ","version":398,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics Transient Pressure Effects in the Evolution Equation for Premixed Flame Fronts","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D","lastName":"Keller"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N","lastName":"Peters"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"141–159","date":"1994","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z"}}


key: CK8R9XIM
data:
  {"key":"CK8R9XIM","version":398,"data":{"key":"CK8R9XIM","version":398,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A Triangulated Lagrangian Ignition Kernel Model with Detailed Kinetics for Modeling Spark Ignition with the G-Equation-Part I: Geometric Aspects","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F.","lastName":"Perini"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K.","lastName":"Hiraoka"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Y.","lastName":"Oda"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Yuuki"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C.","lastName":"Rutland"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R.","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"© 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved. Modeling ignition kernel development in spark ignition engines is crucial to capturing the sources of cyclic variability, both with RANS and LES simulations. Appropriate kernel modeling must ensure that energy transfer from the electrodes to the gas phase has the correct timing, rate and locations, until the flame surface is large enough to be represented on the mesh by the G-Equation level-set method. However, in most kernel models, geometric details driving kernel growth are missing: either because it is described as Lagrangian particles, or because its development is simplified, i.e., down to multiple spherical flames. This paper covers the geometric aspects of kernel development, which makes up the core of a Triangulated Lagrangian Ignition Kernel model. One (or multiple, if it restrikes) spark channel is initialized as a one-dimensional Lagrangian particle thread. Each channel particle is advected as a Lagrangian tracker plus a turbulent dispersion term, with least-squares field reconstruction to compensate for the lesser mesh resolution. The 1D thread discretization is dynamically updated to stick to the user's resolution request; plus, particles falling into the wall boundary layer are flagged and deactivated, such that actual spark channel can effectively translate along the electrode's surface. Energy transfer to the gas phase is accounted for via direct chemical kinetics integration at each channel particle, added with a time-varying energy source term. Flame kernels can develop at any particle locations: they are initialized as a triangulated icosahedron, and evolved (and merged) as a unique particle-based triangulation, with dynamically enforced resolution, employing the G-Equation formulation directly at the kernel level. Preliminary kernel development tests show that the triangulated geometry implementation allows to capture sub-grid-scale features of the early flame kernel development, which cannot be achieved with the former DPIK model.","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":"2018-April","issue":"","pages":"1–14","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2018-01-0195","ISSN":"01487191","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z"}}


key: 72AUIQUI
data:
  {"key":"72AUIQUI","version":398,"data":{"key":"72AUIQUI","version":398,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Crank-Angle Resolved Modeling of Fuel Injection , Combustion and Emission Formation for Engine Optimization and Calibration on Real-Time Systems","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Christoph","lastName":"Poetsch"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0558.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:16Z"}}


key: LRIHCZ2C
data:
  {"key":"LRIHCZ2C","version":398,"data":{"key":"LRIHCZ2C","version":398,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical analysis of the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engines with multiple injection strategies using a modified 2-D flamelet model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gyujin","lastName":"Kim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sunyoung","lastName":"Moon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Seungha","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kyoungdoug","lastName":"Min"}],"abstractNote":"The multiple injection strategy has been widely used in diesel engines to reduce engine noise, NOx and soot formation. Fuel injection developments such as the common-rail and piezo-actuator system provide more precise control of the injection quantity and time under higher injection pressures. As various injection strategies become accessible, it is important to understand the interaction of each fuel stream and following combustion process under the multiple injection strategy. To investigate these complex processes quantitatively, numerical analysis using CFD is a good alternative to overcome the limitation of experiments. A modified 2-D flamelet model is further developed from previous work to model multi-fuel streams with higher accuracy. The model was validated under various engine operating conditions and captures the combustion and emissions characteristics as well as several parametric variations. The model is expected to be used to suggest advanced injection strategies in engine development processes.","publicationTitle":"Energies","volume":"10","issue":"9","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.3390/en10091292","ISSN":"19961073","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 8228801661","tags":[{"tag":"CFD"},{"tag":"Collapse method"},{"tag":"Modified 2-D flamelet model"},{"tag":"Multiple injection"},{"tag":"NOxemissions"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z"}}


key: W76QGLKR
data:
  {"key":"W76QGLKR","version":397,"data":{"key":"W76QGLKR","version":397,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Comparison of turbulent flame speeds from complete averaging and the G- equation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Pedro F","lastName":"Embidandrew"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J Majdapanagiotis E","lastName":"Souganidis"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Pedro F","lastName":"Embid"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Andrew J","lastName":"Majda"}],"abstractNote":"A popular contemporary approach in predicting enhanced flame speeds in premixed turbulent combustion involves averaging or closure theories for the G-equation involving both large-scale flows and small-scale turbulence. The G-equation is a Hamilton-Jacobi equation involving advection by an incompressible velocity field and nonlinear dependence on the laminar flame speed; this G-equation has been derived from the complete Navier-Stokes equations under the tacit assumptions that the velocity field varies on only the integral scale and that the ratio of the flame thickness to this integral scale is small. Thus there is a potential source of error in using the averaged G-equation with' turbulent velocities varying on length scales smaller than the integral scale in predicting enhanced flame speeds. Here these issues are discussed ip the simplest context involving velocity fields varying on two scales where a complete theory of nonlinear averaging for predicting enhanced flame speeds without any ad hoc approximations has been developed recently by the authors. The predictions for enhanced flame speeds of this complete averaging theory versus the averaging approach utilizing the G-equation are compared here in the simplest context involving a constant mean flow and a small-scale steady periodic flow where both theories can be solved exactly through analytical formulas. The results of this comparison are summarized briefly as follows: The predictions of enhanced flame speeds through the averaged G-equation always underestimate those computed by complete averaging. Nevertheless, when the transverse component of the mean flow relative to the shear is less than one in magnitude, the agreement between the two approaches is excellent. However, when the transverse component of the mean flow relative to the shear exceeds one in magnitude, the predictions of the enhanced flame speed by the averaged G-equation significantly underestimate those computed through complete nonlinear averaging, and in some cases, by more than an order of magnitude.","publicationTitle":"Physics of Fluids","volume":"2052","issue":"","pages":"","date":"1995","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1063/1.868452","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868452","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: American Institute of Physics","tags":[{"tag":"G-equation"},{"tag":"Mathematics"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z"}}


key: 7IXRA2LR
data:
  {"key":"7IXRA2LR","version":397,"data":{"key":"7IXRA2LR","version":397,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Shock tube study on ignition delay of hydrogen and evaluation of various kinetic models","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Erjiang","lastName":"Hu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Lun","lastName":"Pan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhenhua","lastName":"Gao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xin","lastName":"Lu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xin","lastName":"Meng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zuohua","lastName":"Huang"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"41","issue":"30","pages":"13261–13280","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.118","ISSN":"0360-3199","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.118","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z"}}


key: 2KY3EC7F
data:
  {"key":"2KY3EC7F","version":397,"data":{"key":"2KY3EC7F","version":397,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Amplified pressure waves during autoignition: Relevance to CAI engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D.","lastName":"Bradley"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C.","lastName":"Morley"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"X. J.","lastName":"Gu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D. R.","lastName":"Emerson"}],"abstractNote":"Controlled autoignition (CAI) engines ideally operate at very lean stoichiometries to achieve low NOx emissions. But at high loads, when combustion approaches stoichiometric, they become noisy and severe engine knock develops. A possible cause is the development of amplifying pressure waves near the hot spots that inevitably occur in the autoigniting gas. This paper presents the results from numerical solutions at realistic engine conditions of the detailed chemical kinetic equations with acoustic wave propagation. Those calculations that involve hot spots must include a spatial dimension. Because of this, they are much more time-consuming than for the homogeneous case. A model system of mixtures of 0.5 H2-0.5 CO with air for equivalence ratios, ϕ, between 0.45 and 1.0 has been used at engine-like temperatures and pressures. These calculations investigate the behaviour for various values of ϕ, hot spot size and temperature elevation. They demonstrate that strong pressure spikes and developing detonations occur when the spatial gradient of temperature is such that the autoignition moves into the unburnt mixture at approximately the speed of sound, so that the chemical and acoustic waves reinforce each other. It is also shown that this resonance, in itself, is not sufficient for a developing detonation to occur and it is also necessary for the mixture to be sufficiently reactive. The criterion for this in terms of the homogeneous chemical kinetics is developed. It is postulated that the conditions for the resonance will occur somewhere in the cylinder for most mixtures but only for ϕ close to stoichiometric do strong pressure waves develop, leading to noisy and possibly damaging combustion. Copyright © 2002 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":"","issue":"724","pages":"","date":"2002","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2002-01-2868","ISSN":"26883627","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z"}}


key: 4P9GUBBB
data:
  {"key":"4P9GUBBB","version":397,"data":{"key":"4P9GUBBB","version":397,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Spark Ignition Engine Simulation Using a Flamelet Based Combustion Model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Irufan","lastName":"Ahmed"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Golnoush","lastName":"Ghiasi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A Gnana Sagaya","lastName":"Raj"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nedunchezhian","lastName":"Swaminathan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jann","lastName":"Koch"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Karel","lastName":"Steurs"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yuri M","lastName":"Wright"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2015-24-2402.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z"}}


key: ADQBDS9X
data:
  {"key":"ADQBDS9X","version":397,"data":{"key":"ADQBDS9X","version":397,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental and modeling study on ignition delays of lean mixtures of methane, hydrogen, oxygen, and argon at elevated pressures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yingjia","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zuohua","lastName":"Huang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Liangjie","lastName":"Wei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jiaxiang","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chung K.","lastName":"Law"}],"abstractNote":"Ignition delays of lean mixtures of methane-hydrogen with various hydrogen volumetric contents were experimentally studied in a shock tube together with modeling analysis. Results show that the ignition behavior of the methane-hydrogen mixture depending on pressure resembles that of methane for hydrogen fraction less than 40%, with the ignition delays decreasing with increasing pressure. For the hydrogen fraction equal 60%, a negligible promoted effect of pressure on the ignition of the methane-hydrogen mixture is exhibited. For hydrogen fractions equal or greater than 80%, however, the ignition response resembles that of hydrogen in that the ignition delay exhibits a complex dependence on pressure and two-step transition in the global activation energy. Compared with calculated values using four available mechanisms, the NUI Galway mechanism yielded the closest agreement, and was adopted in the sensitivity analysis of the ignition kinetics. The sensitivity analysis well explained the experimental results which the ignition delay decreases with increasing temperature regardless of whether methane (typical fuel 80%CH 4/20%H 2) or hydrogen (typical fuel 20%CH 4/80%H 2) dominates the ignition process. Rate of production analysis shows that the promoted effect of the hydrogen on the oxidation of the methane is mainly due to the concentrations of the free radicals such as H, O and OH increase with increasing hydrogen fraction, and lead to the total reaction rate is enhanced. Consumption of methane is mainly through these reactions in which the active free radicals participate. ?? 2011 The Combustion Institute.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"159","issue":"3","pages":"918–931","date":"2012","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.09.010","ISSN":"00102180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.09.010","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0010-2180\nPublisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"Chemical kinetics"},{"tag":"Hydrogen"},{"tag":"Ignition delay"},{"tag":"Methane"},{"tag":"Shock tube"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z"}}


key: EY2GQ4QZ
data:
  {"key":"EY2GQ4QZ","version":397,"data":{"key":"EY2GQ4QZ","version":397,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Homogenization of the g-equation with incompressible random drift in two dimensions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"James","lastName":"Nolen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alexei","lastName":"Novikov"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Communications in Mathematical Sciences","volume":"0","issue":"1","pages":"1–26","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"_eprint: arXiv:1011.0016v1","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z"}}


key: ZBF3BUVY
data:
  {"key":"ZBF3BUVY","version":397,"data":{"key":"ZBF3BUVY","version":397,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Laminar flame speeds and ignition delay times of methane-air mixtures at elevated temperatures and pressures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Erjiang","lastName":"Hu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaotian","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xin","lastName":"Meng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yizhen","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yu","lastName":"Cheng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yongliang","lastName":"Xie"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zuohua","lastName":"Huang"}],"abstractNote":"Measurements on laminar flame speeds and ignition delay times of methane/air mixtures at elevated pressures and temperatures were carried out in a constant volume bomb and shock tube. The performances of GRI Mech 3.0, USC Mech II, and Aramco Mech 1.3 mechanisms were also evaluated from the data obtained. Results showed that the measured laminar flame speeds from the constant volume bomb by the linear method are slightly higher than those from the counter flow flame at rich mixtures and lower at lean mixtures. At rich mixtures, the laminar flame speeds with linear method are higher than that with non-linear method. The available mechanisms give slight overprediction to the constant volume bomb data at lean mixtures, and large underprediction at rich mixtures at elevated temperatures and pressures. Overall reaction order decreases and then increases with the rising of pressure from 0.1 to 10.0 MPa because of the chain reaction mechanism. For the ignition delay times, the three mechanisms are in good accordance with the experimental data of lean and stoichiometric mixtures at atmospheric pressure, while the discrepancy between calculation and measurement is increased at elevated pressures. These mechanisms seem to lack good sensitivity to the rich mixtures, especially at elevated pressures. Correlations for laminar burning velocities and ignition delay time of methane-air mixtures are provided.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"158","issue":"","pages":"1–10","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.05.010","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.05.010","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Correlation"},{"tag":"Elevated pressures and temperatures"},{"tag":"Ignition delay time"},{"tag":"Laminar flame speed"},{"tag":"Reaction order"},{"tag":"Sensitivity analysis"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z"}}


key: VQC8IRD2
data:
  {"key":"VQC8IRD2","version":397,"data":{"key":"VQC8IRD2","version":397,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"CFD Modeling of Spark Ignited Gasoline Engines- Part 2 : Modeling the Engine in Direct Injection Mode along with Spray Validation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ishan","lastName":"Verma"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Eric","lastName":"Bish"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Martin","lastName":"Kuntz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ellen","lastName":"Meeks"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Karthik","lastName":"Puduppakkam"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0579.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z"}}


key: 5AHHQHR2
data:
  {"key":"5AHHQHR2","version":396,"data":{"key":"5AHHQHR2","version":396,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Detailed Simulations of Stratified Ignition and Combustion Processes in a Spray-Guided Gasoline Engine using the SparkCIMM / G-Equation Modeling Framework","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rainer N","lastName":"Dahms"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Michael C","lastName":"Drake"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ronald O","lastName":"Grover"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Arun S","lastName":"Solomon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Todd D","lastName":"Fansler"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2012-01-0132","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:15Z"}}


key: HR2G7IGU
data:
  {"key":"HR2G7IGU","version":396,"data":{"key":"HR2G7IGU","version":396,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical Analysis of Pollutant Formation in Direct- Injection Spark-Ignition Engines by Incorporating the G- Equation with a Flamelet Library","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Joohan","lastName":"Kim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gyujin","lastName":"Kim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hoon","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kyoungdoug","lastName":"Min"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2014-01-1145.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z"}}


key: 3A2CHEKP
data:
  {"key":"3A2CHEKP","version":396,"data":{"key":"3A2CHEKP","version":396,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"ScienceDirect Influence of CO 2 , CH 4 , and initial temperature on H 2 / CO laminar flame speed","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Denis","lastName":"Lapalme"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Patrice","lastName":"Seers"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Notre-dame","lastName":"Ouest"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"39","issue":"7","pages":"3477–3486","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.12.109","ISSN":"0360-3199","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.12.109","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z"}}


key: 8W4Q8NXN
data:
  {"key":"8W4Q8NXN","version":396,"data":{"key":"8W4Q8NXN","version":396,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Measurement of the laminar burning velocity using the confined and unconfined spherical flame methods – A comparative analysis","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ahmad","lastName":"Omari"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Leonid","lastName":"Tartakovsky"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"168","issue":"","pages":"127–137","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.03.012","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Laminar burning velocity"},{"tag":"Laminar flame speed"},{"tag":"Spher"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z"}}


key: KGJULJFV
data:
  {"key":"KGJULJFV","version":396,"data":{"key":"KGJULJFV","version":396,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"A Simulation Model for the Combustion Process of Natural Gas Engines with Pilot Diesel Fuel as an Ignition Source","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D T","lastName":"Hountalas"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R G","lastName":"Papagiannakis"}],"abstractNote":"","date":"2001","proceedingsTitle":"","conferenceName":"","place":"","publisher":"","volume":"","pages":"","series":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISBN":"2-00-101124-5","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Issue: 724","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z"}}


key: CPA9NV6S
data:
  {"key":"CPA9NV6S","version":396,"data":{"key":"CPA9NV6S","version":396,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Ignition characteristics of heptane-hydrogen and heptane-methane fuel blends at elevated pressures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S. K.","lastName":"Aggarwal"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"O.","lastName":"Awomolo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K.","lastName":"Akber"}],"abstractNote":"There is significant interest in using hydrogen and natural gas for enhancing the performance of diesel engines. We report herein a numerical investigation on the ignition of n-C7H16/H2 and n-C7H16/CH4 fuel blends. The CHEMKIN 4.1 software is used to model ignition in a closed homogenous reactor under conditions relevant to diesel/HCCI engines. Three reaction mechanisms used are (i) NIST mechanism involving 203 species and 1463 reactions, (ii) Dryer mechanism with 116 species and 754 reactions, and (iii) a reduced mechanism (Chalmers) with 42 species and 168 reactions. The parameters include pressures of 30 atm and 55 atm, equivalence ratios of ??= 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0, temperature range of 800-1400 K, and mole fractions of H2 or CH4 in the blend between 0 and 100%. For n-C7H16/air mixtures, the Chalmers mechanism not only provides closer agreement with measurements compared to the other two mechanisms, but also reproduces the negative temperature coefficient regime. Consequently, this mechanism is used to characterize the effects of H2 or CH4 on the ignition of n-C7H16. Results indicate that H2 or CH 4 addition has a relatively small effect on the ignition of n-C 7H16/air mixtures, while the n-C7H16 addition even in small amount modifies the ignition of H2/air and CH4/air mixtures significantly. The n-C7H16 addition decreases and increases the ignition delays of H2/air mixtures at low and high temperatures, respectively, while its addition to CH4/air mixtures decreases ignition delays at all temperatures. The sensitivity analysis indicates that ignition characteristics of these fuel blends are dominated by the pyrolysis/oxidation chemistry of n-heptane, with heptyl (C7H16-2) and hydoxyl (OH) radicals being the two most important species. ?? 2011, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"36","issue":"23","pages":"15392–15402","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.08.065","ISSN":"03603199","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.08.065","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0360-3199\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Engine conditions"},{"tag":"Hydrogen-heptane blends"},{"tag":"Ignition"},{"tag":"Methane-heptane blends"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z"}}


key: MNX7NP24
data:
  {"key":"MNX7NP24","version":396,"data":{"key":"MNX7NP24","version":396,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"Modification of the Turbulent Burning Velocity by Gas Expansion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N","lastName":"Peters"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H","lastName":"Wenzel"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F A","lastName":"Williams"}],"abstractNote":"Premixed turbulent combustion in the corrugated flamelets regime has been addressed by modeling of a G-equation containing a gas-expansion term, the form of which was derived by generalizing results of Sivashinsky along lines initiated by Frankel. Previous analyses by the first author of the mean, variance, and two-point correlation spectrum of G, as well as their relation to the turbulent burning velocity, were extended to include the influences of gas expansion. It is shown that this effect has the same form as kinematic restoration but acts in the opposite direction. Because of this similarity in form, no new modeling approximations are required. Onaverage, kinematic restoration dominates gas expansion. In physical terms, this means that the energy-containing eddies at the integral scale are strong enough to suppress gas- dynamic instabilities at smaller scales. Gas expansion lessens the smoothing effect of kinematic restoration, thereby increasing the variance ofGand the turbulent flame brush thickness. It also increases the turbulent burning velocity by a factor that increases with increasing ratio of unburned to burned gas density and with decreasing ratio of turbulence intensity to laminar burning velocity. The effect on the burning velocity, however, is not large, remaining less than 40% even as the turbulence intensity begins to decrease below the laminar burning velocity. Introduction","date":"2000","proceedingsTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","conferenceName":"","place":"","publisher":"Combustion Institute","volume":"28","pages":"235–243","series":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"G-equation"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z"}}


key: ADHSB2RS
data:
  {"key":"ADHSB2RS","version":396,"data":{"key":"ADHSB2RS","version":396,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"ISAT-CK (Version 3.0)","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stephen B.","lastName":"Pope"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2000","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z"}}


key: JRGLM69W
data:
  {"key":"JRGLM69W","version":395,"data":{"key":"JRGLM69W","version":395,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Impact of the surrogate formulation on 3D CFD engine knock prediction using detailed chemistry","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Corinna","lastName":"Netzer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Lars","lastName":"Seidel"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Frédéric","lastName":"Ravet"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fabian","lastName":"Mauß"}],"abstractNote":"For engine knock prediction, surrogate fuels are often composed of iso-octane and n-heptane since they are the components of the Primary Reference Fuel (PRF). By definition, a PRF has no octane sensitivity (S = RON-MON). However, for a commercial gasoline fuel holds RON \\textgreater MON and therefor S \\textgreater 0. More complex surrogates are Toluene Reference Fuels (TRF) and Ethanol containing Toluene Reference Fuels (ETRF). In this work, the impact of the surrogate formulation on the prediction of flame propagation and auto-ignition in the unburnt gases are investigated. The surrogates are composed such that the Research Octane Number is the same. The auto-ignition events ahead of the flame front are predicted using 3D CFD and a combustion model based on the ETRF mechanism by Seidel (2017). The strength of the auto-ignition is determined using the detonation diagram by Bradley and co-workers (2002, 2003). Applying the different surrogates, ignition kernels of different size and reactivity are predicted. The results indicate a dependency on the local temperature history and the low temperature chemistry of the fuel species. The comparison of homogenous constant volume reactor and transient simulations show that the analysis of ignition delay time and octane rating solely from homogenous simulations is not sufficient if the knock tendency of a surrogate in engine simulations needs to be characterized.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"254","issue":"January","pages":"115678","date":"2019","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115678","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115678","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[{"tag":"CFD"},{"tag":"Detailed chemistry"},{"tag":"ETRF"},{"tag":"Engine knock"},{"tag":"Resonance theory"},{"tag":"Surrogate"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z"}}


key: 6W3XYQL3
data:
  {"key":"6W3XYQL3","version":395,"data":{"key":"6W3XYQL3","version":395,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical analysis of the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engines with multiple injection strategies using a modified 2-D flamelet model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gyujin","lastName":"Kim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sunyoung","lastName":"Moon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Seungha","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kyoungdoug","lastName":"Min"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Energies","volume":"10","issue":"9","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.3390/en10091292","ISSN":"19961073","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 8228801661","tags":[{"tag":"CFD"},{"tag":"Collapse method"},{"tag":"Modified 2-D flamelet model"},{"tag":"Multiple injection"},{"tag":"NOxemissions"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z"}}


key: NQC6X3BR
data:
  {"key":"NQC6X3BR","version":395,"data":{"key":"NQC6X3BR","version":395,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Chemiluminescence Imaging of Autoignition in a DI Diesel Engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"John E","lastName":"Dec"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Christoph","lastName":"Espey"}],"abstractNote":"Chemiluminescence imaging has been applied to a parametric investigation of diesel autoignition. Time-resolved images of the natural light emission were made in an optically accessible DI diesel engine of the heavy-duty size class using an intensified CCD video camera. Measurements were obtained at a base operating condition, corresponding to a motored TDC temperature and density of 992 K and 16.6 kg/m3, and for TDC temperatures and densities above and below these values. Data were taken with a 42.5 cetane number blend of the diesel reference fuels for all conditions, and measurements were also made with no. 2 diesel fuel (D2) at the base condition. For each condition, temporal sequences of images were acquired from the time of first detectable chemiluminescence up through fully sooting combustion, and the images were analyzed to obtain quantitative measurements of the average emission intensity. These data are presented and discussed with respect to the liquid-phase fuel penetration and the apparent heat release rates. In addition, a spectrometer equipped with an intensified OMA was used to record both chemiluminescence and sooting combustion spectra.The data show diesel autoignition to be a progressive process that occurs simultaneously over the downstream region of all the fuel jets. The first chemiluminescence is detected shortly after the start of injection for all the conditions studied, and it grows brighter and shifts downstream as the jet penetrates across the chamber, until soot luminosity dominates the emission. Although this process is qualitatively the same for all conditions, the rate at which it proceeds varies greatly with TDC temperature and density. The temporal evolution of the natural emission is similar for the reference and D2 fuels. The spectral data show that the chemiluminescence arises mainly from formaldehyde and CH emission, with no OH emission detected. In contrast, the sooting-combustion spectrum (taken after the diffusion flame has formed) shows OH and “gray-body” soot emission.","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper 982685","volume":"","issue":"724","pages":"","date":"1998","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"papers://B3F20CA2-9ACD-4BA1-A510-19A2EC38FE78/Paper/p1008","ISSN":"0148-7191","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"PMID: 982685","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:14Z"}}


key: XPCADM55
data:
  {"key":"XPCADM55","version":395,"data":{"key":"XPCADM55","version":395,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Thin reaction zone and distributed reaction zone regimes in turbulent premixed methane/air flames: Scalar distributions and correlations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Christian","lastName":"Brackmann"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhenkan","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhongshan","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mattias","lastName":"Richter"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Marcus","lastName":"Aldén"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xue Song","lastName":"Bai"}],"abstractNote":"A series of premixed turbulent methane/air jet flames in the thin reaction zone (TRZ) and distributed reaction zone (DRZ) regimes were studied using simultaneous three-scalar high-resolution imaging measurements, including HCO/OH/CH2O, CH/OH/CH2O, T/OH/CH2O and T/CH/OH/. These scalar fields offer a possibility of revisiting the structures of turbulent premixed flames in different combustion regimes. In particular, CH2O provides a measure of the preheat zone, CH/HCO a measure of the inner layer of the reaction zone, and OH a measure of the oxidation zone. Scalar correlations are analyzed on both single-shot and statistical basis, and resolvable correlated structures of ∼100 µm between scalars are captured. With increasing turbulence intensity, it is shown that the preheat zone and the inner layer of the reaction zone become gradually broadened/distributed, and the correlation between HCO and [OH]LIF×[CH2O]LIFdecreases. A transition from the TRZ regime to the DRZ regime is found around Karlovitz number of 70–100. The physical and chemical effects on the broadening of the flame are investigated. In the TRZ regime the inner layer marker CH and HCO remains thin in general although occasional local broadening of CH/HCO could be observed. Furthermore, there is a significant probability of finding CH and HCO at rather low temperatures even in the TRZ regime. In the DRZ regime, the broadening of CH and HCO are shown to be mainly a result of local reactions facilitated by rapid turbulent transport of radicals and intermediate reactants in the upstream of the reaction paths. Differential diffusion is expected to have an important effect in the DRZ regime, as H radicals seemingly play a more important role than OH radicals.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"175","issue":"","pages":"220–236","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.06.016","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.06.016","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0010-2180\nPublisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Distributed reaction zone regime"},{"tag":"Flame/turbulence interaction"},{"tag":"Multi-scalar imaging"},{"tag":"Scalar correlation"},{"tag":"Thin reaction zone regime"},{"tag":"Turbulent premixed flame structure"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z"}}


key: 9DUHS4Z9
data:
  {"key":"9DUHS4Z9","version":395,"data":{"key":"9DUHS4Z9","version":395,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical Investigation of Soot Emission in Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engines Using a Detailed Soot Model Framework","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Joohan","lastName":"Kim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Namho","lastName":"Kim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kyoungdoug","lastName":"Min"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0580.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z"}}


key: T7AYI94J
data:
  {"key":"T7AYI94J","version":395,"data":{"key":"T7AYI94J","version":395,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical analysis of the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engines with multiple injection strategies using a modified 2-D flamelet model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gyujin","lastName":"Kim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sunyoung","lastName":"Moon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Seungha","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kyoungdoug","lastName":"Min"}],"abstractNote":"The multiple injection strategy has been widely used in diesel engines to reduce engine noise, NOx and soot formation. Fuel injection developments such as the common-rail and piezo-actuator system provide more precise control of the injection quantity and time under higher injection pressures. As various injection strategies become accessible, it is important to understand the interaction of each fuel stream and following combustion process under the multiple injection strategy. To investigate these complex processes quantitatively, numerical analysis using CFD is a good alternative to overcome the limitation of experiments. A modified 2-D flamelet model is further developed from previous work to model multi-fuel streams with higher accuracy. The model was validated under various engine operating conditions and captures the combustion and emissions characteristics as well as several parametric variations. The model is expected to be used to suggest advanced injection strategies in engine development processes.","publicationTitle":"Energies","volume":"10","issue":"9","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.3390/en10091292","ISSN":"19961073","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 8228801661","tags":[{"tag":"CFD"},{"tag":"Collapse method"},{"tag":"Modified 2-D flamelet model"},{"tag":"Multiple injection"},{"tag":"NOxemissions"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z"}}


key: W6K3MZGR
data:
  {"key":"W6K3MZGR","version":395,"data":{"key":"W6K3MZGR","version":395,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Rigorous derivation of an unclosed mean G-equation for statistically 1D premixed turbulent flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Vladimir A","lastName":"Sabel"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Andrei N","lastName":"Lipatnikov"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"301–323","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z"}}


key: ISYNXJCT
data:
  {"key":"ISYNXJCT","version":395,"data":{"key":"ISYNXJCT","version":395,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"E ff ects of natural gas injection timing and split pilot fuel injection strategy on the combustion performance and emissions in a dual-fuel engine fueled with diesel and natural gas","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ke","lastName":"Zeng"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"168","issue":"February","pages":"162–169","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.enconman.2018.04.091","ISSN":"0196-8904","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.04.091","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[{"tag":"Dual-fuel"},{"tag":"Emissions"},{"tag":"Natural gas injection timing"},{"tag":"Performance"},{"tag":"Split pilot fuel injection"},{"tag":"natural gas injection timing"},{"tag":"split pilot fuel injection"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z"}}


key: P6Z7EM9I
data:
  {"key":"P6Z7EM9I","version":395,"data":{"key":"P6Z7EM9I","version":395,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The constant-volume propagating spherical flame method for laminar flame speed measurement","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mahdi","lastName":"Faghih"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zheng","lastName":"Chen"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Science Bulletin","volume":"61","issue":"16","pages":"1296–1310","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1007/s11434-016-1143-6","ISSN":"2095-9273","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-016-1143-6","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 1143401611\nPublisher: Elsevier B.V. and Science China Press","tags":[{"tag":"Burned mass fraction"},{"tag":"Constant-volume method"},{"tag":"Laminar flame speed"},{"tag":"Methane/air"},{"tag":"Propagating spherical flame"},{"tag":"air"},{"tag":"laminar flame speed á"},{"tag":"mass fraction á methane"},{"tag":"method á burned"},{"tag":"propagating"},{"tag":"spherical flame á constant-volume"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z"}}


key: 5LLS8E8B
data:
  {"key":"5LLS8E8B","version":394,"data":{"key":"5LLS8E8B","version":394,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"An SMLD Joint PDF Model for Turbulent Non-Premixed Combustion Using the Flamelet Progress-Variable Approach","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alessandro","lastName":"Coclite"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Giuseppe","lastName":"Pascazio"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Pietro","lastName":"De Palma"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Luigi","lastName":"Cutrone"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matthias","lastName":"Ihme"}],"abstractNote":"This paper provides an improved flamelet/progress variable (FPV) model for the simulation of turbulent combustion, employing the statistically most likely distribution (SMLD) approach for the joint probability density function (PDF) of the mixture fraction, Ζ, and of the progress parameter, Λ. Steady-state FPV models are built presuming the functional shape of the joint PDF of Ζ and Λ in order to evaluate Favre-averages of thermodynamic quantities. The mixture fraction is widely assumed to behave as a passive scalar with a mono-modal behaviour modelled by a β-distribution. Moreover, under the hypothesis that Ζ and Λ are statistically independent, the joint PDF coincides with the product of the two marginal PDFs. In this work we discuss these two constitutive hypotheses. The proposed model evaluates the most probable joint distribution of Ζ and Λ, relaxing some crucial assumption on their statistical behaviour. This provides a more general model in the context of FPV approach and an effective tool to verify the adequateness of widely used hypotheses. The model is validated versus experimental data of well-known test cases, namely, the Sandia flames. The results are also compared with those obtained by the standard FPV approach, analysing the role of the PDF functional form on turbulent combustion simulations.","publicationTitle":"Flow, Turbulence and Combustion","volume":"95","issue":"1","pages":"97–119","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1007/s10494-015-9609-1","ISSN":"15731987","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"_eprint: 1504.04957","tags":[{"tag":"Methane combustion"},{"tag":"Presumed PDF"},{"tag":"Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations"},{"tag":"Turbulent non-premixed combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z"}}


key: QQ46BJI8
data:
  {"key":"QQ46BJI8","version":394,"data":{"key":"QQ46BJI8","version":394,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Fundamental physics of flame development in an autoigniting dual fuel mixture","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhiyan","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"John","lastName":"Abraham"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"35","issue":"1","pages":"1041–1048","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2014.06.079","ISSN":"1540-7489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.06.079","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[{"tag":"dual-fuel engines"},{"tag":"ignition in lean mixtures"},{"tag":"lean combustion"},{"tag":"stratified mixtures"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z"}}


key: PK7JZA3K
data:
  {"key":"PK7JZA3K","version":394,"data":{"key":"PK7JZA3K","version":394,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Coupling of in situ adaptive tabulation and dynamic adaptive chemistry: An effective method for solving combustion in engine simulations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Francesco","lastName":"Contino"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hervé","lastName":"Jeanmart"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tommaso","lastName":"Lucchini"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gianluca","lastName":"D'Errico"}],"abstractNote":"Using detailed mechanisms to include chemical kinetics in computational fluid dynamics simulations is required for many combustion applications, yet the resulting computational cost is often extremely prohibitive. In order to reduce the resources dedicated to this stage, we investigated the coupling of the dynamic adaptive chemistry (DAC) reduction scheme with the in situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) algorithm. This paper describes the tabulation of dynamic adaptive chemistry (TDAC) method which takes advantage of both ISAT and DAC to reduce the impact of the mesh and the oxidation mechanism on the computational cost, particularly for unsteady applications like internal combustion engines. In the context of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), we performed simulations on simplified 2D cases using various n-heptane mechanisms and on a real case mesh using a detailed 857-species iso-octane mechanism. Compared to the direct integration of the combustion reactions, results are in very good agreements and a speed-up factor above 300 is obtained. This is significantly better than what was reported for ISAT and DAC which illustrates the synergy of the two methods. In addition, an experimental validation has also been performed with low load HCCI data. Accordingly, the TDAC method is a significant improvement for the computation of the combustion chemistry in engine simulations and allows the use of detailed mechanisms with practical case meshes in simulations that are inconceivable using direct integration. © 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"33","issue":"2","pages":"3057–3064","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2010.08.002","ISSN":"15407489","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 15407489","tags":[{"tag":"Computational fluid dynamics"},{"tag":"Dynamic adaptative chemistry"},{"tag":"Homogeneous charge compression ignition"},{"tag":"In situ adaptive tabulation"},{"tag":"Internal combustion engine"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z"}}


key: 2UBGAFNP
data:
  {"key":"2UBGAFNP","version":394,"data":{"key":"2UBGAFNP","version":394,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Laminar flame speeds of lean high-hydrogen syngas at normal and elevated pressures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Weikuo","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaolong","lastName":"Gou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wenjun","lastName":"Kong"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zheng","lastName":"Chen"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"181","issue":"","pages":"958–963","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.05.013","ISSN":"0016-2361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.05.013","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:13Z"}}


key: CF3956VR
data:
  {"key":"CF3956VR","version":394,"data":{"key":"CF3956VR","version":394,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Implementation and improvement of ISAT in HCCI engine multidimensional modeling with detailed chemical kinetics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M","lastName":"Jia"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M.-Z.","lastName":"Xie"}],"abstractNote":"In situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) has been implemented into homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine multidimensional modeling with detailed chemical kinetics, and the performance of ISAT was discussed. The results showed that ISAT could reduce the computational time remarkably, and control the global error efficiently. Taking into account of the characteristics of chemical reactions during HCCI engine combustion process, an enhanced approach, the partial ISAT (PaISAT) is presented, and it can significantly improve the accuracy and speed-up factor. Moreover, the required memory of ISAT is reduced due to adoption of dynamic trimming technique.","publicationTitle":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":"24","issue":"1","pages":"9–14","date":"2006","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2008-01-0978","ISSN":"10000909","shortTitle":"","url":"http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33645450533{\\&}partnerID=40{\\&}rel=R8.2.0","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Chemical kinetics model"},{"tag":"Homogeneous charge compression ignition engine"},{"tag":"In situ adaptive tabulation"},{"tag":"Storage/retrieve approach"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:12Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:12Z"}}


key: 9DEREFMR
data:
  {"key":"9DEREFMR","version":394,"data":{"key":"9DEREFMR","version":394,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Chemistry acceleration with tabulated dynamic adaptive chemistry in a realistic engine with a primary reference fuel","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Lei","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Haiqiao","lastName":"Wei"}],"abstractNote":"Detailed kinetic reaction mechanisms are necessary for accurate prediction of combustion characteristics such as ignition and emissions in realistic engines. However, the calculation of chemically reacting flows with detailed chemistry is computational expensive due to the large number of species and reactions involved. In this study, a combined approach of dynamic adaptive chemistry (DAC) and in situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) for efficient chemistry calculations has been implemented into a three-dimensional flow solver to simulate a homogenous charged compression ignition (HCCI) engine with a primary reference fuel (PRF). In the combined method, ISAT speeds up the chemistry calculation by reducing the number of integrations of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) governing chemical kinetics through tabulating and re-using the ODE solutions. At the meantime, DAC accelerates the necessary ODE integrations via the use of locally valid reduced mechanisms, which are obtained using the direct relation graph (DRG) method. The study shows that ISAT-DAC can achieve a speedup factor of about three with accurate prediction of composition and heat release even for the pressure-varying transient engine simulation with significant composition inhomogeneity resulting from wall heat loss. A detailed analysis reveals that the combined method effectively reduces the computational cost through taking advantage of the respective acceleration characteristics of DAC and ISAT at different combustion stages. In the low temperature combustion stage between about 650 K and 1000 K, even though the reduction in the mechanism size and consequently the ODE integration of the chemical kinetics by DAC is not significant, the combined method can still reach a speed-up factor of more than 100 due to the fact that the tabulated entries can effectively be reused. For the high temperature region, even though the tabulated entries cannot be reused due to the rapid change of the pressure and large composition inhomogeneity resulting from the active combustion and heat loss, DAC can effectively reduce the size of the needed ODE integrations by freezing a significant number of unimportant species and reactions. The study further quantifies the effect of composition inhomogeneity on the computation efficiency in detailed chemistry calculations in realistic engine simulations. For the case considered, the temperature inhomogeneity due to the wall heat loss obviously increases at around top dead center (TDC), reaching a level of 350 K difference in temperature within the combustion chamber. Consequently, the overall computational efficiency in chemistry calculation by the combined method has been reduced by 40% compared to the case without heat loss.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"171","issue":"","pages":"186–194","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.12.055","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.12.055","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Computational cost"},{"tag":"HCCI"},{"tag":"ISAT-DAC"},{"tag":"Temperature inhomogeneity"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:12Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:12Z"}}


key: BT6UQMYI
data:
  {"key":"BT6UQMYI","version":394,"data":{"key":"BT6UQMYI","version":394,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"ScienceDirect A review on the laminar flame speed and ignition delay time of Syngas mixtures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H C","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L Y","lastName":"Jiang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A A","lastName":"Mohamad"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A B","lastName":"Tn"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"39","issue":"2","pages":"1105–1121","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.10.068","ISSN":"0360-3199","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.10.068","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:12Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:12Z"}}


key: IYY3YUNE
data:
  {"key":"IYY3YUNE","version":394,"data":{"key":"IYY3YUNE","version":394,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics Transient Pressure Effects in the Evolution Equation for Premixed Flame Fronts","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D","lastName":"Keller"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N","lastName":"Peters"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"141–159","date":"1994","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:12Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:12Z"}}


key: 7TX78UNK
data:
  {"key":"7TX78UNK","version":394,"data":{"key":"7TX78UNK","version":394,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Combustion Process of a Turbocharged SI Natural Gas Engine Operated on Stoichiometric Mixture","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hailin","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Timothy","lastName":"Gatts"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shiyu","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Scott","lastName":"Wayne"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nigel","lastName":"Clark"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"combustion process"},{"tag":"diluents"},{"tag":"knock"},{"tag":"natural gas"},{"tag":"si engine"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:12Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:12Z"}}


key: NXUDRAHW
data:
  {"key":"NXUDRAHW","version":393,"data":{"key":"NXUDRAHW","version":393,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effects of in-Cylinder Bulk Flow and Methane Supply Strategies on Charge Stratification , Combustion and Emissions of a Dual-Fuel DI Diesel Engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Antonio P","lastName":"Carlucci"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Domenico","lastName":"Laforgia"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Roberto","lastName":"Saracino"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2009-01-0949","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 2009010949","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:12Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:12Z"}}


key: 54R5K74L
data:
  {"key":"54R5K74L","version":393,"data":{"key":"54R5K74L","version":393,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Physicochemical effects of varying fuel composition on knock characteristics of natural gas mixtures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sander","lastName":"Gersen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Martijn","lastName":"van Essen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gerco","lastName":"van Dijk"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Howard","lastName":"Levinsky"}],"abstractNote":"The physicochemical origins of how changes in fuel composition affect autoignition of the end gas, leading to engine knock, are analyzed for a natural gas engine. Experiments in a lean-burn, high-speed medium-BMEP gas engine are performed using a reference natural gas with systematically varied fractions of admixed ethane, propane and hydrogen. Thermodynamic analysis of the measured non-knocking pressure histories shows that, in addition to the expected changes arising from changes in the heat capacity of the mixture, changes in the combustion duration relative to the compression cycle (the combustion \"phasing\") caused by variations in burning velocity dominate the effects of fuel composition on the temperature (and pressure) of the end gas. Thus, despite the increase in the heat capacity of the fuel-air mixture with addition of ethane and propane, the change in combustion phasing is actually seen to increase the maximum end-gas temperature slightly for these fuel components. By the same token, the substantial change in combustion duration upon hydrogen addition strongly increases the end-gas temperature, beyond that caused by the decrease in mixture heat capacity. The impact of these variations in in-cylinder conditions on the knock tendency of the fuel have been assessed using autoignition delay times computed using SENKIN and a detailed chemical mechanism for the end gas under the conditions extant in the engine. The results show that the ignition-promoting effect of hydrogen is mainly the result of the increase in end-gas temperature and pressure, while addition of ethane and propane promotes ignition primarily by changing the chemical autoignition behavior of the fuel itself. Comparison of the computed end-gas autoignition delay time, based on the complete measured pressure history of each gas, with the measured Knock-Limited Spark Timing shows that the computed delay time accurately reflects the measured knock tendency of the fuels. © 2014 The Combustion Institute.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"161","issue":"10","pages":"2729–2737","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.03.019","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.03.019","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"Autoignition delay times"},{"tag":"Engine knock"},{"tag":"Hydrogen"},{"tag":"Natural gas"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:12Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:12Z"}}


key: AFWF88MV
data:
  {"key":"AFWF88MV","version":393,"data":{"key":"AFWF88MV","version":393,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A Zonal Turbulence Modeling Approach for ICE Flow Simulation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Vesselin Krassimirov","lastName":"Krastev"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gino","lastName":"Bella"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0584","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 2016010584","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:12Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:12Z"}}


key: 6LBZEYUM
data:
  {"key":"6LBZEYUM","version":393,"data":{"key":"6LBZEYUM","version":393,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Turbulent combustion modeling","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Denis","lastName":"Veynante"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Luc","lastName":"Vervisch"}],"abstractNote":"Numerical simulation of flames is a growing field bringing important improvements to our understanding of combustion. The main issues and related closures of turbulent combustion modeling are reviewed. Combustion problems involve strong coupling between chemistry, transport and fluid dynamics. The basic properties of laminar flames are first presented along with the major tools developed for modeling turbulent combustion. The links between the available closures are illuminated from a generic description of modeling tools. Then, examples of numerical models for mean burning rates are discussed for premixed turbulent combustion. The use of direct numerical simulation (DNS) as a research instrument is illustrated for turbulent transport occurring in premixed combustion, gradient and counter-gradient modeling of turbulent fluxes is addressed. Finally, a review of the models for non-premixed turbulent flames is given.","publicationTitle":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"28","issue":"3","pages":"193–266","date":"2002-03","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/S0360-1285(01)00017-X","ISSN":"0360-1285","shortTitle":"","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036012850100017X?via{\\%}3Dihub","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Pergamon","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:12Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:12Z"}}


key: 8MID5KB5
data:
  {"key":"8MID5KB5","version":393,"data":{"key":"8MID5KB5","version":393,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"ISAT-CK (Version 3.0)","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stephen B.","lastName":"Pope"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2000","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z"}}


key: AGXDXHS7
data:
  {"key":"AGXDXHS7","version":393,"data":{"key":"AGXDXHS7","version":393,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Self-similar solutions of the G-equation - analytic description of the flame surface","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"I F","lastName":"Barna"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"2","issue":"7","pages":"1–5","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9789038611181\n_eprint: arXiv:1010.5671v1","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z"}}


key: RXF9MDTM
data:
  {"key":"RXF9MDTM","version":393,"data":{"key":"RXF9MDTM","version":393,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Modeling Knock in Spark-Ignition Engines Using a G-equation Combustion Model Incorporating Detailed Chemical Kinetics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Long","lastName":"Liang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Claudia O.","lastName":"Iyer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jianwen","lastName":"Yi"}],"abstractNote":"In this paper, knock in a Ford single cylinder directinjection spark-ignition (DISI) engine was modeled and investigated using the KIVA-3V code with a G-equation combustion model coupled with detailed chemical kinetics. The deflagrative turbulent flame propagation was described by the G-equation combustion model. A 22-species, 42-reaction iso-octane (iC8H18) mechanism was adopted to model the auto-ignition process of the gasoline/air/residual-gas mixture ahead of the flame front. The iso-octane mechanism was originally validated by ignition delay tests in a rapid compression machine. In this study, the mechanism was tested by comparing the simulated ignition delay time in a constant volume mesh with the values measured in a shock tube under different initial temperature, pressure and equivalence ratio conditions, and acceptable agreements were obtained. The mechanism was further validated by modeling a gasoline homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine at both low and high engine speeds. The G-equation combustion model was validated on the Ford DISI engine with spark advance and intake manifold pressure sweeps. Based on the model validation, knocking combustion under boost and globally stoichiometric operating conditions was simulated. Finally, knock mitigation strategies using cooled EGR and/or two-stage mixing were assessed based on the numerical analysis.","publicationTitle":"Sae","volume":"2007-01-01","issue":"724","pages":"776–0790","date":"2007","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2007-01-0165","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z"}}


key: X5Y9DYWG
data:
  {"key":"X5Y9DYWG","version":393,"data":{"key":"X5Y9DYWG","version":393,"itemType":"document","title":"G-equation Model with Detailed Chemistry","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Long","lastName":"Liang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Prof Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"","publisher":"","date":"","language":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Pages: 679–679\nPublication Title: Fuel","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z"}}


key: RY8NEZ3T
data:
  {"key":"RY8NEZ3T","version":393,"data":{"key":"RY8NEZ3T","version":393,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A Triangulated Lagrangian Ignition Kernel Model with Detailed Kinetics for Modeling Spark Ignition with the G-Equation-Part I: Geometric Aspects","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F.","lastName":"Perini"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K.","lastName":"Hiraoka"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Y.","lastName":"Oda"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Yuuki"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C.","lastName":"Rutland"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R.","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"© 2018 SAE International. All Rights Reserved. Modeling ignition kernel development in spark ignition engines is crucial to capturing the sources of cyclic variability, both with RANS and LES simulations. Appropriate kernel modeling must ensure that energy transfer from the electrodes to the gas phase has the correct timing, rate and locations, until the flame surface is large enough to be represented on the mesh by the G-Equation level-set method. However, in most kernel models, geometric details driving kernel growth are missing: either because it is described as Lagrangian particles, or because its development is simplified, i.e., down to multiple spherical flames. This paper covers the geometric aspects of kernel development, which makes up the core of a Triangulated Lagrangian Ignition Kernel model. One (or multiple, if it restrikes) spark channel is initialized as a one-dimensional Lagrangian particle thread. Each channel particle is advected as a Lagrangian tracker plus a turbulent dispersion term, with least-squares field reconstruction to compensate for the lesser mesh resolution. The 1D thread discretization is dynamically updated to stick to the user's resolution request; plus, particles falling into the wall boundary layer are flagged and deactivated, such that actual spark channel can effectively translate along the electrode's surface. Energy transfer to the gas phase is accounted for via direct chemical kinetics integration at each channel particle, added with a time-varying energy source term. Flame kernels can develop at any particle locations: they are initialized as a triangulated icosahedron, and evolved (and merged) as a unique particle-based triangulation, with dynamically enforced resolution, employing the G-Equation formulation directly at the kernel level. Preliminary kernel development tests show that the triangulated geometry implementation allows to capture sub-grid-scale features of the early flame kernel development, which cannot be achieved with the former DPIK model.","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":"2018-April","issue":"","pages":"1–14","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2018-01-0195","ISSN":"01487191","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z"}}


key: SAA88YWW
data:
  {"key":"SAA88YWW","version":393,"data":{"key":"SAA88YWW","version":393,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Ignition-promoting effect of NO 2 on methane , ethane and methane / ethane mixtures in a rapid compression machine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S","lastName":"Gersen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A V","lastName":"Mokhov"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J H","lastName":"Darmeveil"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H B","lastName":"Levinsky"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"33","issue":"1","pages":"433–440","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2010.05.097","ISSN":"1540-7489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2010.05.097","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"alkane oxidation"},{"tag":"autoignition"},{"tag":"no x sensitization"},{"tag":"rapid compression machine"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z"}}


key: HX7D3PBS
data:
  {"key":"HX7D3PBS","version":392,"data":{"key":"HX7D3PBS","version":392,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Integration of a Continuous Multi-Component Fuel Evaporation Model with an Improved G-Equation Combustion and Detailed Chemical Kinetics Model with Application to GDI Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shiyou","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"A continuous multi-component fuel evaporation model has been integrated with an improved G-equation combustion and detailed chemical kinetics model. The integrated code has been successfully used to simulate a gasoline direct injection engine. In the multi-component fuel model, the theory of continuous thermodynamics is used to model the properties and composition of multicomponent fuels such as gasoline. In the improved Gequation combustion model a flamelet approach based on the G-equation is used that considers multicomponent fuel effects. To precisely calculate the local and instantaneous residual which has a great effect on the laminar flame speed, a transport equation residual model is used. A Damkohler number criterion is used to determine the combustion mode in flame containing cells. To consider the change of local fuel vapor mixture composition, a PRF adaptive method is proposed that formulates a relationship between the fuel vapor mixture PRF number (or Octane number) and the fuel vapor mixture composition based on the mean molecular weight and variance of the fuel vapor mixture composition in each cell. The laminar flame speed has been updated to consider multi-component fuel effects, as a function of pressure, temperature, equivalence ratio, residual, and fuel vapor mixture PRF number. To model the chemistry process in the unburned region in front of the flame and in burned regions behind the flame, a recently developed PRF mechanism is used to describe the multi-component fuel mixture. Simulations of the vaporization of a single droplet with a single-component fuel (iso-octane) are compared with multi-component fuel cases. The vaporization of a spray of multi-component fuel injected into a chamber is simulated for both normal and flash-boiling conditions. The new PRF mechanism is validated against shock tube data. In addition, gasoline direct injection engine combustion is simulated at different manifold absolute pressures, different end-offuel injection timings, and different spark ignition timings. The simulated in-cylinder pressures and heat release rates are compared with experiment data and good agreements are found.","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper Series","volume":"","issue":"2009-01-0722","pages":"–01–0722","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2009-01-0722","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z"}}


key: W7XPJLWA
data:
  {"key":"W7XPJLWA","version":392,"data":{"key":"W7XPJLWA","version":392,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"Correlations of Laminar Combustion Data for Alternative S.I. Engine Fuels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Omer L","lastName":"Gulder"}],"abstractNote":"Most of the spark ignition engine cycle simulations use turbulent burning models which require a knowledge of laminar burning velocity of the fuel-air mixture as a function of mixture strength, unburned mixture temperature and pressure. In this work burning velocity data of different alternative spark ignition engine fuels obtained by various workers have been compared and critically evaluated. Empirical and semi-empirical correlations, suitable for cycle simulation studies, are presented for laminar burning velocity as a function of mixture strength, unburned mixture temperature, pressure, and residual gas fraction. Fuels considered include ethanoi, methanoi, alcohol/water blends, isooctane/alcohol blends, propane and isooctane. Experimental data obtained by the present author constitute the major part of the data used in correlations. Published data of other workers and the predictions of theoretical thermo-kinetic models have also been considered in correlations. IN THE SIMULATION of the spark ignition engine cycles, modelling of the turbulent flame propagation presents particular problems [1].* Generally, turbulent flame propagation models are based on laminar burning velocity, turbulence intensity, and one or more scale parameters of turbulence [1-5], ^or a given fuel, laminar burning velocity is a function of the mixture strength, unburned mixture temperature and pressure. However, for engine combustion applications, mass fraction of the residual gases in the fresh mixture should also be taken into account. ^Numbers In brackets designate references at end of paper. The burning velocity, which is also called flame velocity or normal combustion velocity, is the velocity at which unburned fuel-air gas mixture moves through the combustion wave in the direction normal to the wave surface. Although, this definition of the flame velocity is straightforward, the experimental determination of it presents some complications. Different measurement and data evaluation techniques have long been known to produce burning velocity data with significant deviations. Detailed critical reviews of various measurement and data evaluation techniques can be found in [6,7]. It was suggested that closed vessel explosion techniques accompanied by density corrections can give good possibilities for the accurate measurement of burning velocity [b,7]. Although thermokinetic combustion models have recently been quite successful for combustion predictions of simple hydrocarbon fuels [8-11], uncertainties in the rates of the elementary reactions [12], and in transport properties of intermediate oxidation species [13] prevent, at the moment, the use of kinetic models for practical fuels in engine cycle simulations.","date":"1984","proceedingsTitle":"West Coast Internatiana! Meeting & Exposition San Diego, California August 6-9,1984","conferenceName":"","place":"Detroit","publisher":"SAE","volume":"","pages":"","series":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z"}}


key: H2XQVD7P
data:
  {"key":"H2XQVD7P","version":392,"data":{"key":"H2XQVD7P","version":392,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The behaviour of laminar stratified methane / air flames in counterflow","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ruigang","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Simone","lastName":"Hochgreb"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"160","issue":"6","pages":"1070–1082","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.01.023","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.01.023","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"air flames"},{"tag":"counterflow simulation"},{"tag":"strained laminar methane"},{"tag":"stratified combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z"}}


key: XBVKWKAS
data:
  {"key":"XBVKWKAS","version":392,"data":{"key":"XBVKWKAS","version":392,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A Transport Equation Residual Model Incorporating Refined G-Equation and Detailed Chemical Kinetics Combustion Models","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shiyou","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Claudia O","lastName":"Iyer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jianwen","lastName":"Yi"}],"abstractNote":"combustion models has been developed and implemented in the ERC KIVA-3V release2 code for Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine simulations for better predictions of flame propagation. In the transport equation residual model a fictitious species concept is introduced to account for the residual gases in the cylinder, which have a great effect on the laminar flame speed. The residual gases include CO2, H2O and N2 remaining from the previous engine cycle or introduced using EGR. This pseudo species is described by a transport equation. The transport equation residual model differentiates between CO2 and H2O from the previous engine cycle or EGR and that which is from the combustion products of the current engine cycle. The refined G-equation and detailed chemical kinetics include revision of a PRF chemistry mechanism, and introduction of a Damkohler criterion which determines whether the G-equation model or chemical kinetics should be used for assessing the combustion processes in flame-containing cells. Validation of the revised PRF mechanism shows that the calculated ignition delay matches shock tube data very well. The Damkohler criterion is based on a comparison between a laminar flame propagation time scale and the chemical kinetics time scale, and the results from implementation of the Damkohler model range between the G-equation model and pure chemistry, depending on the conditions. The integrated model was used to simulate the combustion process in a Gasoline Turbocharged Direct Injection (GTDI) engine, and the same set of combustion model parameters for both high load and low load were used. For both high load and low load operating conditions, good agreement with experimental in-cylinder pressure, heat release rates and Mass Fraction Burned (MFB) data was obtained.","publicationTitle":"SAE Int. J. Engines","volume":"1","issue":"1","pages":"","date":"2008","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2008-01-2391","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"G-equation"},{"tag":"detailed chemistry"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:11Z"}}


key: DV9YQHG7
data:
  {"key":"DV9YQHG7","version":392,"data":{"key":"DV9YQHG7","version":392,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Structure of laminar premixed flames of methane near the auto-ignition limit","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Peter","lastName":"Habisreuther"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Flavio Cesar Cunha","lastName":"Galeazzo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chockalingam","lastName":"Prathap"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nikolaos","lastName":"Zarzalis"}],"abstractNote":"Auto-ignition and flame propagation are the two different controlling mechanisms for stabilizing the flame in secondary stage combustion in hot vitiated air environment and at elevated pressure. The present work aims at the investigation of the flame stabilization mechanism of flames developing in such an environment. In order to better understand the structure of turbulent flames at inlet temperature well above the auto-ignition temperature, the behavior of laminar flames at those conditions needs to be analyzed. As an alternative to challenging and expensive measurements at high temperature and pressure, the behavior of laminar flames at such conditions can be predicted from theory using mathematical simulation. In the present work, the laminar burning velocities and flame structures of premixed stoichiometric methane/air mixtures for inlet temperatures from 300 to 1450. K and absolute pressures from 1 to 8. bar have been calculated using a freely propagating laminar, one dimensional, planar flame model. The prediction shows that at inlet temperatures below the auto-ignition temperature, the predicted laminar burning velocity which corresponds to the unburned mixture velocity in order to create a steady laminar flame decreases with increase in pressure. When the inlet temperature of the mixture goes well beyond the auto-ignition temperature of the mixture, however, the unburned mixture velocity increases steeply at higher pressure level, because of a complete transition of the flame structure. © 2013 The Combustion Institute.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"160","issue":"12","pages":"2770–2782","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.06.023","ISSN":"00102180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.06.023","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"Auto-ignition"},{"tag":"Freely propagating planar flames"},{"tag":"High temperature combustion"},{"tag":"Ignition delay time"},{"tag":"Laminar burning velocity"},{"tag":"Pressure dependency"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:10Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:10Z"}}


key: ESR9QZMI
data:
  {"key":"ESR9QZMI","version":392,"data":{"key":"ESR9QZMI","version":392,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Modeling Knock in Spark-Ignition Engines Using a G-equation Combustion Model Incorporating Detailed Chemical Kinetics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Long","lastName":"Liang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Claudia O.","lastName":"Iyer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jianwen","lastName":"Yi"}],"abstractNote":"In this paper, knock in a Ford single cylinder directinjection spark-ignition (DISI) engine was modeled and investigated using the KIVA-3V code with a G-equation combustion model coupled with detailed chemical kinetics. The deflagrative turbulent flame propagation was described by the G-equation combustion model. A 22-species, 42-reaction iso-octane (iC8H18) mechanism was adopted to model the auto-ignition process of the gasoline/air/residual-gas mixture ahead of the flame front. The iso-octane mechanism was originally validated by ignition delay tests in a rapid compression machine. In this study, the mechanism was tested by comparing the simulated ignition delay time in a constant volume mesh with the values measured in a shock tube under different initial temperature, pressure and equivalence ratio conditions, and acceptable agreements were obtained. The mechanism was further validated by modeling a gasoline homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine at both low and high engine speeds. The G-equation combustion model was validated on the Ford DISI engine with spark advance and intake manifold pressure sweeps. Based on the model validation, knocking combustion under boost and globally stoichiometric operating conditions was simulated. Finally, knock mitigation strategies using cooled EGR and/or two-stage mixing were assessed based on the numerical analysis.","publicationTitle":"Sae","volume":"2007-01-01","issue":"724","pages":"776–0790","date":"2007","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2007-01-0165","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:10Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:10Z"}}


key: TWWNPZUK
data:
  {"key":"TWWNPZUK","version":392,"data":{"key":"TWWNPZUK","version":392,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"ScienceDirect Effects of hydrogen concentration on premixed laminar flames of hydrogen e methane e air","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ekenechukwu C","lastName":"Okafor"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Akihiro","lastName":"Hayakawa"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yukihide","lastName":"Nagano"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Toshiaki","lastName":"Kitagawa"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"39","issue":"5","pages":"2409–2417","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.11.128","ISSN":"0360-3199","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.11.128","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:10Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:10Z"}}


key: HPYGKMDV
data:
  {"key":"HPYGKMDV","version":392,"data":{"key":"HPYGKMDV","version":392,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Reduction and validation of a chemical kinetic mechanism including necessity analysis and investigation of CH 4 / C 3 H 8 oxidation at pressures up to 120 bar using a rapid compression machine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robert F","lastName":"Pachler"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ajoy K","lastName":"Ramalingam"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K Alexander","lastName":"Heufer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Franz","lastName":"Winter"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"FUEL","volume":"172","issue":"","pages":"139–145","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.12.044","ISSN":"0016-2361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.12.044","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:10Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:10Z"}}


key: S8R2ASG3
data:
  {"key":"S8R2ASG3","version":391,"data":{"key":"S8R2ASG3","version":391,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Comparison and Sensitivity Analysis of Turbulent Flame Speed Closures in the RANS G-Equation Context for Two Distinct Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yuri M","lastName":"Wright"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Konstantinos","lastName":"Boulouchos"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Michele","lastName":"Schiliro"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-2236","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:10Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:10Z"}}


key: 6A8ZMFE4
data:
  {"key":"6A8ZMFE4","version":391,"data":{"key":"6A8ZMFE4","version":391,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Laminar burning speed measurement and flame instability study of H 2 / CO / air mixtures at high temperatures and pressures using a novel multi-shell model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Omid","lastName":"Askari"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ali","lastName":"Moghaddas"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alden","lastName":"Alholm"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kevin","lastName":"Vien"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bander","lastName":"Alhazmi"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"168","issue":"","pages":"20–31","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.03.018","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Flame instability"},{"tag":"Laminar burning speed"},{"tag":"Sch"},{"tag":"Syngas"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:10Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:10Z"}}


key: 25KVW7M6
data:
  {"key":"25KVW7M6","version":391,"data":{"key":"25KVW7M6","version":391,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"An SMLD Joint PDF Model for Turbulent Non-Premixed Combustion Using the Flamelet Progress-Variable Approach","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alessandro","lastName":"Coclite"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Giuseppe","lastName":"Pascazio"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Pietro","lastName":"De Palma"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Luigi","lastName":"Cutrone"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matthias","lastName":"Ihme"}],"abstractNote":"This paper provides an improved flamelet/progress variable (FPV) model for the simulation of turbulent combustion, employing the statistically most likely distribution (SMLD) approach for the joint probability density function (PDF) of the mixture fraction, Ζ, and of the progress parameter, Λ. Steady-state FPV models are built presuming the functional shape of the joint PDF of Ζ and Λ in order to evaluate Favre-averages of thermodynamic quantities. The mixture fraction is widely assumed to behave as a passive scalar with a mono-modal behaviour modelled by a β-distribution. Moreover, under the hypothesis that Ζ and Λ are statistically independent, the joint PDF coincides with the product of the two marginal PDFs. In this work we discuss these two constitutive hypotheses. The proposed model evaluates the most probable joint distribution of Ζ and Λ, relaxing some crucial assumption on their statistical behaviour. This provides a more general model in the context of FPV approach and an effective tool to verify the adequateness of widely used hypotheses. The model is validated versus experimental data of well-known test cases, namely, the Sandia flames. The results are also compared with those obtained by the standard FPV approach, analysing the role of the PDF functional form on turbulent combustion simulations.","publicationTitle":"Flow, Turbulence and Combustion","volume":"95","issue":"1","pages":"97–119","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1007/s10494-015-9609-1","ISSN":"15731987","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"_eprint: 1504.04957","tags":[{"tag":"Methane combustion"},{"tag":"Presumed PDF"},{"tag":"Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations"},{"tag":"Turbulent non-premixed combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:10Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:10Z"}}


key: TGMRH36J
data:
  {"key":"TGMRH36J","version":391,"data":{"key":"TGMRH36J","version":391,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Analysis of the flame thickness of turbulent flamelets in the thin reaction zones regime","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L. P H","lastName":"De Goey"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"T.","lastName":"Plessing"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R. T E","lastName":"Hermanns"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N.","lastName":"Peters"}],"abstractNote":"The thickness of the instantaneous flamelets in a turbulent flame brush on a weak-swirl burner burning in the thin reaction zones regime has been analysed experimentally, theoretically, and numerically. The experimental flame thickness has been measured correlating two simultaneous Rayleigh images and one OH-image from two closely spaced cross sections in the flame. It appears that the low temperature edge of the flame is thickened by turbulent eddies but that these structures cannot penetrate far enough into the flame front to distort the inner layer for the moderate Karlovitz numbers used. The flame front based on the temperature gradient at the inner layer becomes thinner for lean flames and thicker for rich methane-air flames. This has been explained theoretically and numerically by studying the influence of flame stretch and preferential diffusion on the flame thickness. It appears that the flame front thickness at the inner layer (and mass burning rate) is not influenced by turbulent mixing processes, and it seems that eddies of the size of the inner layer have to be used to change this picture. Experiments closer to the boundary of the broken reaction zones regime have to confirm this in the future.","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"30","issue":"1","pages":"859–865","date":"2005","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.016","ISSN":"15407489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.016","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[{"tag":"Flame thickness"},{"tag":"Laser-diagnostics"},{"tag":"Modelling"},{"tag":"Premixed turbulent combustion"},{"tag":"Thin reaction zones regime"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z"}}


key: QBF9M4JG
data:
  {"key":"QBF9M4JG","version":391,"data":{"key":"QBF9M4JG","version":391,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Approximations for Burning Velocities and Markstein Numbers for Lean Hydrocarbon and Methanol Flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"U C","lastName":"Muller"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M","lastName":"Bollig"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N","lastName":"Peters"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"2180","issue":"","pages":"349–356","date":"1997","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z"}}


key: CAVJ65GA
data:
  {"key":"CAVJ65GA","version":391,"data":{"key":"CAVJ65GA","version":391,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental study and modeling of shock tube ignition delay times for hydrogen – oxygen – argon mixtures at low temperatures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"G A","lastName":"Pang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D F","lastName":"Davidson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R K","lastName":"Hanson"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"32","issue":"1","pages":"181–188","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.014","ISSN":"1540-7489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.014","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[{"tag":"hydrogen"},{"tag":"ignition delay time"},{"tag":"oxygen"},{"tag":"shock tube"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z"}}


key: BEF6JXSB
data:
  {"key":"BEF6JXSB","version":391,"data":{"key":"BEF6JXSB","version":391,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The Engineering Oa M Resource For Advancing Mobility A Discussion of Turbulent Flame Structure in Premixed Charges","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"John","lastName":"Abraham"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Forman A","lastName":"Williams"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Frediano V","lastName":"Bracco"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z"}}


key: PAT5IJHF
data:
  {"key":"PAT5IJHF","version":391,"data":{"key":"PAT5IJHF","version":391,"itemType":"bookSection","title":"3. Turbulent Combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F. A.","lastName":"Williams"}],"abstractNote":"","bookTitle":"The Mathematics of Combustion","series":"","seriesNumber":"","volume":"","numberOfVolumes":"","edition":"","place":"","publisher":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","date":"1985-01","pages":"97–131","language":"","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/1.9781611971064.ch3","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"DOI: 10.1137/1.9781611971064.ch3","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z"}}


key: 64DL5DPN
data:
  {"key":"64DL5DPN","version":391,"data":{"key":"64DL5DPN","version":391,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Development of an Improved NO x Reaction Mechanism for Low Temperature Diesel Combustion Modeling","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Takeshi","lastName":"Yoshikawa"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"1","issue":"1","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z"}}


key: ERWX933Y
data:
  {"key":"ERWX933Y","version":390,"data":{"key":"ERWX933Y","version":390,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Laminar premixed flame characteristics of hydrogen blended iso-octane e air e nitrogen mixtures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Toni","lastName":"Tahtouh"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fabien","lastName":"Halter"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Christine","lastName":"Mounaı"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"6","issue":"","pages":"0–6","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.148","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"laminar burning velocity"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z"}}


key: 74ZT2W2W
data:
  {"key":"74ZT2W2W","version":390,"data":{"key":"74ZT2W2W","version":390,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical analysis of the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engines with multiple injection strategies using a modified 2-D flamelet model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gyujin","lastName":"Kim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sunyoung","lastName":"Moon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Seungha","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kyoungdoug","lastName":"Min"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Energies","volume":"10","issue":"9","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.3390/en10091292","ISSN":"19961073","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 8228801661","tags":[{"tag":"CFD"},{"tag":"Collapse method"},{"tag":"Modified 2-D flamelet model"},{"tag":"Multiple injection"},{"tag":"NOxemissions"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z"}}


key: HUVCLI7V
data:
  {"key":"HUVCLI7V","version":390,"data":{"key":"HUVCLI7V","version":390,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Some Basic Issues of the Averaged","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Open","lastName":"Access"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Andrei N","lastName":"Lipatnikov"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"2","pages":"53–58","date":"2008","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z"}}


key: MZZMB3AD
data:
  {"key":"MZZMB3AD","version":390,"data":{"key":"MZZMB3AD","version":390,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Application of a New Turbulent Flame Speed Combustion Model on Burn Rate Simulation of Spark Ignition Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shiyou","lastName":"Yang"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"1","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0588.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:09Z"}}


key: 8PUGTLXQ
data:
  {"key":"8PUGTLXQ","version":390,"data":{"key":"8PUGTLXQ","version":390,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Comparative study on the laminar flame speed enhancement of methane with ethane and ethylene addition","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S.","lastName":"Ravi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"T. G.","lastName":"Sikes"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Morones"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C. L.","lastName":"Keesee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"E. L.","lastName":"Petersen"}],"abstractNote":"A systematic analysis of the flame speed enhancement effects of ethane and ethylene addition to methane was performed. Flame speeds of outwardly propagating spherical flames were measured in a high-pressure, cylindrical flame speed vessel using schlieren photography. It was ensured that the measured data were outside the ignition- and chamber-confinement-affected radii. The unstretched, unburnt flame speeds were obtained using nonlinear extrapolation methods from the experimentally determined stretched flame speeds. The AramcoMech 1.3 kinetics mechanism was validated against flame speeds of ethane, ethylene, and acetylene over a wide range of pressures and equivalence ratios. Good agreement between the measured data and those reported in the literature was seen. The model agreed closely with the measurements at fuel-lean conditions, but a slight over prediction was observed for the fuel-rich cases. Flame speeds of 80/20 and 60/40 (by volume) CH4/C2Hx mixtures in air and in air with excess nitrogen were measured over a wide range of fuel concentrations. In all cases, the addition of ethylene increased the flame speed more than did an equivalent addition of ethane. The Arrhenius effect (predominantly kinetic effect) was the principal driver for flame speed enhancement of methane with ethane/ethylene addition. Sensitivity analysis revealed that thermal and diffusive pathways were equally contributing to the flame speed enhancement of CH4/C2H6 mixtures, but the latter played a comparatively minor role in the C2H4-based blends.","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"35","issue":"1","pages":"679–686","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.130","ISSN":"15407489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.130","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[{"tag":"Acetylene"},{"tag":"Ethane"},{"tag":"Ethylene"},{"tag":"Fuel blends"},{"tag":"Laminar flame speeds"},{"tag":"acetylene"},{"tag":"ethane"},{"tag":"ethylene"},{"tag":"laminar flame speed"},{"tag":"methane"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:08Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:08Z"}}


key: 34MCHSSD
data:
  {"key":"34MCHSSD","version":390,"data":{"key":"34MCHSSD","version":390,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Ignition delay characteristics of methane fuels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L J","lastName":"Spadaccini"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M B","lastName":"Colket"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"20","issue":"5","pages":"431–460","date":"1994","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1285(94)90011-6","ISSN":"0360-1285","shortTitle":"","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0360128594900116","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:08Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:08Z"}}


key: NKMD94RG
data:
  {"key":"NKMD94RG","version":390,"data":{"key":"NKMD94RG","version":390,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The comparative and combined effects of hydrogen addition on the laminar burning velocities of methane and its blends with ethane and propane","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Elna J K","lastName":"Nilsson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Astrid Van","lastName":"Sprang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jenny","lastName":"Larfeldt"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alexander A","lastName":"Konnov"}],"abstractNote":"Laminar burning velocities of hydrocarbon blends of relevance to natural gas combustion, with addition of 0, 10, 35 and 50% hydrogen, were measured using the heat flux method. Hydrocarbon blends were methane (80%)/ethane (20%), methane (80%)/propane (20%) and methane (80%)/ethane (10%)/propane (10%), and in addition experiments were performed using pure methane as a fuel. For the first time it was shown experimentally that hydrogen promotes laminar burning velocity of blends with heavier hydrocarbons to a smaller extent than the well-studied effect on methane. Measurements show that enrichment by hydrogen results in 20–40% lower increase in laminar burning velocity for hydrocarbon blends compared to pure methane, depending on stoichiometry. Modeling points at the importance of increasing concentrations of OH, O and H radicals in H2 enriched flames. At lean conditions increase in H atom concentration is of particular importance. The results are rationalized based on asymptotic flame theory analysis.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"189","issue":"","pages":"369–376","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.103","ISSN":"0016-2361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.103","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"laminar burning velocity"},{"tag":"laminar flame speed"},{"tag":"methane: ethane"},{"tag":"propane"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:08Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:08Z"}}


key: 8EJR582V
data:
  {"key":"8EJR582V","version":390,"data":{"key":"8EJR582V","version":390,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A high pressure experimental and numerical study of methane ignition","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hilal El","lastName":"Merhubi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alan","lastName":"Kéromnès"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gianni","lastName":"Catalano"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Benoîte","lastName":"Lefort"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Luis Le","lastName":"Moyne"}],"abstractNote":"A high pressure shock tube ‘‘HPST” has been designed and validated for the purpose of chemical kinetics studies at elevated pressures and temperatures. Using this facility, auto-ignition investigations are con- ducted for methane at 10, 20 and 40 bar and temperatures from 1400 K up to 2000 K. Three equivalence ratios (/ = 0.5, 1 and 2) for a methane/oxygen/argon mixture were studied in this paper under diluted conditions (argon \\textgreater 90%). Experimental data showed good agreement with previous literature measure- ments and predictions from three different chemical kinetic models (Aramco Mech 1.3, USC Mech II and GRI Mech 3.0) commonly used in the literature, which confirms the quality of the experimental data obtained with the new high pressure shock tube and allows the expansion of the validation range of the mechanisms for ignition delay times to higher pressures. The investigations performed to explain the differences observed for ignition delay times predictions highlighted an important sensitivity of the USC mechanism predictions to equivalence ratio and an important sensitivity to CH3 +O2 reactions. Finally, the impact of pressure and equivalence ratio on ignition delay time is evaluated over a broad range of pressure (1–50 bar) and equivalence ratio (/ = 0.2–3).","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"177","issue":"","pages":"164–172","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.03.016","ISSN":"0016-2361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.03.016","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"auto-ignition"},{"tag":"high pressure"},{"tag":"ignition delay"},{"tag":"methane"},{"tag":"shock-tube"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:08Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:08Z"}}


key: SQ39354Z
data:
  {"key":"SQ39354Z","version":390,"data":{"key":"SQ39354Z","version":390,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Flow field studies of a new series of turbulent premixed stratified flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F","lastName":"Seffrin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F","lastName":"Fuest"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D","lastName":"Geyer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A","lastName":"Dreizler"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"157","issue":"2","pages":"384–396","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.09.001","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.09.001","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"lean premixed combustion"},{"tag":"stratified combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:08Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:08Z"}}


key: WLXF3M6S
data:
  {"key":"WLXF3M6S","version":389,"data":{"key":"WLXF3M6S","version":389,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"In situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) for combustion chemistry in a network of perfectly stirred reactors (PSRs) for the investigation of soot formation and growth","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sudip","lastName":"Adhikari"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alan","lastName":"Sayre"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Abhilash J.","lastName":"Chandy"}],"abstractNote":"This paper presents an efficient computational implementation of the in situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) approach (Pope, 1997) for combustion chemistry in a network of perfectly stirred reactors (PSRs) for the investigation of soot formation and growth. This study, for the first time, extends the thermochemical composition vector to contain the soot moments, using the method of moments with interpolative closure (MOMIC) as a soot model with six concentration moments. A series of PSR calculations is carried out using the direct integration (DI) and ISAT approaches. Assessment of the accuracy of ISAT approach is conducted through direct comparisons with DI calculations. Moreover, complimentary cumulative distribution function (CCDF), sensitivity of ISAT calculations with respect to the absolute error tolerance values and speedup are analyzed for two different test cases of ethylene–air using two different chemical kinetic mechanisms. A maximum speedup of 50 × was achieved for an error tolerance of 10−4.","publicationTitle":"Computers and Chemical Engineering","volume":"113","issue":"","pages":"196–208","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.compchemeng.2018.03.007","ISSN":"00981354","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2016.11.023","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Complimentary cumulative distribution function"},{"tag":"Direct integration"},{"tag":"ISAT"},{"tag":"Perfectly stirred reactor"},{"tag":"Reaction mapping gradient"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:08Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:08Z"}}


key: NG99JUZW
data:
  {"key":"NG99JUZW","version":389,"data":{"key":"NG99JUZW","version":389,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Ignition of turbulent non-premixed flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Epaminondas","lastName":"Mastorakos"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"35","issue":"1","pages":"57–97","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.pecs.2008.07.002","ISSN":"0360-1285","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2008.07.002","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"turbulent non-premixed"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:08Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:08Z"}}


key: X32KN3Y6
data:
  {"key":"X32KN3Y6","version":389,"data":{"key":"X32KN3Y6","version":389,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Novel perspectives on the dynamics of premixed flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ralf S","lastName":"Blumenthal"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Priya","lastName":"Subramanian"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R I","lastName":"Sujith"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wolfgang","lastName":"Polifke"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"160","issue":"7","pages":"1215–1224","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.02.005","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.02.005","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"Cutoff behavior"},{"tag":"Excess gain"},{"tag":"Flame transfer function"},{"tag":"Impulse response"},{"tag":"Linearized G-equation"},{"tag":"Premixed flame"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:08Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:08Z"}}


key: DBQ62A8D
data:
  {"key":"DBQ62A8D","version":389,"data":{"key":"DBQ62A8D","version":389,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Turbulent Flame speed and thickness : phenomenology , evaluation , and application in multi-dimensional simulations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A N","lastName":"Lipatnikov"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J","lastName":"Chomiak"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"28","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2002","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"- see front matter"},{"tag":"02"},{"tag":"0360-1285"},{"tag":"1 46-31-1809-76"},{"tag":"1 46-31-772-1400"},{"tag":"all rights reserved"},{"tag":"ame speed"},{"tag":"chalmers"},{"tag":"chomiak"},{"tag":"comb"},{"tag":"corresponding author"},{"tag":"e-mail address"},{"tag":"fax"},{"tag":"j"},{"tag":"ltd"},{"tag":"numerical simulations"},{"tag":"phenomenology"},{"tag":"premixed turbulent combustion"},{"tag":"q 2001 elsevier science"},{"tag":"se"},{"tag":"tel"},{"tag":"tfd"},{"tag":"turbulent"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:07Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:07Z"}}


key: AUTUEUDW
data:
  {"key":"AUTUEUDW","version":389,"data":{"key":"AUTUEUDW","version":389,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A G-equation formulation for large-eddy simulation of premixed turbulent combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"By H","lastName":"Pitsch"}],"abstractNote":"A G-equation formulation for large-eddy simulation of premixed turbulent combustion","publicationTitle":"Center for Turbulence Research Annual Research Briefs","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"4–7","date":"2002","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:07Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:07Z"}}


key: XT5AFL3I
data:
  {"key":"XT5AFL3I","version":389,"data":{"key":"XT5AFL3I","version":389,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A Continuous Multicomponent Fuel Flame Propagation and","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shiyou","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"132","issue":"July 2010","pages":"","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1115/1.4000267","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"continuous multicomponent fuel model"},{"tag":"de-"},{"tag":"flame propagation"},{"tag":"g-equation"},{"tag":"tailed chemical kinetics"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:07Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:07Z"}}


key: KCCK53FF
data:
  {"key":"KCCK53FF","version":389,"data":{"key":"KCCK53FF","version":389,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"ScienceDirect Shock tube and kinetic study of C 2 H 6 / H 2 / O 2 / Ar mixtures at elevated pressures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Lun","lastName":"Pan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yingjia","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jiaxiang","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zemin","lastName":"Tian"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zuohua","lastName":"Huang"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"39","issue":"11","pages":"6024–6033","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.01.157","ISSN":"0360-3199","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.01.157","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:07Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:07Z"}}


key: ZSN3G2N7
data:
  {"key":"ZSN3G2N7","version":389,"data":{"key":"ZSN3G2N7","version":389,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental assessment of various methods of determination of laminar flame speed in experiments with expanding spherical flames with positive Markstein lengths","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Andrei N","lastName":"Lipatnikov"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shenqyang S","lastName":"Shy"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wun-yi","lastName":"Li"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"162","issue":"7","pages":"2840–2854","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.04.003","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.04.003","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:07Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:07Z"}}


key: MXURUJLY
data:
  {"key":"MXURUJLY","version":389,"data":{"key":"MXURUJLY","version":389,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"Correlations of Laminar Combustion Data for Alternative S.I. Engine Fuels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Omer L","lastName":"Gulder"}],"abstractNote":"Most of the spark ignition engine cycle simulations use turbulent burning models which require a knowledge of laminar burning velocity of the fuel-air mixture as a function of mixture strength, unburned mixture temperature and pressure. In this work burning velocity data of different alternative spark ignition engine fuels obtained by various workers have been compared and critically evaluated. Empirical and semi-empirical correlations, suitable for cycle simulation studies, are presented for laminar burning velocity as a function of mixture strength, unburned mixture temperature, pressure, and residual gas fraction. Fuels considered include ethanoi, methanoi, alcohol/water blends, isooctane/alcohol blends, propane and isooctane. Experimental data obtained by the present author constitute the major part of the data used in correlations. Published data of other workers and the predictions of theoretical thermo-kinetic models have also been considered in correlations. IN THE SIMULATION of the spark ignition engine cycles, modelling of the turbulent flame propagation presents particular problems [1].* Generally, turbulent flame propagation models are based on laminar burning velocity, turbulence intensity, and one or more scale parameters of turbulence [1-5], ^or a given fuel, laminar burning velocity is a function of the mixture strength, unburned mixture temperature and pressure. However, for engine combustion applications, mass fraction of the residual gases in the fresh mixture should also be taken into account. ^Numbers In brackets designate references at end of paper. The burning velocity, which is also called flame velocity or normal combustion velocity, is the velocity at which unburned fuel-air gas mixture moves through the combustion wave in the direction normal to the wave surface. Although, this definition of the flame velocity is straightforward, the experimental determination of it presents some complications. Different measurement and data evaluation techniques have long been known to produce burning velocity data with significant deviations. Detailed critical reviews of various measurement and data evaluation techniques can be found in [6,7]. It was suggested that closed vessel explosion techniques accompanied by density corrections can give good possibilities for the accurate measurement of burning velocity [b,7]. Although thermokinetic combustion models have recently been quite successful for combustion predictions of simple hydrocarbon fuels [8-11], uncertainties in the rates of the elementary reactions [12], and in transport properties of intermediate oxidation species [13] prevent, at the moment, the use of kinetic models for practical fuels in engine cycle simulations.","date":"1984","proceedingsTitle":"West Coast Internatiana! Meeting & Exposition San Diego, California August 6-9,1984","conferenceName":"","place":"Detroit","publisher":"SAE","volume":"","pages":"","series":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:07Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:07Z"}}


key: HSUC6GEG
data:
  {"key":"HSUC6GEG","version":388,"data":{"key":"HSUC6GEG","version":388,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Homogenization of the g-equation with incompressible random drift in two dimensions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"James","lastName":"Nolen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alexei","lastName":"Novikov"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Communications in Mathematical Sciences","volume":"0","issue":"1","pages":"1–26","date":"2010","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"_eprint: arXiv:1011.0016v1","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:06Z"}}


key: RAVLD68Z
data:
  {"key":"RAVLD68Z","version":388,"data":{"key":"RAVLD68Z","version":388,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"SAE TECHNICAL A Reduced Reaction Mechanism for Predicting Knock in Dual-Fuel Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S C","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F A","lastName":"Williams"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Sae Technical Paper Series","volume":"","issue":"724","pages":"","date":"2000","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2000-01-0957","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:06Z"}}


key: IVX4IEPT
data:
  {"key":"IVX4IEPT","version":388,"data":{"key":"IVX4IEPT","version":388,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Linear response of stretch-affected premixed flames to flow oscillations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H Y","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C K","lastName":"Law"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"T","lastName":"Lieuwen"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"156","issue":"4","pages":"889–895","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.01.012","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.01.012","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"acoustic-flame interaction"},{"tag":"combustion instabilities"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:06Z"}}


key: 44IE5F8E
data:
  {"key":"44IE5F8E","version":388,"data":{"key":"44IE5F8E","version":388,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A G-equation formulation for large-eddy simulation of premixed turbulent combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"By H","lastName":"Pitsch"}],"abstractNote":"A G-equation formulation for large-eddy simulation of premixed turbulent combustion","publicationTitle":"Center for Turbulence Research Annual Research Briefs","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"4–7","date":"2002","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:06Z"}}


key: JS9EMIIL
data:
  {"key":"JS9EMIIL","version":388,"data":{"key":"JS9EMIIL","version":388,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Auto-ignitions of a methane / air mixture at high and intermediate","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"V V","lastName":"Leschevich"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"V V","lastName":"Martynenko"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"O G","lastName":"Penyazkov"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K L","lastName":"Sevrouk"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S I","lastName":"Shabunya"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Shock Waves","volume":"26","issue":"5","pages":"657–672","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1007/s00193-016-0665-9","ISSN":"1432-2153","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg","tags":[{"tag":"Auto-ignition"},{"tag":"High-speed visualization"},{"tag":"Induction time"},{"tag":"Methane"},{"tag":"Rapid compression machine"},{"tag":"Shock tube"},{"tag":"Ultrafine particles"},{"tag":"auto-ignition"},{"tag":"high-speed visualization"},{"tag":"induction time"},{"tag":"methane"},{"tag":"rapid compression machine"},{"tag":"shock tube"},{"tag":"ultrafine particles"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:06Z"}}


key: GL5G9H7U
data:
  {"key":"GL5G9H7U","version":388,"data":{"key":"GL5G9H7U","version":388,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The comparative and combined effects of hydrogen addition on the laminar burning velocities of methane and its blends with ethane and propane","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Elna J K","lastName":"Nilsson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Astrid Van","lastName":"Sprang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jenny","lastName":"Larfeldt"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alexander A","lastName":"Konnov"}],"abstractNote":"Laminar burning velocities of hydrocarbon blends of relevance to natural gas combustion, with addition of 0, 10, 35 and 50% hydrogen, were measured using the heat flux method. Hydrocarbon blends were methane (80%)/ethane (20%), methane (80%)/propane (20%) and methane (80%)/ethane (10%)/propane (10%), and in addition experiments were performed using pure methane as a fuel. For the first time it was shown experimentally that hydrogen promotes laminar burning velocity of blends with heavier hydrocarbons to a smaller extent than the well-studied effect on methane. Measurements show that enrichment by hydrogen results in 20–40% lower increase in laminar burning velocity for hydrocarbon blends compared to pure methane, depending on stoichiometry. Modeling points at the importance of increasing concentrations of OH, O and H radicals in H2 enriched flames. At lean conditions increase in H atom concentration is of particular importance. The results are rationalized based on asymptotic flame theory analysis.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"189","issue":"","pages":"369–376","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.103","ISSN":"0016-2361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.103","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"laminar burning velocity"},{"tag":"laminar flame speed"},{"tag":"methane: ethane"},{"tag":"propane"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:06Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:06Z"}}


key: SDAELX28
data:
  {"key":"SDAELX28","version":411,"data":{"key":"SDAELX28","version":411,"itemType":"document","title":"OpenFOAM Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulations of Two-Phase Flow and Mass Transfer in an Advanced-Flow Reactor","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"María José","lastName":"Nieves-Remacha"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Lu","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Klavs F.","lastName":"Jensen"}],"abstractNote":"","publisher":"","date":"2015","language":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00480","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISSN: 0888-5885\nIssue: 26\nPages: 6649–6659\nPublication Title: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research\nVolume: 54\nDOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00480","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z"}}


key: EMMA7GLT
data:
  {"key":"EMMA7GLT","version":411,"data":{"key":"EMMA7GLT","version":411,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental and modeling study on auto-ignition characteristics of methane / hydrogen blends under engine relevant pressure","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yingjia","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xue","lastName":"Jiang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Liangjie","lastName":"Wei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jiaxiang","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chenglong","lastName":"Tang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zuohua","lastName":"Huang"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"37","issue":"24","pages":"19168–19176","date":"2012","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.09.056","ISSN":"0360-3199","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.09.056","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z"}}


key: JHIDTT9W
data:
  {"key":"JHIDTT9W","version":410,"data":{"key":"JHIDTT9W","version":410,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Exhaust gas recirculation effects on flame structure and laminar burning speeds of H 2 / CO / air flames at high pressures and temperatures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Omid","lastName":"Askari"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kevin","lastName":"Vien"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ziyu","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matteo","lastName":"Sirio"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hameed","lastName":"Metghalchi"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Applied Energy","volume":"179","issue":"","pages":"451–462","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.118","ISSN":"0306-2619","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.118","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z"}}


key: Z7KSF49E
data:
  {"key":"Z7KSF49E","version":410,"data":{"key":"Z7KSF49E","version":410,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A Hierarchical and Comparative Kinetic Modeling Study of C1 − C2 Hydrocarbon and Oxygenated Fuels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wayne K","lastName":"Metcalfe"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sinéad M","lastName":"Burke"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Syed S","lastName":"Ahmed"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Henry J","lastName":"Curran"}],"abstractNote":"A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism has been developed to describe the oxidation of small hydrocarbon and oxygenated hydrocarbon species. The reactivity of these small fuels and intermediates is of critical importance in understanding and accurately describing the combustion characteristics, such as ignition delay time, flame speed, and emissions of practical fuels. The chosen rate expressions have been assembled through critical evaluation of the literature, with minimum optimization performed. The mechanism has been validated over a wide range of initial conditions and experimental devices, including flow reactor, shock tube, jet-stirred reactor, and flame studies. The current mechanism contains accurate kinetic descriptions for saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, namely methane, ethane, ethylene, and acetylene, and oxygenated species; formaldehyde, methanol, acetaldehyde, and ethanol.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Chemical Kinetics","volume":"45","issue":"10","pages":"638–675","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1002/kin.20802","ISSN":"1097-4601","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.20802","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z"}}


key: VES5Y3VX
data:
  {"key":"VES5Y3VX","version":410,"data":{"key":"VES5Y3VX","version":410,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Phenomenology of methane flame propagation into compositionally stratified , gradually richer mixtures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Taekyu","lastName":"Kang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Dimitrios C","lastName":"Kyritsis"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"32","issue":"1","pages":"979–985","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.007","ISSN":"1540-7489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.007","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[{"tag":"flame propagation"},{"tag":"flame stability"},{"tag":"laminar flame speed"},{"tag":"stratified combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z"}}


key: RSU5NZ3G
data:
  {"key":"RSU5NZ3G","version":410,"data":{"key":"RSU5NZ3G","version":410,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Algorithms for Ellipsoids","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"SB Stephen B","lastName":"Pope"}],"abstractNote":"We describe a number of algorithms to perform basic geometric operations on ellipsoids in n spatial dimensions, for n ¸ 1. These algorithms are im- plemented in ELL LIB, a library of Fortran subroutines. With E, E1 and E2 being given ellipsoids, and p a given point, the tasks considered include: determine the point in E which is closest to p or furthest from p; grow or shrink E so that its boundary intersects p; project E onto a given a±ne space; determine a separating hyperplane between E1 and E2; determine an ellipsoid (of small volume) which covers E1 and E2.","publicationTitle":"Cornell University Report No. FDA","volume":"","issue":"February","pages":"47","date":"2008","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://tcg.mae.cornell.edu/pubs/Pope{\\_}FDA{\\_}08.pdf","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z"}}


key: EAYF8QPH
data:
  {"key":"EAYF8QPH","version":410,"data":{"key":"EAYF8QPH","version":410,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Laminar flame speed and Markstein length of syngas at normal and elevated pressures and temperatures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yuhua","lastName":"Ai"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhen","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zheng","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wenjun","lastName":"Kong"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"FUEL","volume":"137","issue":"","pages":"339–345","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2014.08.004","ISSN":"0016-2361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.08.004","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z"}}


key: UK7KIXMV
data:
  {"key":"UK7KIXMV","version":410,"data":{"key":"UK7KIXMV","version":410,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Laminar flame speeds of moist syngas mixtures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Apurba K","lastName":"Das"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kamal","lastName":"Kumar"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chih-jen","lastName":"Sung"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"158","issue":"2","pages":"345–353","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.09.004","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.09.004","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z"}}


key: 5K7CGWRI
data:
  {"key":"5K7CGWRI","version":410,"data":{"key":"5K7CGWRI","version":410,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Modeling and 3D-Simulation of the Kinetic Effects in the Post-Flame Region of Turbulent Premixed Flames Based on the G-Equation Approach","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"E","lastName":"Schneider"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A","lastName":"Sadiki"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J","lastName":"Janicka"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Flow, Turbulence and Combustion","volume":"75","issue":"","pages":"191–216","date":"2005","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"conditioned progress variable approach"},{"tag":"cpva"},{"tag":"g-equation"},{"tag":"premixed combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z"}}


key: AUWRFH8S
data:
  {"key":"AUWRFH8S","version":410,"data":{"key":"AUWRFH8S","version":410,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Integration of a Continuous Multi-Component Fuel Evaporation Model with an Improved G-Equation Combustion and Detailed Chemical Kinetics Model with Application to GDI Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shiyou","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"A continuous multi-component fuel evaporation model has been integrated with an improved G-equation combustion and detailed chemical kinetics model. The integrated code has been successfully used to simulate a gasoline direct injection engine. In the multi-component fuel model, the theory of continuous thermodynamics is used to model the properties and composition of multicomponent fuels such as gasoline. In the improved Gequation combustion model a flamelet approach based on the G-equation is used that considers multicomponent fuel effects. To precisely calculate the local and instantaneous residual which has a great effect on the laminar flame speed, a transport equation residual model is used. A Damkohler number criterion is used to determine the combustion mode in flame containing cells. To consider the change of local fuel vapor mixture composition, a PRF adaptive method is proposed that formulates a relationship between the fuel vapor mixture PRF number (or Octane number) and the fuel vapor mixture composition based on the mean molecular weight and variance of the fuel vapor mixture composition in each cell. The laminar flame speed has been updated to consider multi-component fuel effects, as a function of pressure, temperature, equivalence ratio, residual, and fuel vapor mixture PRF number. To model the chemistry process in the unburned region in front of the flame and in burned regions behind the flame, a recently developed PRF mechanism is used to describe the multi-component fuel mixture. Simulations of the vaporization of a single droplet with a single-component fuel (iso-octane) are compared with multi-component fuel cases. The vaporization of a spray of multi-component fuel injected into a chamber is simulated for both normal and flash-boiling conditions. The new PRF mechanism is validated against shock tube data. In addition, gasoline direct injection engine combustion is simulated at different manifold absolute pressures, different end-offuel injection timings, and different spark ignition timings. The simulated in-cylinder pressures and heat release rates are compared with experiment data and good agreements are found.","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper Series","volume":"","issue":"2009-01-0722","pages":"–01–0722","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2009-01-0722","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:27Z"}}


key: SU3BZELW
data:
  {"key":"SU3BZELW","version":410,"data":{"key":"SU3BZELW","version":410,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Implementation and improvement of ISAT in HCCI engine multidimensional modeling with detailed chemical kinetics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M","lastName":"Jia"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M.-Z.","lastName":"Xie"}],"abstractNote":"In situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) has been implemented into homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine multidimensional modeling with detailed chemical kinetics, and the performance of ISAT was discussed. The results showed that ISAT could reduce the computational time remarkably, and control the global error efficiently. Taking into account of the characteristics of chemical reactions during HCCI engine combustion process, an enhanced approach, the partial ISAT (PaISAT) is presented, and it can significantly improve the accuracy and speed-up factor. Moreover, the required memory of ISAT is reduced due to adoption of dynamic trimming technique.","publicationTitle":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":"24","issue":"1","pages":"9–14","date":"2006","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2008-01-0978","ISSN":"10000909","shortTitle":"","url":"http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33645450533{\\&}partnerID=40{\\&}rel=R8.2.0","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Chemical kinetics model"},{"tag":"Homogeneous charge compression ignition engine"},{"tag":"In situ adaptive tabulation"},{"tag":"Storage/retrieve approach"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z"}}


key: 43NGSKWZ
data:
  {"key":"43NGSKWZ","version":410,"data":{"key":"43NGSKWZ","version":410,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The ignition, combustion and flame structure of carbon monoxide/hydrogen mixtures. Note 1: Detailed kinetic modeling of syngas combustion also in presence of nitrogen compounds","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Frassoldati"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"T.","lastName":"Faravelli"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"E.","lastName":"Ranzi"}],"abstractNote":"The kinetic characterization of the H2 / CO system is of interest right now due mainly to its role in sustainable combustion processes. The aim of this paper is to revise and validate a detailed kinetic model of hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture combustion with particular focus not only on NOx formation but also on interactions with nitrogen species. Model predictions and experimental measurements are discussed and compared across a wide range of operating conditions. This study moves from the detailed analysis of species profiles in syngas oxidation in flow reactor and laminar premixed flames to global combustion properties (ignition delay times and laminar flame speeds) by referring to a large set of literature data. According to recent literature, the validation of the kinetic scheme confirmed there was a need to slightly modify the kinetic parameters of two relevant CO2 formation reactions (CO + OH = CO2 + H and CO + O + M = CO2 + M) and of reaction HONO + OH = NO2 + H2 O. ?? 2007 International Association for Hydrogen Energy.","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"32","issue":"15 SPEC. ISS.","pages":"3471–3485","date":"2007","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.01.011","ISSN":"03603199","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0360-3199","tags":[{"tag":"Combustion modeling"},{"tag":"Flame speed"},{"tag":"Ignition delay"},{"tag":"NOx formation"},{"tag":"Syngas flames"},{"tag":"Syngas kinetics"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z"}}


key: N4SQERPP
data:
  {"key":"N4SQERPP","version":409,"data":{"key":"N4SQERPP","version":409,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Differential equation based constrained reinitialization for level set methods","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Daniel","lastName":"Hartmann"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matthias","lastName":"Meinke"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wolfgang","lastName":"Schro"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"227","issue":"","pages":"6821–6845","date":"2008","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.jcp.2008.03.040","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"distance function"},{"tag":"eikonal equation"},{"tag":"g equation"},{"tag":"localized level set method"},{"tag":"reinitialization"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z"}}


key: AAVXA24I
data:
  {"key":"AAVXA24I","version":409,"data":{"key":"AAVXA24I","version":409,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"An ignition delay and kinetic modeling study of methane , dimethyl ether , and their mixtures at high pressures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ultan","lastName":"Burke"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kieran P","lastName":"Somers"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Peter O","lastName":"Toole"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chis M","lastName":"Zinner"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nicolas","lastName":"Marquet"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gilles","lastName":"Bourque"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Eric L","lastName":"Petersen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wayne K","lastName":"Metcalfe"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zeynep","lastName":"Serinyel"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Henry J","lastName":"Curran"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"162","issue":"2","pages":"315–330","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.08.014","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.08.014","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z"}}


key: XTSTXJVS
data:
  {"key":"XTSTXJVS","version":409,"data":{"key":"XTSTXJVS","version":409,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Improvements to Combustion Models for Modeling Spark-Ignition Engines Using the G -equation and Detailed Chemical Kinetics COMBUSTION MODELS","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shiyou","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Claudia O","lastName":"Iyer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jianwen","lastName":"Yi"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.","volume":"1","issue":"1","pages":"1009–1025","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2008-01-1634","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z"}}


key: QSTAEACA
data:
  {"key":"QSTAEACA","version":409,"data":{"key":"QSTAEACA","version":409,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A G -equation Combustion Model Incorporating Detailed Chemical Kinetics for PFI / DI SI Engine Simulations G -equation description of turbulent","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Long","lastName":"Liang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jianwen","lastName":"Yi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Claudia O","lastName":"Iyer"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2006","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z"}}


key: IGDI9ZLK
data:
  {"key":"IGDI9ZLK","version":409,"data":{"key":"IGDI9ZLK","version":409,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Ignition and kinetic modeling of methane and ethane fuel blends with oxygen : A design of experiments approach","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Christopher J","lastName":"Aul"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wayne K","lastName":"Metcalfe"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sinéad M","lastName":"Burke"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Henry J","lastName":"Curran"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Eric L","lastName":"Petersen"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"160","issue":"7","pages":"1153–1167","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.01.019","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.01.019","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"Chemical kinetics"},{"tag":"High pressure"},{"tag":"Ignition delay times"},{"tag":"Natural gas"},{"tag":"Shock tube"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z"}}


key: PM9Q5E7Q
data:
  {"key":"PM9Q5E7Q","version":409,"data":{"key":"PM9Q5E7Q","version":409,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"E ff ects of natural gas injection timing and split pilot fuel injection strategy on the combustion performance and emissions in a dual-fuel engine fueled with diesel and natural gas","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ke","lastName":"Zeng"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"168","issue":"February","pages":"162–169","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.enconman.2018.04.091","ISSN":"0196-8904","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.04.091","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[{"tag":"Dual-fuel"},{"tag":"Emissions"},{"tag":"Natural gas injection timing"},{"tag":"Performance"},{"tag":"Split pilot fuel injection"},{"tag":"natural gas injection timing"},{"tag":"split pilot fuel injection"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z"}}


key: MSPJAQ8L
data:
  {"key":"MSPJAQ8L","version":409,"data":{"key":"MSPJAQ8L","version":409,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The Computation of Constrained and Unconstrained Equilibrium Compositions of Ideal Gas Mixtures using Gibbs Function Continuation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stephen B.","lastName":"Pope"}],"abstractNote":"We consider the computation of the chemical-equilibrium state of an ideal gas mixture of given elemental composition, with and without linear constraints on the species present. While computer programs to solve these problems have been available for over thirty years, it has been found that they are not always successful in determining the chemical equilibrium state when constraints are present. In this paper the constrained equilibrium problem is examined in detail. It is shown that the specified constraints can be replaced by a (generally simpler) set of reduced constraints. For fixed temperature and pressure, the equilibrium composition is that which minimizes the Gibbs function subject to these constraints. The solution to this minimization problem is known in terms of Lagrange multipliers (or constraint potentials), which are determined as the solution to a set of non-linear equations. It is shown that Newton's method can fail to obtain the solution because the iteration matrix can be singular. The new method of Gibbs function continu- ation is introduced which is guaranteed to obtain the solution. Based on this, a practical algorithm is presented which has been implemented and tested in a Fortran code. It is claimed that this algorithm is assured to determine the (constrained or unconstrained) equilibrium state for all well-posed problems.","publicationTitle":"Cornell University Report FDA","volume":"03","issue":"","pages":"–02","date":"2003","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: FDA 03-02","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z"}}


key: 26YNJ3WS
data:
  {"key":"26YNJ3WS","version":409,"data":{"key":"26YNJ3WS","version":409,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Shock tube determination of ignition delay times in full-blend and surrogate fuel mixtures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"B. M.","lastName":"Gauthier"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D. F.","lastName":"Davidson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R. K.","lastName":"Hanson"}],"abstractNote":"Autoignition characteristics of n-heptane/air, gasoline/air, and ternary surrogate/air mixtures were studied behind reflected shock waves in a high-pressure, low-temperature regime similar to that found in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine cycles. The range of experiments covered combustion of fuel in air for lean, stoichiometric, and rich mixtures (??=0.5, 1.0, 2.0), two pressure ranges (15-25 and 45-60 atm), temperatures from 850 to 1280 K, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) loadings of (0, 20, and 30%). The ignition delay time measurements in n-heptane are in good agreement with the shock tube study of Fieweger et al. (Proc. Combust. Inst. 25 (1994) 1579-1585) and support the observation of a pronounced, low-temperature, NTC region. Strong agreement was seen between ignition delay time measurements for RD387 gasoline and surrogate (63% iso-octane/20% toluene/17% n-heptane by liquid volume) over the full range of experimental conditions studied. Ignition delay time measurements under fuel-lean (??=0.5) mixture conditions were longer than with ??=1.0 mixtures at both the low- (15-25 atm) and high- (45-60 atm) pressure conditions. Ignition delay times in fuel-rich (??=2.0) mixtures for both gasoline and surrogate were indistinguishable in the low-pressure (15-25 atm) range, but were clearly shorter at high-pressures (45-60 atm). EGR loading affected the ignition delay times similarly for both gasoline and surrogate, with clear trends indicating an increase in ignition delay time with increased EGR loading. This data set should provide benchmark targets for detailed mechanism validation and refinement under HCCI conditions. ?? 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"139","issue":"4","pages":"300–311","date":"2004","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.08.015","ISSN":"00102180","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0010-2180","tags":[{"tag":"Gasoline"},{"tag":"Gasoline surrogate"},{"tag":"Ignition times"},{"tag":"Shock tube"},{"tag":"n-Heptane"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z"}}


key: U9NL6BZH
data:
  {"key":"U9NL6BZH","version":409,"data":{"key":"U9NL6BZH","version":409,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"In situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) for combustion chemistry in a network of perfectly stirred reactors (PSRs) for the investigation of soot formation and growth","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sudip","lastName":"Adhikari"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alan","lastName":"Sayre"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Abhilash J.","lastName":"Chandy"}],"abstractNote":"This paper presents an efficient computational implementation of the in situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) approach (Pope, 1997) for combustion chemistry in a network of perfectly stirred reactors (PSRs) for the investigation of soot formation and growth. This study, for the first time, extends the thermochemical composition vector to contain the soot moments, using the method of moments with interpolative closure (MOMIC) as a soot model with six concentration moments. A series of PSR calculations is carried out using the direct integration (DI) and ISAT approaches. Assessment of the accuracy of ISAT approach is conducted through direct comparisons with DI calculations. Moreover, complimentary cumulative distribution function (CCDF), sensitivity of ISAT calculations with respect to the absolute error tolerance values and speedup are analyzed for two different test cases of ethylene–air using two different chemical kinetic mechanisms. A maximum speedup of 50 × was achieved for an error tolerance of 10−4.","publicationTitle":"Computers and Chemical Engineering","volume":"113","issue":"","pages":"196–208","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.compchemeng.2018.03.007","ISSN":"00981354","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2016.11.023","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Complimentary cumulative distribution function"},{"tag":"Direct integration"},{"tag":"ISAT"},{"tag":"Perfectly stirred reactor"},{"tag":"Reaction mapping gradient"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:26Z"}}


key: KX5I4C3Y
data:
  {"key":"KX5I4C3Y","version":408,"data":{"key":"KX5I4C3Y","version":408,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Improvements to Combustion Models for Modeling Spark-Ignition Engines Using the G -equation and Detailed Chemical Kinetics COMBUSTION MODELS","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shiyou","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Claudia O","lastName":"Iyer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jianwen","lastName":"Yi"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.","volume":"1","issue":"1","pages":"1009–1025","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2008-01-1634","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z"}}


key: JMPXBPCF
data:
  {"key":"JMPXBPCF","version":408,"data":{"key":"JMPXBPCF","version":408,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The propagation of a laminar reaction front during end-gas auto-ignition","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jason B.","lastName":"Martz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"George A.","lastName":"Lavoie"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hong G.","lastName":"Im"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robert J.","lastName":"Middleton"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Aristotelis","lastName":"Babajimopoulos"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Dionissios N.","lastName":"Assanis"}],"abstractNote":"A transient, one dimensional premixed laminar reaction front is used as a model problem to further understand the physical processes influencing reaction front propagation during the various stages of spark-assisted compression ignition (SACI) combustion for both constant and variable domain pressures. This approach is consistent with the wrinkled laminar flame representation of turbulent, spark ignited engine combustion. With the proper choice of timescales and pressure rise rate, it applies to the interaction of the flame with auto-igniting end-gas in a typical automotive engine. Under the conditions simulated by a transient flame code, the reaction front begins as a deflagration, propagating into an end-gas with an initially negligible level of reaction progress. The diffusive-reactive nature of the front is maintained until significant levels of end-gas reaction progress, where the burning velocity depends upon the degree of pre-reaction. At the time of the end-gas maximum chemical power, the maximum temperature gradient and peak rate of heat conduction within the front diminish to the point where combustion becomes chemically controlled. Although significant increases in burning velocity are observed at the onset of chemically controlled combustion within the front, the end-gas is within one front time from the completion of combustion. As a result, no more than one front thickness is consumed by the apparent propagation of the spontaneous ignition front. © 2012 The Combustion Institute.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"159","issue":"6","pages":"2077–2086","date":"2012","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.01.011","ISSN":"00102180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.01.011","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"Auto-ignition"},{"tag":"Knock"},{"tag":"Laminar burning velocity"},{"tag":"Low temperature combustion"},{"tag":"Spark assisted compression ignition"},{"tag":"Spark ignition"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z"}}


key: 45HD5UHU
data:
  {"key":"45HD5UHU","version":408,"data":{"key":"45HD5UHU","version":408,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"On the flame stability and laminar burning speeds of syngas / O 2 / He premixed flame","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Omid","lastName":"Askari"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ziyu","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kevin","lastName":"Vien"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matteo","lastName":"Sirio"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hameed","lastName":"Metghalchi"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"190","issue":"x","pages":"90–103","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.042","ISSN":"0016-2361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.042","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z"}}


key: GQJAXPWQ
data:
  {"key":"GQJAXPWQ","version":408,"data":{"key":"GQJAXPWQ","version":408,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Ignition properties of methane / hydrogen mixtures in a rapid compression machine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S","lastName":"Gersen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N B","lastName":"Anikin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A V","lastName":"Mokhov"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H B","lastName":"Levinsky"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"33","issue":"","pages":"1957–1964","date":"2008","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.01.017","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Hydrogen"},{"tag":"RCM"},{"tag":"methane"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z"}}


key: VASFMNRM
data:
  {"key":"VASFMNRM","version":408,"data":{"key":"VASFMNRM","version":408,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"Correlations of Laminar Combustion Data for Alternative S.I. Engine Fuels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Omer L","lastName":"Gulder"}],"abstractNote":"","date":"1984","proceedingsTitle":"SAE Technical Paper Series","conferenceName":"","place":"","publisher":"SAE","volume":"","pages":"","series":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISSN: 0148-7191","tags":[{"tag":"Laminar Flame Speed"},{"tag":"iso-octane"},{"tag":"methane"},{"tag":"methanol"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z"}}


key: KZZ4GNBR
data:
  {"key":"KZZ4GNBR","version":408,"data":{"key":"KZZ4GNBR","version":408,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"Large eddy simulation of turbulent premixed flames using level-set G-equation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"X S","lastName":"Bai"}],"abstractNote":"","date":"2005","proceedingsTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","conferenceName":"","place":"","publisher":"The Combustion Institute","volume":"30","pages":"583–591","series":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.218","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.218","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISSN: 0082-0784\nIssue: 1","tags":[{"tag":"Flame wrinkling"},{"tag":"G-equation"},{"tag":"LES"},{"tag":"Large eddy simulation"},{"tag":"Level-set G-equation"},{"tag":"Turbulent premixed flames"},{"tag":"flame wrinkling"},{"tag":"large eddy simulation"},{"tag":"level-set g-equation"},{"tag":"turbulent premixed flames"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z"}}


key: EQRCTWHM
data:
  {"key":"EQRCTWHM","version":408,"data":{"key":"EQRCTWHM","version":408,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental study on the explosion characteristics of methane / air mixtures with hydrogen addition","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaobo","lastName":"Shen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Guangli","lastName":"Xiu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sizhe","lastName":"Wu"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"120","issue":"","pages":"741–747","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.04.040","ISSN":"1359-4311","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.04.040","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z"}}


key: KQWHPMDT
data:
  {"key":"KQWHPMDT","version":408,"data":{"key":"KQWHPMDT","version":408,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effect of turbulent mixing on the end gas auto-ignition of n-heptane/air mixtures under IC engine-relevant conditions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Haiqiao","lastName":"Wei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ceyuan","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hua","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wanhui","lastName":"Zhao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhuyin","lastName":"Ren"}],"abstractNote":"The effect of turbulence on the end-gas auto-ignition (AI) of stoichiometric n-heptane/air mixtures under engine relevant conditions is numerically studied through a combined methodology of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and one-dimensional stand-alone Linear Eddy Model (LEM). Similar end-gas auto-ignition process in super rapid compression machine experiments is first been qualitatively reproduced through LES. To further investigate the effect of small-scale turbulence-chemistry interaction on the end-gas auto-ignition in the near-wall region which consists of a core region and a boundary layer, 1-D LEM simulations are performed by extracting the thermal-chemical and turbulent parameters at top dead center from LES. The parametric study covers a range of representative fluctuation velocity values under engine-like conditions at two initial temperatures of 700 K and 900 K, which are below and within the Negative Temperature Coefficient regime respectively. It is generally found that, increased turbulence intensity delays AI formation and also reduces the kernel size at the onset of AI. At the initial temperature of 700 K, intense turbulence can change the combustion mode of the end-gas following the initial spontaneous auto-ignition in the core region. Diffusive - reactive flame structures are observed and the kernel expansion is governed by turbulent flame propagation. At a high initial temperature of 900 K, the formation of “cold” AI kernels is inhibited with increased turbulence intensity. A budget analysis reveals that the expansion processes of nascent kernels mainly are spontaneous ignitions and turbulence may enhance the local scalar mixing. However, turbulence won't change the nature of auto-ignition propagation wave driven dominantly by exothermicity during the end-gas combustion process.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"174","issue":"","pages":"25–36","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.09.011","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0010-2180\nPublisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"End-gas auto-ignition"},{"tag":"Engine knock"},{"tag":"Negative temperature coefficient"},{"tag":"Turbulent mixing"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z"}}


key: HBUZD2YE
data:
  {"key":"HBUZD2YE","version":408,"data":{"key":"HBUZD2YE","version":408,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Turbulent Flame Speeds of G-equation Models in Unsteady Cellular Flows","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Y-y","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J","lastName":"Xin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Y","lastName":"Yu"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"8","issue":"3","pages":"198–205","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1051/mmnp/20138312","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"and phrases"},{"tag":"cellular flows"},{"tag":"frequency"},{"tag":"front speed computation"},{"tag":"g-equations"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z"}}


key: XUCSK5UW
data:
  {"key":"XUCSK5UW","version":407,"data":{"key":"XUCSK5UW","version":407,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"N-heptane micro pilot assisted methane combustion in a Rapid Compression Expansion Machine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stéphanie","lastName":"Schlatter"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bruno","lastName":"Schneider"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yuri M","lastName":"Wright"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Konstantinos","lastName":"Boulouchos"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"179","issue":"x","pages":"339–352","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.03.006","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"dual fuel combustion"},{"tag":"rapid compression expansion machine"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:25Z"}}


key: CHCJ768V
data:
  {"key":"CHCJ768V","version":407,"data":{"key":"CHCJ768V","version":407,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Extinction of laminar partially premixed flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Suresh K","lastName":"Aggarwal"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"35","issue":"6","pages":"528–570","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.pecs.2009.04.003","ISSN":"0360-1285","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2009.04.003","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z"}}


key: WLSMT28B
data:
  {"key":"WLSMT28B","version":407,"data":{"key":"WLSMT28B","version":407,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Burning velocity and Markstein length blending laws for methane / air and hydrogen / air blends","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D","lastName":"Bradley"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M","lastName":"Lawes"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R","lastName":"Mumby"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"187","issue":"","pages":"268–275","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.09.032","ISSN":"0016-2361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.09.032","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Authors","tags":[{"tag":"laminar burning velocity"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z"}}


key: Z9SGUZ77
data:
  {"key":"Z9SGUZ77","version":407,"data":{"key":"Z9SGUZ77","version":407,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Improved combustion submodels for modelling gasoline engines with the level set G equation and detailed chemical kinetics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S.","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R. D.","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering","volume":"223","issue":"5","pages":"703–726","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1243/09544070JAUTO1062","ISSN":"0954-4070","shortTitle":"","url":"http://pid.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1243/09544070JAUTO1062","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"combustion modelling"},{"tag":"detailed chemical kinetics"},{"tag":"flame"},{"tag":"g equation"},{"tag":"internal combustion engine"},{"tag":"propagation"},{"tag":"spark ignition"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z"}}


key: APZAZ9YA
data:
  {"key":"APZAZ9YA","version":407,"data":{"key":"APZAZ9YA","version":407,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Laminar flame speeds and ignition delay times of methane-air mixtures at elevated temperatures and pressures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Erjiang","lastName":"Hu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaotian","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xin","lastName":"Meng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yizhen","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yu","lastName":"Cheng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yongliang","lastName":"Xie"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zuohua","lastName":"Huang"}],"abstractNote":"Measurements on laminar flame speeds and ignition delay times of methane/air mixtures at elevated pressures and temperatures were carried out in a constant volume bomb and shock tube. The performances of GRI Mech 3.0, USC Mech II, and Aramco Mech 1.3 mechanisms were also evaluated from the data obtained. Results showed that the measured laminar flame speeds from the constant volume bomb by the linear method are slightly higher than those from the counter flow flame at rich mixtures and lower at lean mixtures. At rich mixtures, the laminar flame speeds with linear method are higher than that with non-linear method. The available mechanisms give slight overprediction to the constant volume bomb data at lean mixtures, and large underprediction at rich mixtures at elevated temperatures and pressures. Overall reaction order decreases and then increases with the rising of pressure from 0.1 to 10.0 MPa because of the chain reaction mechanism. For the ignition delay times, the three mechanisms are in good accordance with the experimental data of lean and stoichiometric mixtures at atmospheric pressure, while the discrepancy between calculation and measurement is increased at elevated pressures. These mechanisms seem to lack good sensitivity to the rich mixtures, especially at elevated pressures. Correlations for laminar burning velocities and ignition delay time of methane-air mixtures are provided.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"158","issue":"","pages":"1–10","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.05.010","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.05.010","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Correlation"},{"tag":"Elevated pressures and temperatures"},{"tag":"Ignition delay time"},{"tag":"Laminar flame speed"},{"tag":"Reaction order"},{"tag":"Sensitivity analysis"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z"}}


key: PBXMBNKB
data:
  {"key":"PBXMBNKB","version":407,"data":{"key":"PBXMBNKB","version":407,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Spark Ignition Engine Simulation Using a Flamelet Based Combustion Model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Irufan","lastName":"Ahmed"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Golnoush","lastName":"Ghiasi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A Gnana Sagaya","lastName":"Raj"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nedunchezhian","lastName":"Swaminathan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jann","lastName":"Koch"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Karel","lastName":"Steurs"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yuri M","lastName":"Wright"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2015-24-2402.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z"}}


key: SJWW42JK
data:
  {"key":"SJWW42JK","version":407,"data":{"key":"SJWW42JK","version":407,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The Computation of Constrained and Unconstrained Equilibrium Compositions of Ideal Gas Mixtures using Gibbs Function Continuation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stephen B.","lastName":"Pope"}],"abstractNote":"We consider the computation of the chemical-equilibrium state of an ideal gas mixture of given elemental composition, with and without linear constraints on the species present. While computer programs to solve these problems have been available for over thirty years, it has been found that they are not always successful in determining the chemical equilibrium state when constraints are present. In this paper the constrained equilibrium problem is examined in detail. It is shown that the specified constraints can be replaced by a (generally simpler) set of reduced constraints. For fixed temperature and pressure, the equilibrium composition is that which minimizes the Gibbs function subject to these constraints. The solution to this minimization problem is known in terms of Lagrange multipliers (or constraint potentials), which are determined as the solution to a set of non-linear equations. It is shown that Newton's method can fail to obtain the solution because the iteration matrix can be singular. The new method of Gibbs function continu- ation is introduced which is guaranteed to obtain the solution. Based on this, a practical algorithm is presented which has been implemented and tested in a Fortran code. It is claimed that this algorithm is assured to determine the (constrained or unconstrained) equilibrium state for all well-posed problems.","publicationTitle":"Cornell University Report FDA","volume":"03","issue":"","pages":"–02","date":"2003","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: FDA 03-02","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z"}}


key: DNIK9MNH
data:
  {"key":"DNIK9MNH","version":407,"data":{"key":"DNIK9MNH","version":407,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Ignition delay times , laminar flame speeds , and mechanism validation for natural gas / hydrogen blends at elevated pressures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nicola","lastName":"Donohoe"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alexander","lastName":"Heufer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wayne K","lastName":"Metcalfe"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Henry J","lastName":"Curran"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Marissa L","lastName":"Davis"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Olivier","lastName":"Mathieu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Drew","lastName":"Plichta"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Anibal","lastName":"Morones"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Eric L","lastName":"Petersen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Felix","lastName":"Güthe"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"161","issue":"6","pages":"1432–1443","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.12.005","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.12.005","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z"}}


key: VSPCH599
data:
  {"key":"VSPCH599","version":406,"data":{"key":"VSPCH599","version":406,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental and modeling study on ignition delays of lean mixtures of methane, hydrogen, oxygen, and argon at elevated pressures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yingjia","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zuohua","lastName":"Huang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Liangjie","lastName":"Wei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jiaxiang","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chung K.","lastName":"Law"}],"abstractNote":"Ignition delays of lean mixtures of methane-hydrogen with various hydrogen volumetric contents were experimentally studied in a shock tube together with modeling analysis. Results show that the ignition behavior of the methane-hydrogen mixture depending on pressure resembles that of methane for hydrogen fraction less than 40%, with the ignition delays decreasing with increasing pressure. For the hydrogen fraction equal 60%, a negligible promoted effect of pressure on the ignition of the methane-hydrogen mixture is exhibited. For hydrogen fractions equal or greater than 80%, however, the ignition response resembles that of hydrogen in that the ignition delay exhibits a complex dependence on pressure and two-step transition in the global activation energy. Compared with calculated values using four available mechanisms, the NUI Galway mechanism yielded the closest agreement, and was adopted in the sensitivity analysis of the ignition kinetics. The sensitivity analysis well explained the experimental results which the ignition delay decreases with increasing temperature regardless of whether methane (typical fuel 80%CH 4/20%H 2) or hydrogen (typical fuel 20%CH 4/80%H 2) dominates the ignition process. Rate of production analysis shows that the promoted effect of the hydrogen on the oxidation of the methane is mainly due to the concentrations of the free radicals such as H, O and OH increase with increasing hydrogen fraction, and lead to the total reaction rate is enhanced. Consumption of methane is mainly through these reactions in which the active free radicals participate. ?? 2011 The Combustion Institute.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"159","issue":"3","pages":"918–931","date":"2012","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.09.010","ISSN":"00102180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.09.010","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0010-2180\nPublisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"Chemical kinetics"},{"tag":"Hydrogen"},{"tag":"Ignition delay"},{"tag":"Methane"},{"tag":"Shock tube"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z"}}


key: D43TSWN7
data:
  {"key":"D43TSWN7","version":406,"data":{"key":"D43TSWN7","version":406,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Structure of laminar premixed flames of methane near the auto-ignition limit","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Peter","lastName":"Habisreuther"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Flavio Cesar Cunha","lastName":"Galeazzo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chockalingam","lastName":"Prathap"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nikolaos","lastName":"Zarzalis"}],"abstractNote":"Auto-ignition and flame propagation are the two different controlling mechanisms for stabilizing the flame in secondary stage combustion in hot vitiated air environment and at elevated pressure. The present work aims at the investigation of the flame stabilization mechanism of flames developing in such an environment. In order to better understand the structure of turbulent flames at inlet temperature well above the auto-ignition temperature, the behavior of laminar flames at those conditions needs to be analyzed. As an alternative to challenging and expensive measurements at high temperature and pressure, the behavior of laminar flames at such conditions can be predicted from theory using mathematical simulation. In the present work, the laminar burning velocities and flame structures of premixed stoichiometric methane/air mixtures for inlet temperatures from 300 to 1450. K and absolute pressures from 1 to 8. bar have been calculated using a freely propagating laminar, one dimensional, planar flame model. The prediction shows that at inlet temperatures below the auto-ignition temperature, the predicted laminar burning velocity which corresponds to the unburned mixture velocity in order to create a steady laminar flame decreases with increase in pressure. When the inlet temperature of the mixture goes well beyond the auto-ignition temperature of the mixture, however, the unburned mixture velocity increases steeply at higher pressure level, because of a complete transition of the flame structure. © 2013 The Combustion Institute.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"160","issue":"12","pages":"2770–2782","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.06.023","ISSN":"00102180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.06.023","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"Auto-ignition"},{"tag":"Freely propagating planar flames"},{"tag":"High temperature combustion"},{"tag":"Ignition delay time"},{"tag":"Laminar burning velocity"},{"tag":"Pressure dependency"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z"}}


key: GNHFF2P3
data:
  {"key":"GNHFF2P3","version":406,"data":{"key":"GNHFF2P3","version":406,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Comparative study on the laminar flame speed enhancement of methane with ethane and ethylene addition","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S.","lastName":"Ravi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"T. G.","lastName":"Sikes"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Morones"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C. L.","lastName":"Keesee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"E. L.","lastName":"Petersen"}],"abstractNote":"A systematic analysis of the flame speed enhancement effects of ethane and ethylene addition to methane was performed. Flame speeds of outwardly propagating spherical flames were measured in a high-pressure, cylindrical flame speed vessel using schlieren photography. It was ensured that the measured data were outside the ignition- and chamber-confinement-affected radii. The unstretched, unburnt flame speeds were obtained using nonlinear extrapolation methods from the experimentally determined stretched flame speeds. The AramcoMech 1.3 kinetics mechanism was validated against flame speeds of ethane, ethylene, and acetylene over a wide range of pressures and equivalence ratios. Good agreement between the measured data and those reported in the literature was seen. The model agreed closely with the measurements at fuel-lean conditions, but a slight over prediction was observed for the fuel-rich cases. Flame speeds of 80/20 and 60/40 (by volume) CH4/C2Hx mixtures in air and in air with excess nitrogen were measured over a wide range of fuel concentrations. In all cases, the addition of ethylene increased the flame speed more than did an equivalent addition of ethane. The Arrhenius effect (predominantly kinetic effect) was the principal driver for flame speed enhancement of methane with ethane/ethylene addition. Sensitivity analysis revealed that thermal and diffusive pathways were equally contributing to the flame speed enhancement of CH4/C2H6 mixtures, but the latter played a comparatively minor role in the C2H4-based blends.","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"35","issue":"1","pages":"679–686","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.130","ISSN":"15407489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.130","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[{"tag":"Acetylene"},{"tag":"Ethane"},{"tag":"Ethylene"},{"tag":"Fuel blends"},{"tag":"Laminar flame speeds"},{"tag":"acetylene"},{"tag":"ethane"},{"tag":"ethylene"},{"tag":"laminar flame speed"},{"tag":"methane"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z"}}


key: 9S5XBPSG
data:
  {"key":"9S5XBPSG","version":406,"data":{"key":"9S5XBPSG","version":406,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"MODELLING THE COMBUSTION IN A DUAL FUEL HCCI ENGINE Investigation of knock , compression ratio , equivalence ratio and timing in a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition ( HCCI ) engine with natural gas and diesel fuels using modelling and simulation Hos","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hossein","lastName":"Ghomashi"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:24Z"}}


key: GHRPI8BR
data:
  {"key":"GHRPI8BR","version":406,"data":{"key":"GHRPI8BR","version":406,"itemType":"thesis","title":"Studies on the initiation, propagation, and extinction of premixed flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zheng","lastName":"Chen"}],"abstractNote":"Premixed flames are widely utilized in spark ignition engines for automobiles and in advanced gas turbine engine systems for power generation. In the present study, the fundamental properties of premixed flames such as initiation, propagation, and extinction are systematically investigated using asymptotic theoretical analysis, detailed numerical simulations, and/or experimental measurements. A general theory on spherical flame initiation and propagation and an accurate numerical algorithm for adaptive simulation of unsteady reactive flow are first developed. The general theory describes different flame regimes and transitions among them. This could be utilized to study effects of radiative heat loss, ignition power, and preferential diffusion on spherical flame initiation, propagation, and extinction. The numerical solver is thoroughly tested and validated. It is shown to be able to accurately and efficiently model propagating flames with detailed chemical mechanisms. With the help of the general theory and the numerical solver, the controlling factor for spherical flame initiation and how it relates to the minimum ignition energy are then investigated. It is found that there exists a critical flame radius controlling the spherical flame initiation and that the minimum ignition energy is proportional to the cube of the critical flame radius. Moreover, results show that the preferential diffusion between heat and mass (Lewis number) plays an important role in the spherical flame initiation. Both the critical flame radius and the minimum ignition energy are found to increase with the Lewis number. The general theory and the numerical solver are also employed to study the accuracy of laminar flame speed measurements utilizing propagating spherical flames. Different effects such as ignition, unsteadiness, compression, and stretch are found to decrease the accuracy of these measurements. New flame speed determination methods to obtain more accurate flame speeds by correcting for these effects are developed. For example, both the Compression-Corrected Flame Speed (CCFS) and the Stretch-Corrected Flame Speed (SCFS) are demonstrated not only to significantly improve the accuracy of the flame speed measurements but also to greatly extend the parameter range of experimental conditions. The effects of radiation on flame propagation, extinction, and flammability limits are also investigated. Opposite trends for the change of flame propagation speed and flame extinction/flammability limits are found for the outwardly and inwardly propagating spherical fames. A functional expression for the Markstein length is found in terms of the Lewis number and the radiative heat loss. Moreover, the spectrally dependent radiation absorption effect on propagating spherical flames is measured by using CO2-diluted CH4/O2/He mixtures at normal and elevated pressures. Radiation absorption is found to increase the flame speed and extend the flammability limit. In addition, the combined effects of flame curvature, radiation, and stretch on flame extinction are revealed via premixed tubular flames. It is found that the coupling between radiation and flame curvature leads to multiple flame bifurcations and extinction limits. Finally, the effects of kinetic and transport coupling on ignition and flame propagation are investigated by using dimethyl ether (DME) blended methane/air mixtures. It is shown that the addition of a small amount of DME to methane leads to a significant decrease in the ignition time, while the flame speed of DME/CH4/air mixture is only linearly proportional to the DME fraction.","thesisType":"PhD Thesis","university":"Princeton University","place":"","date":"2008","numPages":"","language":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publication Title: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering\nVolume: Ph.D.","tags":[{"tag":"ASURF"},{"tag":"Laminar flame speed: extinction: propagation"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z"}}


key: T87QU4V7
data:
  {"key":"T87QU4V7","version":406,"data":{"key":"T87QU4V7","version":406,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"On the accuracy of laminar flame speeds measured from outwardly propagating spherical flames : Methane / air at normal temperature and pressure","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zheng","lastName":"Chen"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"162","issue":"6","pages":"2442–2453","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.02.012","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.02.012","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z"}}


key: ITMIAQQ9
data:
  {"key":"ITMIAQQ9","version":406,"data":{"key":"ITMIAQQ9","version":406,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Combustion Process of a Turbocharged SI Natural Gas Engine Operated on Stoichiometric Mixture","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hailin","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Timothy","lastName":"Gatts"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shiyu","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Scott","lastName":"Wayne"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Nigel","lastName":"Clark"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"combustion process"},{"tag":"diluents"},{"tag":"knock"},{"tag":"natural gas"},{"tag":"si engine"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z"}}


key: 9E5VXV8V
data:
  {"key":"9E5VXV8V","version":406,"data":{"key":"9E5VXV8V","version":406,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Integration of a Continuous Multi-Component Fuel Evaporation Model with an Improved G-Equation Combustion and Detailed Chemical Kinetics Model with Application to GDI Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shiyou","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"A continuous multi-component fuel evaporation model has been integrated with an improved G-equation combustion and detailed chemical kinetics model. The integrated code has been successfully used to simulate a gasoline direct injection engine. In the multi-component fuel model, the theory of continuous thermodynamics is used to model the properties and composition of multicomponent fuels such as gasoline. In the improved Gequation combustion model a flamelet approach based on the G-equation is used that considers multicomponent fuel effects. To precisely calculate the local and instantaneous residual which has a great effect on the laminar flame speed, a transport equation residual model is used. A Damkohler number criterion is used to determine the combustion mode in flame containing cells. To consider the change of local fuel vapor mixture composition, a PRF adaptive method is proposed that formulates a relationship between the fuel vapor mixture PRF number (or Octane number) and the fuel vapor mixture composition based on the mean molecular weight and variance of the fuel vapor mixture composition in each cell. The laminar flame speed has been updated to consider multi-component fuel effects, as a function of pressure, temperature, equivalence ratio, residual, and fuel vapor mixture PRF number. To model the chemistry process in the unburned region in front of the flame and in burned regions behind the flame, a recently developed PRF mechanism is used to describe the multi-component fuel mixture. Simulations of the vaporization of a single droplet with a single-component fuel (iso-octane) are compared with multi-component fuel cases. The vaporization of a spray of multi-component fuel injected into a chamber is simulated for both normal and flash-boiling conditions. The new PRF mechanism is validated against shock tube data. In addition, gasoline direct injection engine combustion is simulated at different manifold absolute pressures, different end-offuel injection timings, and different spark ignition timings. The simulated in-cylinder pressures and heat release rates are compared with experiment data and good agreements are found.","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper Series","volume":"","issue":"2009-01-0722","pages":"–01–0722","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2009-01-0722","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z"}}


key: C425J4BV
data:
  {"key":"C425J4BV","version":406,"data":{"key":"C425J4BV","version":406,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Algorithms for Ellipsoids","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"SB Stephen B","lastName":"Pope"}],"abstractNote":"We describe a number of algorithms to perform basic geometric operations on ellipsoids in n spatial dimensions, for n ¸ 1. These algorithms are im- plemented in ELL LIB, a library of Fortran subroutines. With E, E1 and E2 being given ellipsoids, and p a given point, the tasks considered include: determine the point in E which is closest to p or furthest from p; grow or shrink E so that its boundary intersects p; project E onto a given a±ne space; determine a separating hyperplane between E1 and E2; determine an ellipsoid (of small volume) which covers E1 and E2.","publicationTitle":"Cornell University Report No. FDA","volume":"","issue":"February","pages":"47","date":"2008","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"http://tcg.mae.cornell.edu/pubs/Pope{\\_}FDA{\\_}08.pdf","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z"}}


key: SH3JDMEB
data:
  {"key":"SH3JDMEB","version":405,"data":{"key":"SH3JDMEB","version":405,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"ASYMPTOTIC GROWTH RATES AND STRONG BENDING OF Downloaded 01 / 29 / 17 to 35 . 16 . 120 . 93 . Redistribution subject to SIAM license or copyright ; see http://www.siam.org/journals/ojsa.php unburned fluid ሬԦ ሺݔሻ flame front burned fluid","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Two-dimensional Incompressible Periodic","lastName":"Flows"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"46","issue":"4","pages":"2444–2467","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"bending effect"},{"tag":"cat"},{"tag":"front speed"},{"tag":"g-equation"},{"tag":"invariant measure"},{"tag":"large flow"},{"tag":"optimal control"},{"tag":"periodic orbit"},{"tag":"rotation vector"},{"tag":"s-eye flow"},{"tag":"travel time of flow"},{"tag":"turbulent flame speed"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z"}}


key: BFPGY79P
data:
  {"key":"BFPGY79P","version":405,"data":{"key":"BFPGY79P","version":405,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Inert gas influence on the laminar burning velocity of methane-air mixtures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Maria","lastName":"Mitu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Venera","lastName":"Giurcan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Domnina","lastName":"Razus"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Dumitru","lastName":"Oancea"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"321","issue":"","pages":"440–448","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.033","ISSN":"0304-3894","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.033","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier B.V.","tags":[{"tag":"laminar burning velocity"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z"}}


key: 2RTHEJT9
data:
  {"key":"2RTHEJT9","version":405,"data":{"key":"2RTHEJT9","version":405,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A unified model for the prediction of laminar flame transfer functions : comparisons between conical and V-flame dynamics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"T","lastName":"Schuller"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D","lastName":"Durox"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S","lastName":"Candel"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"134","issue":"","pages":"21–34","date":"2003","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/S0010-2180(03)00042-7","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"acoustic-flame interaction"},{"tag":"combustion instabilities"},{"tag":"conical flame"},{"tag":"g-equation"},{"tag":"transfer function"},{"tag":"v-flame"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z"}}


key: YBK3X3K3
data:
  {"key":"YBK3X3K3","version":405,"data":{"key":"YBK3X3K3","version":405,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Lean Hydrogen Flame Deflagration Velocities and Flammability Limits Reacting Navier-Stokes Conservation Equations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Forman A","lastName":"Williams"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z"}}


key: L6JAIJNW
data:
  {"key":"L6JAIJNW","version":405,"data":{"key":"L6JAIJNW","version":405,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Knock in Dual-Fuel Diesel Combustion with an E85 Ethanol/Gasoline Blend by Multi-dimensional Simulation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C B","lastName":"Yin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Z D","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N L","lastName":"Xie"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Y D","lastName":"Sun"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"T","lastName":"Sun"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"17","issue":"4","pages":"591–604","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1007/s12239","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"detailed chemical kinetics"},{"tag":"dual-fuel"},{"tag":"ethanol"},{"tag":"knock"},{"tag":"simulation"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:23Z"}}


key: 393ZSPJT
data:
  {"key":"393ZSPJT","version":405,"data":{"key":"393ZSPJT","version":405,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Laminar flame speeds of stratified methane , propane , and n -heptane flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xian","lastName":"Shi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jyh-yuan","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yulin","lastName":"Chen"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"176","issue":"","pages":"38–47","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.10.018","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Chemical effe"},{"tag":"Laminar flame speed"},{"tag":"Stratified flame"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:22Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:22Z"}}


key: TWXMMXJ6
data:
  {"key":"TWXMMXJ6","version":405,"data":{"key":"TWXMMXJ6","version":405,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effects of Lewis number and ignition energy on the determination of laminar flame speed using propagating spherical flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zheng","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Michael P.","lastName":"Burke"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yiguang","lastName":"Ju"}],"abstractNote":"The trajectories of outwardly propagating spherical flames initiated by an external energy deposition are studied theoretically, numerically, and experimentally by using hydrogen/air mixtures. Emphasis is placed on how to accurately determine the laminar flame speeds experimentally from the time history of the flame fronts for mixtures with different Lewis numbers and ignition energies. The results show that there is a critical flame radius only above which is the linear and non-linear extrapolation for flame speeds valid. It is found that the critical radius depends strongly on the Lewis number. At large Lewis numbers, the critical radius is larger than the minimum flame radius used in the experimental measurements, leading to invalid flame speed extrapolation. The results also show that there is a maximum Karlovitz number beyond which propagating spherical flame does not exist. The maximum Karlovitz number decreases dramatically with the increase of Lewis number. Furthermore, the results show that the ignition energy has a significant impact on the flame trajectories. It is found that the unsteady flame transition causes a flame speed reverse phenomenon near the maximum Karlovitz number with different ignition energies. The occurrence of flame speed reverse greatly narrows the experimental data range for flame speed extrapolation. The strong dependence of flame trajectory on ignition energy and the existence of the flame speed reverse phenomenon are also confirmed by experimental results.","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"32 I","issue":"1","pages":"1253–1260","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2008.05.060","ISSN":"15407489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2008.05.060","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 1540-7489\nPublisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[{"tag":"Flame speed reverse"},{"tag":"Flame transition"},{"tag":"Ignition energy"},{"tag":"Laminar flame speed"},{"tag":"Spherical flame"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:22Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:22Z"}}


key: 4X9KQPGK
data:
  {"key":"4X9KQPGK","version":405,"data":{"key":"4X9KQPGK","version":405,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Detailed chemistry flamelet modeling of mixed-mode combustion in spark-assisted HCCI engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R","lastName":"Dahms"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C","lastName":"Felsch"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"O","lastName":"Ro"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N","lastName":"Peters"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"33","issue":"","pages":"3023–3030","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2010.08.005","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"g -equation"},{"tag":"ignition"},{"tag":"multi-zone model"},{"tag":"spark-assisted hcci"},{"tag":"sparkcimm"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:22Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:22Z"}}


key: CJTA2IA7
data:
  {"key":"CJTA2IA7","version":404,"data":{"key":"CJTA2IA7","version":404,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"An investigation of in situ adaptive tabulation for premixed and nonpremixed combustion engine simulations with primary reference fuel mechanism","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Lei","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Haiqiao","lastName":"Wei"}],"abstractNote":"The object of this work is to enhance the ISAT performance for transient combustion simulations for both premixed and non-premixed combustion process. In this work, dynamic pruning (DP) strategy for not-frequently-accessed tabulated points has been employed. For DP approach, the action considered when the table is full is to delete the most recently used leaf (at the tail of most recently used leaf) and replace it by the new entry in ISAT. The performances of ISAT with DP are presented firstly both in a homogenous charged compression ignition (HCCI) engine and a diesel engine. In present study, we investigate the sensitivity of ignition and composition inhomogeneity to heat loss/chemistry model for HCCI combustion. Composition inhomogeneity is governed by heat loss, turbulence diffusion and chemical reaction. Meanwhile, the effect of composition and temperature inhomogeneity on chemistry acceleration with ISAT-DP is studied in detail. It is shown that, ISAT-DP method can effectively reduce computational cost and achieve a large speedup factor of around 2 compared with original ISAT method. Memory size in ISAT has a tight influence on computational efficiency. And an overall speed up factor of around 4 for diesel engine is also achieved.","publicationTitle":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"111","issue":"x","pages":"526–536","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.09.141","ISSN":"13594311","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.09.141","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Composition inhomogeneity"},{"tag":"Engine"},{"tag":"Heat loss"},{"tag":"ISAT"},{"tag":"Pruning"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:22Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:22Z"}}


key: JH7HFL5S
data:
  {"key":"JH7HFL5S","version":404,"data":{"key":"JH7HFL5S","version":404,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Hierarchical and comparative kinetic modeling of laminar fl ame speeds of hydrocarbon and oxygenated fuels","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"E","lastName":"Ranzi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A","lastName":"Frassoldati"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R","lastName":"Grana"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A","lastName":"Cuoci"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"T","lastName":"Faravelli"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A P","lastName":"Kelley"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C K","lastName":"Law"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"38","issue":"4","pages":"468–501","date":"2012","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.pecs.2012.03.004","ISSN":"0360-1285","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2012.03.004","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"laminar fl ame speed"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:22Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:22Z"}}


key: W2CYH94B
data:
  {"key":"W2CYH94B","version":404,"data":{"key":"W2CYH94B","version":404,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"ScienceDirect Ignition delay time measurements behind reflected shock-waves for a representative coal-derived syngas with and without NH 3 and H 2 S impurities","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"O","lastName":"Mathieu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J","lastName":"Hargis"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A","lastName":"Camou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C","lastName":"Mulvihill"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"E L","lastName":"Petersen"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"35","issue":"3","pages":"3143–3150","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2014.06.062","ISSN":"1540-7489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.06.062","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[{"tag":"coal"},{"tag":"high pressure"},{"tag":"ignition delay time"},{"tag":"shock-tube"},{"tag":"syngas"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:22Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:22Z"}}


key: XTA69IU7
data:
  {"key":"XTA69IU7","version":404,"data":{"key":"XTA69IU7","version":404,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Computationally efficient implementation of combustion chemistry using in situ adaptive tabulation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S B","lastName":"Pope"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion Theory and Modelling","volume":"1","issue":"1","pages":"41–63","date":"1997-01","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1080/713665229","ISSN":"1364-7830","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/713665229","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Taylor & Francis","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:22Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:22Z"}}


key: R45RBWT4
data:
  {"key":"R45RBWT4","version":404,"data":{"key":"R45RBWT4","version":404,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"Modeling Premixed and Direct Injection SI Engine Combustion Using the G-Equation Model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhichao","lastName":"Tan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Song-charng","lastName":"Kong"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"","date":"2003","proceedingsTitle":"SAE Technical Paper","conferenceName":"","place":"","publisher":"","volume":"","pages":"","series":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:22Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:22Z"}}


key: WMWMIK66
data:
  {"key":"WMWMIK66","version":404,"data":{"key":"WMWMIK66","version":404,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A level-set based adaptive-grid method for premixed combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Daniel","lastName":"Hartmann"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matthias","lastName":"Meinke"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wolfgang","lastName":"Schröder"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"158","issue":"7","pages":"1318–1339","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.11.007","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.11.007","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:22Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:22Z"}}


key: AFXQ4HBH
data:
  {"key":"AFXQ4HBH","version":404,"data":{"key":"AFXQ4HBH","version":404,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The knock study of high compression ratio SI engine fueled with methanol in combination with different EGR rates","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaoyan","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xudong","lastName":"Zhen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yang","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Daming","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhi","lastName":"Tian"}],"abstractNote":"Methanol, with a high octane index, is considered to be one of the most ideal fuels for high compression ratio engines. In this paper, the SAGE models combined with methanol chemical reaction kinetics (consisting of 46-species and 247-elementary reactions) are used to study knock combustion. Knock combustion is simulated in a high compression ratio SI methanol engine with different EGR rates. The results show that the introduction of EGR into the combustion chamber can reduce the knock intensity and delay the knock onset time. Without EGR, the intake side of the combustion chamber is prone to knocking mostly. As the EGR rate increases, the exhaust side of the combustion chamber is the most likely to knocking. OH radicals can be considered an indicator of the temperature, and H2O2 can be regarded as an indicator of the propagating flame front. OH marks the knock phase duration and HCO marks the onset of knocking. The reaction intensities of CH2O, H2O2, CO and OH species are higher than other species during knocking combustion. The greater the reaction rate is, the greater the knock intensity will be.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"257","issue":"July","pages":"116098","date":"2019","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116098","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116098","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[{"tag":"Detailed chemical kinetics"},{"tag":"EGR"},{"tag":"High compression ratio engine"},{"tag":"Knock"},{"tag":"Methanol"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:21Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:21Z"}}


key: DINR9RNT
data:
  {"key":"DINR9RNT","version":404,"data":{"key":"DINR9RNT","version":404,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Accurate and Dynamic Accounting of Fuel Composition in Flame Propagation During Engine Simulations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Karthik V","lastName":"Puduppakkam"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Cheng","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Devin","lastName":"Hodgson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chitralkumar","lastName":"Naik"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ellen","lastName":"Meeks"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0597.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:21Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:21Z"}}


key: 9J5MHMH2
data:
  {"key":"9J5MHMH2","version":403,"data":{"key":"9J5MHMH2","version":403,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Cycle-to-Cycle Variations in Multi-Cycle Engine RANS Simulations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Riccardo","lastName":"Scarcelli"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Keith","lastName":"Richards"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Eric","lastName":"Pomraning"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P K","lastName":"Senecal"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Thomas","lastName":"Wallner"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"James","lastName":"Sevik"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0593.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:21Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:21Z"}}


key: M3KQKXBJ
data:
  {"key":"M3KQKXBJ","version":403,"data":{"key":"M3KQKXBJ","version":403,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Nonlinear effects in the extraction of laminar flame speeds from expanding spherical flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A P","lastName":"Kelley"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C K","lastName":"Law"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"156","issue":"9","pages":"1844–1851","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.04.004","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.04.004","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"flame speed extrapolation"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:21Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:21Z"}}


key: EGIM2LQJ
data:
  {"key":"EGIM2LQJ","version":403,"data":{"key":"EGIM2LQJ","version":403,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Chain mechanisms in the overall reaction orders in laminar flame propagation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F.N.","lastName":"Egolfopoulos"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C.K.","lastName":"Law"}],"abstractNote":"The laminar flame speeds of methane-oxygen-nitrogen mixtures as functions of the flame temperature Tad and system pressure p have been experimentally determined by using the counterflow, twin-flame technique. These data are then compared with numerically-calculated values obtained by using an independently validated kinetic scheme. Results show that the overall reaction order n and activation energy Ea are far from being constants, that n decreases with increasing p and decreasing Tad whereas Ea increases with increasing p, and that n can actually assume negative values; the last result implies that the mass burning rate of some weakly burning flames may decrease with increasing pressure. By further identifying the crucial reaction steps through sensitivity analysis, the present results are interpreted on the basis of the influence of chain branching-termination mechanisms on the overall reaction rate.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"80","issue":"1","pages":"7–16","date":"1990-04","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/0010-2180(90)90049-W","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/001021809090049W?via{\\%}3Dihub","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:21Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:21Z"}}


key: KNHHUQN7
data:
  {"key":"KNHHUQN7","version":403,"data":{"key":"KNHHUQN7","version":403,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Determination , correlation , and mechanistic interpretation of effects of hydrogen addition on laminar flame speeds of hydrocarbon – air mixtures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C L","lastName":"Tang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Z H","lastName":"Huang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C K","lastName":"Law"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"33","issue":"1","pages":"921–928","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2010.05.039","ISSN":"1540-7489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2010.05.039","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"hydrogen addition"},{"tag":"laminar flame speed"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:21Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:21Z"}}


key: LJKHB6BD
data:
  {"key":"LJKHB6BD","version":403,"data":{"key":"LJKHB6BD","version":403,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental and numerical study on lean premixed methane – hydrogen – air flames at elevated pressures and temperatures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Erjiang","lastName":"Hu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zuohua","lastName":"Huang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jiajia","lastName":"He"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Haiyan","lastName":"Miao"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"34","issue":"16","pages":"6951–6960","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.06.072","ISSN":"0360-3199","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.06.072","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:21Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:21Z"}}


key: SMRYTUBR
data:
  {"key":"SMRYTUBR","version":403,"data":{"key":"SMRYTUBR","version":403,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Investigation into the Effect of Flame Propagation in the Gasoline Compression Ignition by Coupling G-Equation and Reduced Chemical Kinetics Combustion Model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Buyu","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhi","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shijin","lastName":"Shuai"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jianxin","lastName":"Wang"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:21Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:21Z"}}


key: P79DVLK5
data:
  {"key":"P79DVLK5","version":403,"data":{"key":"P79DVLK5","version":403,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"ScienceDirect Uncertainty in stretch extrapolation of laminar flame speed from expanding spherical flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fujia","lastName":"Wu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wenkai","lastName":"Liang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zheng","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yiguang","lastName":"Ju"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chung K","lastName":"Law"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"35","issue":"1","pages":"663–670","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.065","ISSN":"1540-7489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.065","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[{"tag":"extrapolation"},{"tag":"flame speed"},{"tag":"spherical flame"},{"tag":"stretch"},{"tag":"uncertainty"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:21Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:21Z"}}


key: 888I78NR
data:
  {"key":"888I78NR","version":403,"data":{"key":"888I78NR","version":403,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Some Basic Issues of the Averaged","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Open","lastName":"Access"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Andrei N","lastName":"Lipatnikov"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"2","pages":"53–58","date":"2008","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:20Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:20Z"}}


key: FMMWWEAL
data:
  {"key":"FMMWWEAL","version":402,"data":{"key":"FMMWWEAL","version":402,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"High-pressure oxidation of ethane","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hamid","lastName":"Hashemi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jon G","lastName":"Jacobsen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Christian T","lastName":"Rasmussen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jakob M","lastName":"Christensen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Peter","lastName":"Glarborg"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sander","lastName":"Gersen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Martijn Van","lastName":"Essen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Howard B","lastName":"Levinsky"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stephen J","lastName":"Klippenstein"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"182","issue":"","pages":"150–166","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.03.028","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.03.028","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Ethane"},{"tag":"High pressure"},{"tag":"Ignition"},{"tag":"Reaction kinetics"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:20Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:20Z"}}


key: AI8LU6JM
data:
  {"key":"AI8LU6JM","version":402,"data":{"key":"AI8LU6JM","version":402,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Measured and Predicted Soot Particle Emissions from Natural Gas Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Riccardo","lastName":"Amirante"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Elia","lastName":"Distaso"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Paolo","lastName":"Tamburrano"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Politecnico","lastName":"Bari"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2015-24-2518.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:20Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:20Z"}}


key: 4IBJEEHH
data:
  {"key":"4IBJEEHH","version":402,"data":{"key":"4IBJEEHH","version":402,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Chemistry acceleration with tabulated dynamic adaptive chemistry in a realistic engine with a primary reference fuel","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Lei","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Haiqiao","lastName":"Wei"}],"abstractNote":"Detailed kinetic reaction mechanisms are necessary for accurate prediction of combustion characteristics such as ignition and emissions in realistic engines. However, the calculation of chemically reacting flows with detailed chemistry is computational expensive due to the large number of species and reactions involved. In this study, a combined approach of dynamic adaptive chemistry (DAC) and in situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) for efficient chemistry calculations has been implemented into a three-dimensional flow solver to simulate a homogenous charged compression ignition (HCCI) engine with a primary reference fuel (PRF). In the combined method, ISAT speeds up the chemistry calculation by reducing the number of integrations of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) governing chemical kinetics through tabulating and re-using the ODE solutions. At the meantime, DAC accelerates the necessary ODE integrations via the use of locally valid reduced mechanisms, which are obtained using the direct relation graph (DRG) method. The study shows that ISAT-DAC can achieve a speedup factor of about three with accurate prediction of composition and heat release even for the pressure-varying transient engine simulation with significant composition inhomogeneity resulting from wall heat loss. A detailed analysis reveals that the combined method effectively reduces the computational cost through taking advantage of the respective acceleration characteristics of DAC and ISAT at different combustion stages. In the low temperature combustion stage between about 650 K and 1000 K, even though the reduction in the mechanism size and consequently the ODE integration of the chemical kinetics by DAC is not significant, the combined method can still reach a speed-up factor of more than 100 due to the fact that the tabulated entries can effectively be reused. For the high temperature region, even though the tabulated entries cannot be reused due to the rapid change of the pressure and large composition inhomogeneity resulting from the active combustion and heat loss, DAC can effectively reduce the size of the needed ODE integrations by freezing a significant number of unimportant species and reactions. The study further quantifies the effect of composition inhomogeneity on the computation efficiency in detailed chemistry calculations in realistic engine simulations. For the case considered, the temperature inhomogeneity due to the wall heat loss obviously increases at around top dead center (TDC), reaching a level of 350 K difference in temperature within the combustion chamber. Consequently, the overall computational efficiency in chemistry calculation by the combined method has been reduced by 40% compared to the case without heat loss.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"171","issue":"","pages":"186–194","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2015.12.055","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.12.055","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Computational cost"},{"tag":"HCCI"},{"tag":"ISAT-DAC"},{"tag":"Temperature inhomogeneity"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:20Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:20Z"}}


key: EN7JQPBC
data:
  {"key":"EN7JQPBC","version":402,"data":{"key":"EN7JQPBC","version":402,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical analysis of the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engines with multiple injection strategies using a modified 2-D flamelet model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gyujin","lastName":"Kim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sunyoung","lastName":"Moon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Seungha","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kyoungdoug","lastName":"Min"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alessandro","lastName":"Coclite"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Giuseppe","lastName":"Pascazio"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Pietro","lastName":"De Palma"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Luigi","lastName":"Cutrone"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matthias","lastName":"Ihme"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L. P H","lastName":"De Goey"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"T.","lastName":"Plessing"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R. T E","lastName":"Hermanns"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N.","lastName":"Peters"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shuonan","lastName":"Xu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"David","lastName":"Anderson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mark","lastName":"Hoffman"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robert","lastName":"Prucka"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zoran","lastName":"Filipi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Lei","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Haiqiao","lastName":"Wei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sudip","lastName":"Adhikari"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alan","lastName":"Sayre"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Abhilash J.","lastName":"Chandy"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Francesco","lastName":"Contino"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hervé","lastName":"Jeanmart"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tommaso","lastName":"Lucchini"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gianluca","lastName":"D'Errico"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Haiqiao","lastName":"Wei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ceyuan","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hua","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wanhui","lastName":"Zhao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhuyin","lastName":"Ren"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stephen B. SB B Stephen B","lastName":"Pope"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M","lastName":"Jia"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M.-Z.","lastName":"Xie"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stephen B. SB B Stephen B","lastName":"Pope"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Dmitry A.","lastName":"Lysenko"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ivar S.","lastName":"Ertesvåg"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kjell Erik","lastName":"Rian"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Christian","lastName":"Brackmann"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhenkan","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhongshan","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mattias","lastName":"Richter"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Marcus","lastName":"Aldén"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xue Song","lastName":"Bai"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gyujin","lastName":"Kim"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sunyoung","lastName":"Moon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Seungha","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kyoungdoug","lastName":"Min"}],"abstractNote":"This paper presents an efficient computational implementation of the in situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) approach (Pope, 1997) for combustion chemistry in a network of perfectly stirred reactors (PSRs) for the investigation of soot formation and growth. This study, for the first time, extends the thermochemical composition vector to contain the soot moments, using the method of moments with interpolative closure (MOMIC) as a soot model with six concentration moments. A series of PSR calculations is carried out using the direct integration (DI) and ISAT approaches. Assessment of the accuracy of ISAT approach is conducted through direct comparisons with DI calculations. Moreover, complimentary cumulative distribution function (CCDF), sensitivity of ISAT calculations with respect to the absolute error tolerance values and speedup are analyzed for two different test cases of ethylene–air using two different chemical kinetic mechanisms. A maximum speedup of 50 × was achieved for an error tolerance of 10−4.","publicationTitle":"Energies","volume":"10","issue":"1","pages":"196–208","date":"2017-01","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.3390/en10091292","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.06.016 http://tcg.mae.cornell.edu/pubs/Pope{\\_}FDA{\\_}08.pdf http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33645450533{\\&}partnerID=40{\\&}rel=R8.2.0 https://doi.org/10.1080/713665229 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 8228801661\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd\n_eprint: 1504.04957","tags":[{"tag":"CFD"},{"tag":"Chemical kinetics model"},{"tag":"Collapse method"},{"tag":"Complimentary cumulative distribution function"},{"tag":"Composition inhomogeneity"},{"tag":"Compressible Reynolds-averaged simulations"},{"tag":"Computational cost"},{"tag":"Computational fluid dynamics"},{"tag":"Direct integration"},{"tag":"Distributed reaction zone regime"},{"tag":"Dual fuel"},{"tag":"Dynamic adaptative chemistry"},{"tag":"Eddy Dissipation Concept"},{"tag":"End-gas auto-ignition"},{"tag":"Engine"},{"tag":"Engine knock"},{"tag":"Flame thickness"},{"tag":"Flame/turbulence interaction"},{"tag":"HCCI"},{"tag":"Heat loss"},{"tag":"Homogeneous charge compression ignition"},{"tag":"Homogeneous charge compression ignition engine"},{"tag":"ISAT"},{"tag":"ISAT-DAC"},{"tag":"In situ adaptive tabulation"},{"tag":"Internal combustion engine"},{"tag":"Laser-diagnostics"},{"tag":"Methane combustion"},{"tag":"Modelling"},{"tag":"Modified 2-D flamelet model"},{"tag":"Multi-scalar imaging"},{"tag":"Multiple injection"},{"tag":"NOxemissions"},{"tag":"Negative temperature coefficient"},{"tag":"OpenFOAM"},{"tag":"Perfectly stirred reactor"},{"tag":"Premixed turbulent combustion"},{"tag":"Presumed PDF"},{"tag":"Pruning"},{"tag":"RADAU5"},{"tag":"Reaction mapping gradient"},{"tag":"Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations"},{"tag":"Sandia flame CHNa"},{"tag":"Scalar correlation"},{"tag":"Storage/retrieve approach"},{"tag":"Sydney flame HM1E"},{"tag":"Temperature inhomogeneity"},{"tag":"Thin reaction zone regime"},{"tag":"Thin reaction zones regime"},{"tag":"Turbulent mixing"},{"tag":"Turbulent non-premixed combustion"},{"tag":"Turbulent premixed flame structure"},{"tag":"combustion"},{"tag":"diesel"},{"tag":"natural gas"},{"tag":"triple-Wiebe function"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:20Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:20Z"}}


key: RSJVLLFN
data:
  {"key":"RSJVLLFN","version":402,"data":{"key":"RSJVLLFN","version":402,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effects of Lewis number and ignition energy on the determination of laminar flame speed using propagating spherical flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zheng","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Michael P.","lastName":"Burke"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yiguang","lastName":"Ju"}],"abstractNote":"The trajectories of outwardly propagating spherical flames initiated by an external energy deposition are studied theoretically, numerically, and experimentally by using hydrogen/air mixtures. Emphasis is placed on how to accurately determine the laminar flame speeds experimentally from the time history of the flame fronts for mixtures with different Lewis numbers and ignition energies. The results show that there is a critical flame radius only above which is the linear and non-linear extrapolation for flame speeds valid. It is found that the critical radius depends strongly on the Lewis number. At large Lewis numbers, the critical radius is larger than the minimum flame radius used in the experimental measurements, leading to invalid flame speed extrapolation. The results also show that there is a maximum Karlovitz number beyond which propagating spherical flame does not exist. The maximum Karlovitz number decreases dramatically with the increase of Lewis number. Furthermore, the results show that the ignition energy has a significant impact on the flame trajectories. It is found that the unsteady flame transition causes a flame speed reverse phenomenon near the maximum Karlovitz number with different ignition energies. The occurrence of flame speed reverse greatly narrows the experimental data range for flame speed extrapolation. The strong dependence of flame trajectory on ignition energy and the existence of the flame speed reverse phenomenon are also confirmed by experimental results.","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"32 I","issue":"1","pages":"1253–1260","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2008.05.060","ISSN":"15407489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2008.05.060","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 1540-7489\nPublisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[{"tag":"Flame speed reverse"},{"tag":"Flame transition"},{"tag":"Ignition energy"},{"tag":"Laminar flame speed"},{"tag":"Spherical flame"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:19Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:19Z"}}


key: 6B686EVR
data:
  {"key":"6B686EVR","version":402,"data":{"key":"6B686EVR","version":402,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effect of turbulent mixing on the end gas auto-ignition of n-heptane/air mixtures under IC engine-relevant conditions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Haiqiao","lastName":"Wei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ceyuan","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hua","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wanhui","lastName":"Zhao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhuyin","lastName":"Ren"}],"abstractNote":"The effect of turbulence on the end-gas auto-ignition (AI) of stoichiometric n-heptane/air mixtures under engine relevant conditions is numerically studied through a combined methodology of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and one-dimensional stand-alone Linear Eddy Model (LEM). Similar end-gas auto-ignition process in super rapid compression machine experiments is first been qualitatively reproduced through LES. To further investigate the effect of small-scale turbulence-chemistry interaction on the end-gas auto-ignition in the near-wall region which consists of a core region and a boundary layer, 1-D LEM simulations are performed by extracting the thermal-chemical and turbulent parameters at top dead center from LES. The parametric study covers a range of representative fluctuation velocity values under engine-like conditions at two initial temperatures of 700 K and 900 K, which are below and within the Negative Temperature Coefficient regime respectively. It is generally found that, increased turbulence intensity delays AI formation and also reduces the kernel size at the onset of AI. At the initial temperature of 700 K, intense turbulence can change the combustion mode of the end-gas following the initial spontaneous auto-ignition in the core region. Diffusive - reactive flame structures are observed and the kernel expansion is governed by turbulent flame propagation. At a high initial temperature of 900 K, the formation of “cold” AI kernels is inhibited with increased turbulence intensity. A budget analysis reveals that the expansion processes of nascent kernels mainly are spontaneous ignitions and turbulence may enhance the local scalar mixing. However, turbulence won't change the nature of auto-ignition propagation wave driven dominantly by exothermicity during the end-gas combustion process.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"174","issue":"","pages":"25–36","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.09.011","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0010-2180\nPublisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"End-gas auto-ignition"},{"tag":"Engine knock"},{"tag":"Negative temperature coefficient"},{"tag":"Turbulent mixing"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:19Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:19Z"}}


key: 3Q4W2PU6
data:
  {"key":"3Q4W2PU6","version":402,"data":{"key":"3Q4W2PU6","version":402,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Advances and challenges in laminar fl ame experiments and implications for combustion chemistry","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F N","lastName":"Egolfopoulos"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N","lastName":"Hansen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Y","lastName":"Ju"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K","lastName":"Kohse-höinghaus"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C K","lastName":"Law"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F","lastName":"Qi"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"43","issue":"","pages":"36–67","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.pecs.2014.04.004","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:19Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:19Z"}}


key: Y7BGTK8S
data:
  {"key":"Y7BGTK8S","version":401,"data":{"key":"Y7BGTK8S","version":401,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Large eddy simulation and laser diagnostic studies on a low swirl stratified premixed flame","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K","lastName":"Nogenmyr"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C","lastName":"Fureby"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"X S","lastName":"Bai"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P","lastName":"Petersson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R","lastName":"Collin"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M","lastName":"Linne"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"156","issue":"1","pages":"25–36","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.06.014","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.06.014","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"lean premixed stratified flames"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:19Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:19Z"}}


key: PHJIH4Z4
data:
  {"key":"PHJIH4Z4","version":401,"data":{"key":"PHJIH4Z4","version":401,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Simplified Formulations for Turbulent Combustion of Hydrogen Reacting Navier-Stokes Conservation Equations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Forman A","lastName":"Williams"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"La","lastName":"Jolla"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"General Basic","lastName":"Equations"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kolmogorov Turbulence","lastName":"Scaling"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chemical-kinetic","lastName":"Approximations"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Transport-property","lastName":"Approximations"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Simplified Conservation","lastName":"Equations"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Turbulent","lastName":"Hydrogen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Diffusion","lastName":"Flames"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–25","date":"","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:19Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:19Z"}}


key: 96ZSNAFQ
data:
  {"key":"96ZSNAFQ","version":401,"data":{"key":"96ZSNAFQ","version":401,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"ScienceDirect Kinetic analysis of H 2 addition effect on the laminar flame parameters of the C1 e C4 n-alkane-air mixtures : From one step overall assumption to detailed reaction mechanism","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yu","lastName":"Cheng"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chenglong","lastName":"Tang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zuohua","lastName":"Huang"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"40","issue":"1","pages":"703–718","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.11.010","ISSN":"0360-3199","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.11.010","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:19Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:19Z"}}


key: BG76PWFE
data:
  {"key":"BG76PWFE","version":401,"data":{"key":"BG76PWFE","version":401,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Analysis of flamelet leading point dynamics in an inhomogeneous flow","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alberto","lastName":"Amato"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Timothy C","lastName":"Lieuwen"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"161","issue":"5","pages":"1337–1347","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.11.013","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.11.013","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z"}}


key: 7Q5UMEBS
data:
  {"key":"7Q5UMEBS","version":401,"data":{"key":"7Q5UMEBS","version":401,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"Modeling Premixed and Direct Injection SI Engine Combustion Using the G-Equation Model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhichao","lastName":"Tan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Song-charng","lastName":"Kong"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"","date":"2003","proceedingsTitle":"SAE Technical Paper","conferenceName":"","place":"","publisher":"","volume":"","pages":"","series":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z"}}


key: NHSLAEYH
data:
  {"key":"NHSLAEYH","version":401,"data":{"key":"NHSLAEYH","version":401,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effects of hydrogen addition on the propagation of spherical methane / air flames : A computational study","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zheng","lastName":"Chen"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"34","issue":"15","pages":"6558–6567","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.06.001","ISSN":"0360-3199","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.06.001","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z"}}


key: FUMV9K2G
data:
  {"key":"FUMV9K2G","version":401,"data":{"key":"FUMV9K2G","version":401,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"N-heptane micro pilot assisted methane combustion in a Rapid Compression Expansion Machine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stéphanie","lastName":"Schlatter"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bruno","lastName":"Schneider"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yuri M","lastName":"Wright"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Konstantinos","lastName":"Boulouchos"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"179","issue":"x","pages":"339–352","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.03.006","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"dual fuel combustion"},{"tag":"rapid compression expansion machine"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z"}}


key: H96CDJAC
data:
  {"key":"H96CDJAC","version":401,"data":{"key":"H96CDJAC","version":401,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The propagation of a laminar reaction front during end-gas auto-ignition","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jason B.","lastName":"Martz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"George A.","lastName":"Lavoie"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hong G.","lastName":"Im"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robert J.","lastName":"Middleton"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Aristotelis","lastName":"Babajimopoulos"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Dionissios N.","lastName":"Assanis"}],"abstractNote":"A transient, one dimensional premixed laminar reaction front is used as a model problem to further understand the physical processes influencing reaction front propagation during the various stages of spark-assisted compression ignition (SACI) combustion for both constant and variable domain pressures. This approach is consistent with the wrinkled laminar flame representation of turbulent, spark ignited engine combustion. With the proper choice of timescales and pressure rise rate, it applies to the interaction of the flame with auto-igniting end-gas in a typical automotive engine. Under the conditions simulated by a transient flame code, the reaction front begins as a deflagration, propagating into an end-gas with an initially negligible level of reaction progress. The diffusive-reactive nature of the front is maintained until significant levels of end-gas reaction progress, where the burning velocity depends upon the degree of pre-reaction. At the time of the end-gas maximum chemical power, the maximum temperature gradient and peak rate of heat conduction within the front diminish to the point where combustion becomes chemically controlled. Although significant increases in burning velocity are observed at the onset of chemically controlled combustion within the front, the end-gas is within one front time from the completion of combustion. As a result, no more than one front thickness is consumed by the apparent propagation of the spontaneous ignition front. © 2012 The Combustion Institute.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"159","issue":"6","pages":"2077–2086","date":"2012","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.01.011","ISSN":"00102180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.01.011","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[{"tag":"Auto-ignition"},{"tag":"Knock"},{"tag":"Laminar burning velocity"},{"tag":"Low temperature combustion"},{"tag":"Spark assisted compression ignition"},{"tag":"Spark ignition"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z"}}


key: VJBVJ9KT
data:
  {"key":"VJBVJ9KT","version":401,"data":{"key":"VJBVJ9KT","version":401,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"High-pressure oxidation of methane","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hamid","lastName":"Hashemi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jakob M","lastName":"Christensen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sander","lastName":"Gersen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Howard","lastName":"Levinsky"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stephen J","lastName":"Klippenstein"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Peter","lastName":"Glarborg"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"172","issue":"","pages":"349–364","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.07.016","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.07.016","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"High pressure"},{"tag":"Ignition"},{"tag":"Methane"},{"tag":"Reaction kinetics"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z"}}


key: W9LT2BTG
data:
  {"key":"W9LT2BTG","version":400,"data":{"key":"W9LT2BTG","version":400,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Explosion characteristics of methane-ethane mixtures in air","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaobo","lastName":"Shen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaoliang","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Guangli","lastName":"Xiu"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries","volume":"45","issue":"","pages":"102–107","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.jlp.2016.11.012","ISSN":"0950-4230","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2016.11.012","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z"}}


key: R9ATXI69
data:
  {"key":"R9ATXI69","version":400,"data":{"key":"R9ATXI69","version":400,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Study on the potential of BML-approach and G -equation concept-based models for predicting swirling partially premixed combustion systems : URANS computations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"E","lastName":"Schneider"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A","lastName":"Maltsev"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A","lastName":"Sadiki"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J","lastName":"Janicka"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"152","issue":"","pages":"548–572","date":"2008","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2007.10.013","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"bml-approach"},{"tag":"cpva"},{"tag":"g -equation"},{"tag":"partially premixed combustion systems"},{"tag":"urans"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z"}}


key: C7VDA5PF
data:
  {"key":"C7VDA5PF","version":400,"data":{"key":"C7VDA5PF","version":400,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Analysis of the flame thickness of turbulent flamelets in the thin reaction zones regime","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L. P H","lastName":"De Goey"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"T.","lastName":"Plessing"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R. T E","lastName":"Hermanns"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"N.","lastName":"Peters"}],"abstractNote":"The thickness of the instantaneous flamelets in a turbulent flame brush on a weak-swirl burner burning in the thin reaction zones regime has been analysed experimentally, theoretically, and numerically. The experimental flame thickness has been measured correlating two simultaneous Rayleigh images and one OH-image from two closely spaced cross sections in the flame. It appears that the low temperature edge of the flame is thickened by turbulent eddies but that these structures cannot penetrate far enough into the flame front to distort the inner layer for the moderate Karlovitz numbers used. The flame front based on the temperature gradient at the inner layer becomes thinner for lean flames and thicker for rich methane-air flames. This has been explained theoretically and numerically by studying the influence of flame stretch and preferential diffusion on the flame thickness. It appears that the flame front thickness at the inner layer (and mass burning rate) is not influenced by turbulent mixing processes, and it seems that eddies of the size of the inner layer have to be used to change this picture. Experiments closer to the boundary of the broken reaction zones regime have to confirm this in the future.","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"30","issue":"1","pages":"859–865","date":"2005","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.016","ISSN":"15407489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.016","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[{"tag":"Flame thickness"},{"tag":"Laser-diagnostics"},{"tag":"Modelling"},{"tag":"Premixed turbulent combustion"},{"tag":"Thin reaction zones regime"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z"}}


key: PEPGWDBM
data:
  {"key":"PEPGWDBM","version":400,"data":{"key":"PEPGWDBM","version":400,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Cell formation effects on the burning speeds and flame front area of synthetic gas at high pressures and temperatures","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Omid","lastName":"Askari"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mimmo","lastName":"Elia"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Matthew","lastName":"Ferrari"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hameed","lastName":"Metghalchi"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Applied Energy","volume":"189","issue":"","pages":"568–577","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.090","ISSN":"0306-2619","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.090","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"cellular burning speed"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:18Z"}}


key: INUR26MV
data:
  {"key":"INUR26MV","version":400,"data":{"key":"INUR26MV","version":400,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Integration of a Continuous Multi-Component Fuel Evaporation Model with an Improved G-Equation Combustion and Detailed Chemical Kinetics Model with Application to GDI Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shiyou","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"}],"abstractNote":"A continuous multi-component fuel evaporation model has been integrated with an improved G-equation combustion and detailed chemical kinetics model. The integrated code has been successfully used to simulate a gasoline direct injection engine. In the multi-component fuel model, the theory of continuous thermodynamics is used to model the properties and composition of multicomponent fuels such as gasoline. In the improved Gequation combustion model a flamelet approach based on the G-equation is used that considers multicomponent fuel effects. To precisely calculate the local and instantaneous residual which has a great effect on the laminar flame speed, a transport equation residual model is used. A Damkohler number criterion is used to determine the combustion mode in flame containing cells. To consider the change of local fuel vapor mixture composition, a PRF adaptive method is proposed that formulates a relationship between the fuel vapor mixture PRF number (or Octane number) and the fuel vapor mixture composition based on the mean molecular weight and variance of the fuel vapor mixture composition in each cell. The laminar flame speed has been updated to consider multi-component fuel effects, as a function of pressure, temperature, equivalence ratio, residual, and fuel vapor mixture PRF number. To model the chemistry process in the unburned region in front of the flame and in burned regions behind the flame, a recently developed PRF mechanism is used to describe the multi-component fuel mixture. Simulations of the vaporization of a single droplet with a single-component fuel (iso-octane) are compared with multi-component fuel cases. The vaporization of a spray of multi-component fuel injected into a chamber is simulated for both normal and flash-boiling conditions. The new PRF mechanism is validated against shock tube data. In addition, gasoline direct injection engine combustion is simulated at different manifold absolute pressures, different end-offuel injection timings, and different spark ignition timings. The simulated in-cylinder pressures and heat release rates are compared with experiment data and good agreements are found.","publicationTitle":"SAE Technical Paper Series","volume":"","issue":"2009-01-0722","pages":"–01–0722","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2009-01-0722","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z"}}


key: 38DIYYH2
data:
  {"key":"38DIYYH2","version":400,"data":{"key":"38DIYYH2","version":400,"itemType":"thesis","title":"Complex chemistry modeling of diesel spray combustion","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P. A Niklas","lastName":"Nordin"}],"abstractNote":"The thesis illustrates the application of computational fluid dynamics$\\backslash$n(CFD) to turbulent reactive two-phase flows in piston engines.$\\backslash$n$\\backslash$n$\\backslash$nThe focus of the thesis lies on numerical simulations of spray combustion$\\backslash$nphenomena with an emphasis on the modeling of turbulence/chemistry$\\backslash$ninteraction effects using a detailed chemistry approach. The turbulence/chemistry$\\backslash$ninteraction model accounts for the effects of turbulent micro-mixing$\\backslash$non the chemical reaction rates. The models have been implemented$\\backslash$nin the {$\\backslash$bf KIVA3-V} code and successfully applied to spray combustion$\\backslash$nanalysis in a constant volume and a DI Diesel engine. The limitations$\\backslash$nand difficulties of representing the spray in a Lagrangian fashion$\\backslash$nare also adressed.$\\backslash$n$\\backslash$n$\\backslash$nThree different liquid fuels have been used in the simulations: n-heptane,$\\backslash$nmethanol and dimethyl ether (DME). Detailed and reduced chemical$\\backslash$nmechanisms have been developed and validated for all these fuels$\\backslash$nand reasonable agreement between experimental data and numerical$\\backslash$nsimulations has been obtained.","thesisType":"PhD Thesis","university":"","place":"","date":"2001","numPages":"1–55","language":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9172910054\nISSN: 0346718X\nIssue: 1689\nPublication Title: Chalmers Tekniska Hogskola","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z"}}


key: G9SU6V87
data:
  {"key":"G9SU6V87","version":400,"data":{"key":"G9SU6V87","version":400,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Explosion behaviors of mixtures of methane and air with saturated water vapor","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaobo","lastName":"Shen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaoliang","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sizhe","lastName":"Wu"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"FUEL","volume":"177","issue":"","pages":"15–18","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.095","ISSN":"0016-2361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.095","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z"}}


key: YGRF3MHI
data:
  {"key":"YGRF3MHI","version":400,"data":{"key":"YGRF3MHI","version":400,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A phenomenological combustion analysis of a dual-fuel natural-gas diesel engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shuonan","lastName":"Xu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"David","lastName":"Anderson"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mark","lastName":"Hoffman"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robert","lastName":"Prucka"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zoran","lastName":"Filipi"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering","volume":"231","issue":"1","pages":"66–83","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1177/0954407016633337","ISSN":"09544070","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0954407016","tags":[{"tag":"Dual fuel"},{"tag":"combustion"},{"tag":"diesel"},{"tag":"natural gas"},{"tag":"triple-Wiebe function"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z"}}


key: LRSBZ7IU
data:
  {"key":"LRSBZ7IU","version":400,"data":{"key":"LRSBZ7IU","version":400,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Thin reaction zone and distributed reaction zone regimes in turbulent premixed methane/air flames: Scalar distributions and correlations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Zhou"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Christian","lastName":"Brackmann"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhenkan","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhongshan","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mattias","lastName":"Richter"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Marcus","lastName":"Aldén"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xue Song","lastName":"Bai"}],"abstractNote":"A series of premixed turbulent methane/air jet flames in the thin reaction zone (TRZ) and distributed reaction zone (DRZ) regimes were studied using simultaneous three-scalar high-resolution imaging measurements, including HCO/OH/CH2O, CH/OH/CH2O, T/OH/CH2O and T/CH/OH/. These scalar fields offer a possibility of revisiting the structures of turbulent premixed flames in different combustion regimes. In particular, CH2O provides a measure of the preheat zone, CH/HCO a measure of the inner layer of the reaction zone, and OH a measure of the oxidation zone. Scalar correlations are analyzed on both single-shot and statistical basis, and resolvable correlated structures of ∼100 µm between scalars are captured. With increasing turbulence intensity, it is shown that the preheat zone and the inner layer of the reaction zone become gradually broadened/distributed, and the correlation between HCO and [OH]LIF×[CH2O]LIFdecreases. A transition from the TRZ regime to the DRZ regime is found around Karlovitz number of 70–100. The physical and chemical effects on the broadening of the flame are investigated. In the TRZ regime the inner layer marker CH and HCO remains thin in general although occasional local broadening of CH/HCO could be observed. Furthermore, there is a significant probability of finding CH and HCO at rather low temperatures even in the TRZ regime. In the DRZ regime, the broadening of CH and HCO are shown to be mainly a result of local reactions facilitated by rapid turbulent transport of radicals and intermediate reactants in the upstream of the reaction paths. Differential diffusion is expected to have an important effect in the DRZ regime, as H radicals seemingly play a more important role than OH radicals.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"175","issue":"","pages":"220–236","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.06.016","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.06.016","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0010-2180\nPublisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"Distributed reaction zone regime"},{"tag":"Flame/turbulence interaction"},{"tag":"Multi-scalar imaging"},{"tag":"Scalar correlation"},{"tag":"Thin reaction zone regime"},{"tag":"Turbulent premixed flame structure"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z"}}


key: H7J8NY5U
data:
  {"key":"H7J8NY5U","version":400,"data":{"key":"H7J8NY5U","version":400,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical simulation of non-premixed turbulent combustion using the eddy dissipation concept and comparing with the steady laminar flamelet model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Dmitry A.","lastName":"Lysenko"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ivar S.","lastName":"Ertesvåg"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kjell Erik","lastName":"Rian"}],"abstractNote":"Numerical simulations of the Sandia flame CHNa and the Sydney bluff-body stabilized flame HM1E are reported and the results are compared to available experimental data. The numerical method is based on compressible URANS formulations which were implemented recently in the OpenFOAM toolbox. In this study, the calculations are carried out using the conventional compressible URANS approach and a standard k- turbulence model. The Eddy Dissipation Concept with a detailed chemistry approach is used for the turbulence-chemistry interaction. The syngas (CO/H2) chemistry diluted by 30 % nitrogen in the Sandia flame CHNa and CH4/H2 combustion in the Sydney flame HM1E are described by the full GRI-3.0 mechanism. A robust implicit Runge-Kutta method (RADAU5) is used for integrating stiff ordinary differential equations to calculate the reaction rates. The radiation is treated by the P1-approximation model. Both target flames are predicted with the Steady Laminar Flamelet model using the commercial code ANSYS FLUENT as well. In general, there is good agreement between present simulations and measurements for both flames, which indicates that the proposed numerical method is suitable for this type of combustion, provides acceptable accuracy and is ready for further combustion application development.","publicationTitle":"Flow, Turbulence and Combustion","volume":"93","issue":"4","pages":"577–605","date":"2014","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1007/s10494-014-9551-7","ISSN":"15731987","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Compressible Reynolds-averaged simulations"},{"tag":"Eddy Dissipation Concept"},{"tag":"OpenFOAM"},{"tag":"RADAU5"},{"tag":"Sandia flame CHNa"},{"tag":"Sydney flame HM1E"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z"}}


key: HPW8WVTL
data:
  {"key":"HPW8WVTL","version":399,"data":{"key":"HPW8WVTL","version":399,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"On the extraction of laminar flame speed and Markstein length from outwardly propagating spherical flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zheng","lastName":"Chen"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"158","issue":"2","pages":"291–300","date":"2011","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.09.001","ISSN":"0010-2180","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.09.001","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute.","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z"}}


key: N3EJK59P
data:
  {"key":"N3EJK59P","version":399,"data":{"key":"N3EJK59P","version":399,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Computationally efficient implementation of combustion chemistry using in situ adaptive tabulation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S B","lastName":"Pope"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Combustion Theory and Modelling","volume":"1","issue":"1","pages":"41–63","date":"1997-01","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1080/713665229","ISSN":"1364-7830","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/713665229","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Taylor & Francis","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:17Z"}}


key: AEWLFKVD
data:
  {"key":"AEWLFKVD","version":432,"data":{"key":"AEWLFKVD","version":432,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Drop Bouncing on Liquid Film : Evolution of Gas Layer","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaoyu","lastName":"Tang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Abhishek","lastName":"Saha"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chung K","lastName":"Law"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chao","lastName":"Sun"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"10th US Combustion meeting","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"bouncing-merging transition"},{"tag":"drop-impact"},{"tag":"interfacial gas layer"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z"}}


key: FZAD89S9
data:
  {"key":"FZAD89S9","version":431,"data":{"key":"FZAD89S9","version":431,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical investigation of the effect split injection scheme on exergy terms in an IDI (indirect injection) diesel engine by three dimensional modeling","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Samad","lastName":"Jafarmadar"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Peyman","lastName":"Nemati"}],"abstractNote":"The investigations suggest that it is possible to control the injected masses between two subsequent injections in split injection schemes by modern injection systems. It offers the opportunity to optimize the injection system. During this investigation, therefore, the exergy analysis is carried out under various two-step injection schemes in which the percentage of total fuel injected in the first pulse is changed from 75% to 100%, and the value of dwelling time duration is 20°CA (crank angle) for all cases. The calculations were performed on a Lister 8.1 IDI (indirect injection) diesel engine at full load operation. The energy analysis for these schemes was performed during a closed cycle by utilizing a three-dimensional CFD (computational fluid dynamics) code. The cylinder pressure results of the baseline engine were compared with the corresponding experimental data which showed a good agreement. For the exergy analysis, an in-house computational code was developed, which uses the results of the energy analysis at various cases. With crank angle position and the percentage of total fuel injected in the first pulse under different injection schemes, various rates of exergy and cumulative exergy components are identified and calculated separately. The results showed that the values of work exergy and exergy efficiency increase by 11.1% when the mass ratio injected in first pulse is changed from 75% to 100%.","publicationTitle":"Energy","volume":"93","issue":"","pages":"2280–2291","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.energy.2015.10.104","ISSN":"03605442","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.10.104","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Exergy efficiency"},{"tag":"IDI (indirect injection) engine"},{"tag":"Irreversibility"},{"tag":"Split injection"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z"}}


key: ZMZU6EU3
data:
  {"key":"ZMZU6EU3","version":431,"data":{"key":"ZMZU6EU3","version":431,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Differences between single and double-pass schlieren imaging on diesel vapor spray characteristics","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Raul","lastName":"Payri"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F. J.","lastName":"Salvador"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Gabriela","lastName":"Bracho"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Alberto","lastName":"Viera"}],"abstractNote":"The use of schlieren imaging at high acquisition rate has been adopted as a standard optical technique for the analysis of vaporizing diesel sprays under engine-like conditions. A single-pass schlieren arrangement is typically used for the study of axially drilled single-orifice nozzles, as vessels with multiple optical accesses regularly allow line of sight visualization. Contrarily, for multi-spray nozzles, measurements are commonly performed through a single optical access, in which case a double-pass arrangement is employed. As a consequence, the light beams pass through the test section twice, increasing the optical sensitivity of the schlieren setup. However, the influence this has on the macroscopic spray characteristics is still unclear. The scope of this study is to analyze the differences in vapor phase penetration and spreading angle measured for the same injection event, through high-speed imaging, for both single and double-pass schlieren configurations. Experiments were carried out with a three hole nozzle with a nominal orifice diameter of 90 μm, named Spray B from the Engine Combustion Network, using commercially available diesel fuel and in non-reactive conditions. The impact of different injection pressures, chamber temperatures and densities on the spray captured by each setup was assessed. On the results, vapor phase penetration and spreading angle followed the expected trend found in the literature, for the different boundary conditions tested. Comparing the optical setups, vapor phase penetration and spreading angle results obtained with the double-pass arrangement were marginally higher than those from the single-pass. The deviation was observed throughout all tested conditions. For spray tip penetration, although the discrepancy was approximately constant for different injection pressures and chamber temperature, it increased with increasing density. These results highlight the importance of a proper understanding regarding the limitations of optical diagnostics, in particular for results used in calibration of computational models.","publicationTitle":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"125","issue":"","pages":"220–231","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.06.140","ISSN":"13594311","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.06.140","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 1359-4311\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel injection"},{"tag":"Schlieren"},{"tag":"Spreading angle"},{"tag":"Vapor phase penetration"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z"}}


key: ZYH34LWY
data:
  {"key":"ZYH34LWY","version":431,"data":{"key":"ZYH34LWY","version":431,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A parallel volume of fluid-Lagrangian Parcel Tracking coupling procedure for diesel spray modelling","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H.","lastName":"Yu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"L.","lastName":"Goldsworthy"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M.","lastName":"Ghiji"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"P. A.","lastName":"Brandner"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"V.","lastName":"Garaniya"}],"abstractNote":"A parallel computing Eulerian/Lagrangian multi-scale coupling procedure for diesel spray simulation is presented. Early breakup of the diesel jet is captured by using a compressible Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. In regions where the phase interface can no longer be sufficiently resolved, separated and small scale liquid structures are described by a Lagrangian Parcel Tracking (LPT) approach, in conjunction with secondary breakup modelling and a turbulence stochastic dispersion model. The coupling of these two descriptions utilises a Region Coupling Method and an efficiently parallelised droplet identification and extraction procedure. This approach enables run-time VOF-LPT field coupling and filters small-scale liquid structures that are suitable candidates for Eulerian-liquid-structure/Lagrangian droplet conversion, preserving their position, mass and momentum. The coupling procedure is initially applied to model the atomisation of a simple liquid jet and the results are compared with that of a statistical coupling approach to demonstrate the performance of the developed coupling procedure. Its application is then extended to simulate a real diesel spray from a nozzle with a sharp entrance. Coupling in-nozzle phenomena such as flow separation, flow detachment and turbulence to the primary and secondary spray atomisation, provides a tool for the prediction of complex spray dynamics.","publicationTitle":"Computers and Fluids","volume":"150","issue":"","pages":"46–65","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2017.03.027","ISSN":"00457930","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Compressible flow"},{"tag":"Diesel spray atomisation"},{"tag":"Eulerian (Volume of Fluid)"},{"tag":"Lagrangian (Lagrangian Parcel Tracking)"},{"tag":"Parallel coupling"},{"tag":"Two-phase flows"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:47Z"}}


key: 95AX4S6X
data:
  {"key":"95AX4S6X","version":431,"data":{"key":"95AX4S6X","version":431,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"A Multicomponent Blend as a Diesel Fuel Surrogate for Compression Ignition Engine Applications","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yuanjiang","lastName":"Pei"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Marco","lastName":"Mehl"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wei","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tianfeng","lastName":"Lu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"William J.","lastName":"Pitz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sibendu","lastName":"Som"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","volume":"137","issue":"11","pages":"111502","date":"2015","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1115/1.4030416","ISSN":"0742-4795","shortTitle":"","url":"http://gasturbinespower.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?doi=10.1115/1.4030416","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 9780791846179","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z"}}


key: 437HK5MX
data:
  {"key":"437HK5MX","version":431,"data":{"key":"437HK5MX","version":431,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Theoretical study of the effects of pilot fuel quantity and its injection timing on the performance and emissions of a dual fuel diesel engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R. G.","lastName":"Papagiannakis"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D. T.","lastName":"Hountalas"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C. D.","lastName":"Rakopoulos"}],"abstractNote":"Various solutions have been proposed for improving the combustion process of conventional diesel engines and reducing the exhaust emissions without making serious modifications on the engine, one of which is the use of natural gas as a supplement for the conventional diesel fuel, the so called dual fuel natural gas diesel engines. The most common type of these is referred to as the pilot ignited natural gas diesel engine (PINGDE). Here, the primary fuel is natural gas that controls the engine power output, while the pilot diesel fuel injected near the end of the compression stroke auto-ignites and creates ignition sources for the surrounding gaseous fuel mixture to be burned. Previous research studies have shown that the main disadvantage of this dual fuel combustion is its negative impact on engine efficiency compared to the normal diesel operation, while carbon monoxide emissions are also increased. The pilot diesel fuel quantity and injection advance influence significantly the combustion mechanism. Then, in order to examine the effect of these two parameters on the performance and emissions, a comprehensive two-zone phenomenological model is employed and applied on a high-speed, pilot ignited, natural gas diesel engine located at the authors' laboratory. According to the results, the simultaneously increase of the pilot fuel quantity accompanied with an increase of its injection timing results to an improvement of the engine efficiency (increase) and of the emitted CO emissions (decrease) while it has a negative effect (increase) of NO emissions. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publicationTitle":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"48","issue":"11","pages":"2951–2961","date":"2007","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.enconman.2007.07.003","ISSN":"01968904","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0196-8904","tags":[{"tag":"Combustion"},{"tag":"Dual fuel diesel engine"},{"tag":"Emissions"},{"tag":"Injection timing"},{"tag":"Natural gas"},{"tag":"Pilot ignition"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z"}}


key: EJVK282U
data:
  {"key":"EJVK282U","version":431,"data":{"key":"EJVK282U","version":431,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Application of a New Turbulent Flame Speed Combustion Model on Burn Rate Simulation of Spark Ignition Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shiyou","lastName":"Yang"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"1","pages":"","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0588.Copyright","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z"}}


key: GGJ8RHWV
data:
  {"key":"GGJ8RHWV","version":431,"data":{"key":"GGJ8RHWV","version":431,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Information to users","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Edward","lastName":"Michael"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"1990","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z"}}


key: CU8S2QQK
data:
  {"key":"CU8S2QQK","version":431,"data":{"key":"CU8S2QQK","version":431,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Gas – Diesel ( dual-fuel ) modeling in diesel engine","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Cheikh","lastName":"Mansour"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Abdelhamid","lastName":"Bounif"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Abdelkader","lastName":"Aris"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Françoise","lastName":"Gaillard"}],"abstractNote":"The aim of this paper is to investigate the emission and performance characteristics of a commercial diesel engine (Deutz FL8 413F) being operated on natural gas with pilot diesel ignition. A computer program has been developed to model the experimental data usinga chemical kinetic reaction mechanism of the Gas–Diesel (dual-fuel) combustion. A detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms of natural gas and NOx were used to predict the main combustion characteristics (temperature, pressure and species concentrations) under the conditions of this study. The followingsections include a description of the experimental facilities, discussion of numerical simulation and engine test results. The performance in terms of accuracy of the networks is assessed by comparison with the experiments. A reasonably good prediction of performance and emission was obtained by computation covering the whole range of the engine operating conditions. It can be summarized that the results of this study are satisfactory. © 2001 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS dual-fuel","publicationTitle":"Int. J. Therm. Sci.","volume":"0729","issue":"40","pages":"409–424","date":"2001","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"Nomenclature"},{"tag":"dual-fuel / natural gas / diesel engine / combusti"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z"}}


key: A8VJTWJI
data:
  {"key":"A8VJTWJI","version":431,"data":{"key":"A8VJTWJI","version":431,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Development of multi-component surrogates of diesel from indirect coal liquefaction for spray analysis","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhong","lastName":"Huang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xiaochen","lastName":"Xu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Dehao","lastName":"Ju"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Dong","lastName":"Han"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Xinqi","lastName":"Qiao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhen","lastName":"Huang"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Energy","volume":"152","issue":"2","pages":"341–347","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.energy.2018.03.167","ISSN":"0360-5442","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.03.167","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z"}}


key: KA4QZ9YG
data:
  {"key":"KA4QZ9YG","version":430,"data":{"key":"KA4QZ9YG","version":430,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Large-eddy simulation of a turbulent piloted methane / air diffusion flame ( Sandia flame D )","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H","lastName":"Pitsch"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H","lastName":"Steiner"}],"abstractNote":"The Lagrangian Flamelet Model is formulated as a combustion model for large-eddy simulations of turbulent jet diffusion flames. The model is applied in a large-eddy simulation of a piloted partially premixed methane/air diffusion flame ?Sandia flame D?. The results of the simulation are compared to experimental data of the mean and RMS of the axial velocity and the mixture fraction and the unconditional and conditional averages of temperature and various species mass fractions, including CO and NO. All quantities are in good agreement with the experiments. The results indicate in accordance with experimental findings that regions of high strain appear in layer like structures, which are directed inwards and tend to align with the reaction zone, where the turbulence is fully developed. The analysis of the conditional temperature and mass fractions reveals a strong influence of the partial premixing of the fuel. ©","publicationTitle":"Physics of Fluids","volume":"2541","issue":"2000","pages":"","date":"2000","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1063/1.1288493","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z"}}


key: CK54KJCY
data:
  {"key":"CK54KJCY","version":430,"data":{"key":"CK54KJCY","version":430,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Thermodynamic analysis and system design of a novel split cycle engine concept","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Guangyu","lastName":"Dong"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Robert E.","lastName":"Morgan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Morgan R.","lastName":"Heikal"}],"abstractNote":"The split cycle engine is a new reciprocating internal combustion engine with a potential of a radical efficiency improvement. In this engine, the compression and combustion-expansion processes occur in different cylinders. In the compression cylinder, the charge air is compressed through a quasi-isothermal process by direct cooling of the air. The high pressure air is then heated in a recuperator using the waste heat of exhaust gas before induction to the combustion cylinder. The combustion process occurs during the expansion stroke, in a quasi-isobaric process. In this paper, a fundamental theoretical cycle analysis and one-dimensional engine simulation of the split cycle engine was undertaken. The results show that the thermal efficiency (η) is mainly decided by the CR (compression ratio) and ER (expansion ratio), the regeneration effectiveness (σ), and the temperature rising ratio (N). Based on the above analysis, a system optimization of the engine was conducted. The results showed that by increasing CR from 23 to 25, the combustion and recuperation processes could be improved. By increasing the expansion ratio to 26, the heat losses during the gas exchange stroke were further reduced. Furthermore, the coolant temperatures of the compression and expansion chambers can be controlled separately to reduce the wall heat transfer losses. Compared to a conventional engine, a 21% total efficiency improvement was achieved when the split cycle was applied. It was concluded that through the system optimization, a total thermal efficiency of 53% can be achieved on split cycle engine.","publicationTitle":"Energy","volume":"102","issue":"","pages":"576–585","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.energy.2016.02.102","ISSN":"03605442","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.02.102","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Isobaric combustion"},{"tag":"Isothermal compression"},{"tag":"Split cycle engine"},{"tag":"System optimization"},{"tag":"Waste heat recuperation"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z"}}


key: VVMGT5P8
data:
  {"key":"VVMGT5P8","version":430,"data":{"key":"VVMGT5P8","version":430,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Revisit of Diesel Reference Fuel ( n-Heptane ) Mechanism Applied to Multidimensional Diesel Ignition and Combustion Simulations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Feng","lastName":"Tao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Rolf D","lastName":"Reitz"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"David E","lastName":"Foster"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"17th International Multidimensional Engine Modeling User's Group Meeting","volume":"15","issue":"","pages":"1–8","date":"2007","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z"}}


key: FW9L5U56
data:
  {"key":"FW9L5U56","version":430,"data":{"key":"FW9L5U56","version":430,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Chemical explosive mode analysis on extinction of 1-D premixed counterflow flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ji-woong","lastName":"Park"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tianfeng","lastName":"Lu"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"12–15","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"chemical explosive mode analysis"},{"tag":"extinction"},{"tag":"lewis number"},{"tag":"premixed"},{"tag":"s -curve"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:46Z"}}


key: 5HAJVF56
data:
  {"key":"5HAJVF56","version":430,"data":{"key":"5HAJVF56","version":430,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Uncertainty reduction in laminar flame speed extrapolation for expanding spherical flames","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jialong","lastName":"Huo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sheng","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhuyin","lastName":"Ren"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Delin","lastName":"Zhu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Chung K.","lastName":"Law"}],"abstractNote":"The quantification and reduction of the uncertainties in the extrapolation process in laminar flame speed measurements were studied using expanding spherical flames under positive Markstein length (Lb\\textgreater 0) conditions. The experimental and computational results were first compared showing their differences. The performance of three extrapolation formulas was then examined under a wide range of experimental conditions using various extrapolation ranges and pressures. It is found that the extrapolation uncertainty contains two sources of error, namely model error and random error. The individual effects of the upper and lower bounds of the extrapolation range under various Lb conditions were studied and the ratio of Lb and the flame radius range is found to be the controlling parameter of the model error. Small value of |Lb/Rf| allows the neglect of the model error by increasing the upper or the lower bound of the flame radius range. A new empirical parameter, Lb/Rf,new, was defined according to the experimental results, while it is recognized that the random error is mainly affected by the number of points for extrapolation and that at least 30 points should be used to remove the random error.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"189","issue":"5","pages":"155–162","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.10.032","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 1609258517","tags":[{"tag":"Extrapolation uncertainty"},{"tag":"Laminar flame speed"},{"tag":"Markstein length"},{"tag":"Spherical flames"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z"}}


key: TWKA74Q9
data:
  {"key":"TWKA74Q9","version":430,"data":{"key":"TWKA74Q9","version":430,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Application of an unsteady flamelet model in a RANS framework for spray A simulation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J. M.","lastName":"Desantes"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J. M.","lastName":"Garcï¿½a-Oliver"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R.","lastName":"Novella"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"E. J.","lastName":"Pï¿½rez-Sï¿½nchez"}],"abstractNote":"In the present investigation the Spray A reference configuration defined in the framework of the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) has been modeled by means of an Unsteady Flamelet Model (USFM) including detailed parametric studies to evaluate the impact of ambient temperature, oxygen concentration and density. The study focuses on the analysis of the spray ignition delay, the flame lift-off length and the internal structure of the spray and flame according to the experimental information nowadays available for validating the results provided by the model. Promising results are obtained for the nominal case and also for the parametric variations (temperature, oxygen\\ldots) in terms of liquid and vapor penetration, ignition delay (ID) and lift-off length (LOL). The model permits to predict the ID and the LOL which constitute two parameters of key importance for describing the characteristics of transient reacting sprays. Valuable insight on the details of the combustion process is obtained from the analysis of formaldehyde (CH2O), acetylene (C2H2) and hydroxide (OH) species in spatial coordinates and also in the so-called ϕ-T maps. Important differences arise in the inner structure of the flame in the quasi-steady regime, which is closely linked to soot formation, when varying the ambient boundary conditions. Additionally, the auto-ignition process is investigated in order to describe in detail the spatial onset and propagation of combustion. Results confirm the impact of the ambient conditions on the regions of the spray where start of combustion takes place, so the relation between the local scalar dissipation rate and mixture fraction variance is also discussed. This investigation provides an insight of the potential of the USFM combustion model to describe the physical and chemical processes involved in transient spray combustion.","publicationTitle":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"117","issue":"","pages":"50–64","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.01.101","ISSN":"13594311","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.01.101","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Auto-ignition"},{"tag":"Combustion modeling"},{"tag":"Engine Combustion Network"},{"tag":"Spray A"},{"tag":"Unsteady flamelet model"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z"}}


key: 3EAZIG7V
data:
  {"key":"3EAZIG7V","version":430,"data":{"key":"3EAZIG7V","version":430,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Identification of governing physical processes of irregular combustion through machine learning","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"K P","lastName":"Grogan"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"· M","lastName":"Ihme"}],"abstractNote":"This study is concerned with the data-driven analysis of predictive parameters associated with regime transition for ignition and detonation. To this end, we introduce machine learning as a technique to analyze the predictive capability of these parameters. Machine learning enables the critical evaluation of combustion regimes from disparate sources and allows for a generalized comparison of the parameters. The parameter set is composed of features that have been found to be effective in classifying ignition regimes and are supposed to have a universality in predicting the regularity of the ignition process. Three different configurations are examined: weak ignition shock tubes, mild ignition in rapid compression machines, and the regularity of cellular detonations. All configurations are demonstrated to show a strong sensitivity to the heat deposition time of the chemical reaction. Additionally, detonations are found to be primarily sensitive to the heat release and show that an increased chemical sensitivity has a regularizing effect when plotted against the heat release rate. The data are found to be well classified with only one or two parameters, indicating that a universal, governing parameter is plausible.","publicationTitle":"Shock Waves","volume":"28","issue":"","pages":"941–954","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1007/s00193-018-0852-y","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z"}}


key: 7H42Q2NW
data:
  {"key":"7H42Q2NW","version":430,"data":{"key":"7H42Q2NW","version":430,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Eccentric needle motion effect on near-nozzle dynamics of diesel spray","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Weidi","lastName":"Huang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Seoksu","lastName":"Moon"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Ya","lastName":"Gao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Zhilong","lastName":"Li"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jin","lastName":"Wang"}],"abstractNote":"The eccentric needle motion has been regarded as an important cause of in-nozzle flow disturbances and hole-to-hole spray variations of modern fuel injectors. However, the experimental investigations on this subject have rarely been reported due to great difficulties in the direct measurements of eccentric needle motion and the flow characteristics of individual holes in an injection nozzle. In this study, the axial and eccentric needle motion and the near-nozzle spray dynamics of 3-hole, 5-hole and 8-hole diesel injection nozzles were investigated in varied injection pressure conditions using an X-ray phase-contrast imaging technique. The eccentric needle motion and near-nozzle spray axial velocity showed temporal oscillations during the injection with different oscillation frequencies. The frequencies of these two oscillations were independent to the nozzle hole number and injection pressure. To discuss the mutual dependency of these two oscillations, the time traces of the spray axial velocity were measured for individual holes. The results showed that the oscillation phase, frequency and amplitude of the spray axial velocity were almost identical for all holes, which indicated that the sac pressure variation rather than hole-to-hole flow variation can be the primary cause of the spray axial velocity oscillation by the eccentric needle motion. The adequacy of this consideration was thoroughly discussed using a mass balance model in the nozzle sac that predicted the sac pressure variation during an injection event.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"206","issue":"","pages":"409–419","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.012","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.012","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0016-2361\nPublisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Diesel injector"},{"tag":"Diesel spray"},{"tag":"Eccentric needle motion"},{"tag":"Spray axial velocity"},{"tag":"X-ray phase-contrast imaging"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z"}}


key: D5WH39WE
data:
  {"key":"D5WH39WE","version":430,"data":{"key":"D5WH39WE","version":430,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Experimental and modeling study of laminar flame speed and non-premixed counterflow ignition of n -heptane","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A J","lastName":"Smallbone"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"W","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"C K","lastName":"Law"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"X Q","lastName":"You"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"H","lastName":"Wang"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"32","issue":"1","pages":"1245–1252","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.213","ISSN":"1540-7489","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.213","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: The Combustion Institute","tags":[{"tag":"elevated pressure and"},{"tag":"kinetic mechanism"},{"tag":"n -heptane"},{"tag":"non-premixed counterflow ignition temperatures"},{"tag":"premixed laminar flame speeds"},{"tag":"temperature"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z"}}


key: 57VPDU55
data:
  {"key":"57VPDU55","version":430,"data":{"key":"57VPDU55","version":430,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Wall shear stress variations and unsteadiness of pulsatile blood-like flows in 90-degree bifurcations","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stevin","lastName":"van Wyk"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Lisa","lastName":"Prahl Wittberg"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Laszlo","lastName":"Fuchs"}],"abstractNote":"Complex and slow interaction of different mechanical and biochemical processes in hemodynamics is believed to govern atherogenesis. Over the last decades studies have shown that fluid mechanical factors such as the Wall Shear Stress (WSS) and WSS gradients can play an important role in the pathological changes of the endothelium. This study provides further indications that the effects of fluid mechanical aspects are correlated with the diseased regions of the larger arteries. Unsteady high temporal WSS gradients (TWSSG), a function of the shear-thinning property of the non-Newtonian viscosity, move with the separation bubble. Red Blood Cell (RBC) dilution due to the secondary flows determines the magnitudes of the WSS and TWSSG. The results indicate that the focal nature of the TWSSG may have implications on the response of the endothelium. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.","publicationTitle":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","volume":"43","issue":"8","pages":"1025–1036","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.05.008","ISSN":"00104825","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.05.008","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier\nPMID: 23816175","tags":[{"tag":"Atherosclerosis"},{"tag":"Blood"},{"tag":"CFD"},{"tag":"Endothelium"},{"tag":"Non-Newtonian"},{"tag":"Wall shear stress"},{"tag":"Wall shear stress gradients"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z"}}


key: 3FHIKQZK
data:
  {"key":"3FHIKQZK","version":429,"data":{"key":"3FHIKQZK","version":429,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Importance of turbulence-chemistry interactions at low temperature engine conditions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Prithwish","lastName":"Kundu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Muhsin M.","lastName":"Ameen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sibendu","lastName":"Som"}],"abstractNote":"The role of turbulence-chemistry interaction in autoignition and flame stabilization is investigated for spray flames at low temperature combustion (LTC) conditions by performing high-fidelity three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A recently developed Tabulated Flamelet Model (TFM) is coupled with a large eddy simulation (LES) framework and validated across a range of Engine Combustion Network (ECN) ambient temperature conditions for n-dodecane fuel. High resolution grids with 0.0625 mm minimum cell size and 25 million total cell count are implemented using adaptive mesh refinement over the spray and combustion regions. Simulations with these grids and multiple LES realizations, with a 103 species n-dodecane mechanism show good agreement with experimental data for all the ambient conditions investigated. This modeling approach with the computational cost advantage of tabulated chemistry is then extended towards understanding the auto-ignition and flame stabilization at an ambient temperature of 750 K. These low temperature conditions lead to substantially higher ignition delays and flame liftoff lengths, and significantly leaner combustion compared to conventional high temperature diesel combustion. These conditions also require the simulations to span significantly larger temporal and spatial dimensions thereby increasing the computational cost. The TFM approach is able to capture autoignition and flame liftoff length at the low temperature conditions. Significant differences with respect to mixing, species formation and flame stabilization are observed under low temperature compared to conventional diesel combustion. At higher ambient temperatures, formation of formaldehyde is observed in the rich region (phi \\textgreater 1) followed by the formation of OH in the stoichiometric regions. Under low temperature conditions, formaldehyde is observed to form at leaner regions followed by the onset of OH formation in significantly lean regions of the flame. Qualitative differences between species formation and transient flame development for the high and low temperature conditions are presented. The two stage ignition process is further investigated by studying the species formation in mixture fraction space by solving 1D flamelet equations for different scalar dissipation rates and homogeneous reactor assumption. Results show that scalar dissipation causes these radicals to diffuse within the mixture fraction space. This significantly enhances ignition and plays a dominant role at such low temperature conditions which cannot be captured by the homogeneous reaction assumption based model.","publicationTitle":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"183","issue":"","pages":"283–298","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.05.025","ISSN":"15562921","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"ECN spray A"},{"tag":"Flamelets"},{"tag":"LES"},{"tag":"Low temperature combustion"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z"}}


key: ECH5QMAM
data:
  {"key":"ECH5QMAM","version":429,"data":{"key":"ECH5QMAM","version":429,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical simulation of primary atomization in diesel spray at low injection pressure","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"F. J.","lastName":"Salvador"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"J. V.","lastName":"Romero"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M. D.","lastName":"Roselló"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D.","lastName":"Jaramillo"}],"abstractNote":"Abstract Atomization involves complex physical processes and gas-liquid interaction. Primary atomization on diesel spray is not well understood due to the difficulties to perform experimental measurements in the near nozzle field. Hence computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used as a key element to understand and improve diesel spray. A recent new code for incompressible multiphase flow with adaptive octree mesh refinement has been used to perform simulations of atomization at low injection pressure conditions. The multiphase flow strategy to manage different flows is the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The adaptive mesh allows to locally refine the mesh at each time step where a better resolution is needed to capture important gradients instead of using a static mesh with a fixed and high number of cells which, in turn, would lead to an unaffordable computational cost. Even with this approach, the cell number is very high to achieve a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) at reasonable computational cost. To reduce the computational cost, an idea has been explored, the possibility of setting a maximum number of cells of the domain. Following this idea, the code has been tested with different configurations to understand their effects on numerical stability, the change in different spray parameters and the benefits achieved in terms of execution time. The outcomes have been validated against a theoretical model.","publicationTitle":"Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics","volume":"291","issue":"","pages":"94–102","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.cam.2015.03.044","ISSN":"03770427","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2015.03.044","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: 0377-0427\nPublisher: Elsevier B.V.","tags":[{"tag":"Atomization"},{"tag":"DNS"},{"tag":"Diesel spray"},{"tag":"Gerris"},{"tag":"VOF"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z"}}


key: AYYCR88F
data:
  {"key":"AYYCR88F","version":429,"data":{"key":"AYYCR88F","version":429,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"ISAT-CK (Version 3.0)","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stephen B.","lastName":"Pope"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2000","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z"}}


key: M9H5UU2W
data:
  {"key":"M9H5UU2W","version":429,"data":{"key":"M9H5UU2W","version":429,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"The Computation of Constrained and Unconstrained Equilibrium Compositions of Ideal Gas Mixtures using Gibbs Function Continuation","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stephen B.","lastName":"Pope"}],"abstractNote":"We consider the computation of the chemical-equilibrium state of an ideal gas mixture of given elemental composition, with and without linear constraints on the species present. While computer programs to solve these problems have been available for over thirty years, it has been found that they are not always successful in determining the chemical equilibrium state when constraints are present. In this paper the constrained equilibrium problem is examined in detail. It is shown that the specified constraints can be replaced by a (generally simpler) set of reduced constraints. For fixed temperature and pressure, the equilibrium composition is that which minimizes the Gibbs function subject to these constraints. The solution to this minimization problem is known in terms of Lagrange multipliers (or constraint potentials), which are determined as the solution to a set of non-linear equations. It is shown that Newton's method can fail to obtain the solution because the iteration matrix can be singular. The new method of Gibbs function continu- ation is introduced which is guaranteed to obtain the solution. Based on this, a practical algorithm is presented which has been implemented and tested in a Fortran code. It is claimed that this algorithm is assured to determine the (constrained or unconstrained) equilibrium state for all well-posed problems.","publicationTitle":"Cornell University Report FDA","volume":"03","issue":"","pages":"–02","date":"2003","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"ISBN: FDA 03-02","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z"}}


key: Y9WYHH3Y
data:
  {"key":"Y9WYHH3Y","version":429,"data":{"key":"Y9WYHH3Y","version":429,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Development of a Simulation Model for Direct Injection Dual Fuel Diesel-Natural Gas Engines","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"D T","lastName":"Hountalas"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"R G","lastName":"Papagiannakis"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"724","pages":"","date":"2000","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:45Z"}}


key: 3LB2A9YB
data:
  {"key":"3LB2A9YB","version":429,"data":{"key":"3LB2A9YB","version":429,"itemType":"conferencePaper","title":"Numerical Study on Evaporation of Spherical Droplets Impinging on the Wall Using Volume of Fluid ( VOF ) Model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Sathya Prasad","lastName":"Potham"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Le","lastName":"Zhao"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Seong-young","lastName":"Lee"}],"abstractNote":"","date":"2017","proceedingsTitle":"SAE 2017 World Congress & Exhibition","conferenceName":"","place":"","publisher":"SAE International","volume":"","pages":"","series":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2017-01-0852.Copyright","ISBN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z"}}


key: WT4FZ7N6
data:
  {"key":"WT4FZ7N6","version":429,"data":{"key":"WT4FZ7N6","version":429,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Split injection in a homogeneous stratified gasoline direct injection engine for high combustion efficiency and low pollutants emission","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M.","lastName":"Costa"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"U.","lastName":"Sorge"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"S.","lastName":"Merola"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"A.","lastName":"Irimescu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"M.","lastName":"La Villetta"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"V.","lastName":"Rocco"}],"abstractNote":"The effects of splitting the injection event in a GDI (gasoline direct injection) engine operating with a HOS (homogeneous stratified) lean charge are analysed through experimental and numerical techniques. Injection is assumed as divided in two parts, each delivering the same gasoline amount, the first occurring during intake, the second during compression. The work is initially focused on the experimental characterization of the engine under study for the collection of data concerning the in-chamber combustion development. Beside measurements of in–cylinder pressure, UV chemiluminescence is applied to follow the OH radicals formation from spark ignition up to the late combustion phase, thanks to the optical accessibility to the combustion chamber. The collected data serve to the validation of a properly formulated three-dimensional (3D) CFDs model for the simulation of the whole engine working cycle. The definition of the control strategy leading to the greatest combustion efficiency and lowest pollutants emission is made in two steps through numerical optimization: the 3D CFD model is first run to build a low number of samples to be used within a Gaussian RSM (response surface method) to reconstruct, in the DOE (design of experiments) space, the integral of the in–cylinder pressure over volume in the closed valve period; in the second step, the coupling between the 3D engine model and the Simplex algorithm is performed in a restricted DOE subdomain defined according to the first step analysis. The assessed methodology highlights the synchronization of both spark ignition and split injection leading to the highest power output and the lowest pollutants release. The experimental verification of the numerical findings is finally carried out.","publicationTitle":"Energy","volume":"117","issue":"","pages":"405–415","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.065","ISSN":"03605442","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.065","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[{"tag":"Gasoline direct injection"},{"tag":"Homogeneous stratified combustion"},{"tag":"Optical diagnostics"},{"tag":"Optimization"},{"tag":"Split injection"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z"}}


key: 9MLY3KVY
data:
  {"key":"9MLY3KVY","version":429,"data":{"key":"9MLY3KVY","version":429,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Microscopic behavior of spray droplets under flat-wall impinging condition","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hongliang","lastName":"Luo"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Keiya","lastName":"Nishida"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shintaro","lastName":"Uchitomi"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Youichi","lastName":"Ogata"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Wu","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Tatsuya","lastName":"Fujikawa"}],"abstractNote":"The impingement of fuel spray on the wall in direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engines affects the fuel-air mixture formation, combustion and exhaust emissions. A detailed understanding of the fuel spray and impingement is required to reduce the undesirable products of combustion whilst maintaining good fuel economy. In this study, the droplet size was measured by particle image analysis (PIA). The microscopic characteristics of impinging spray were obtained using ultra-high-speed imaging. By changing the injection and ambient pressures, the influences of breakup and coalescence on the droplet behavior were investigated. Before impingement, the region near the center of the spray has larger droplets size and lower droplet number density than the edge, which suggests that spray breakup and atomization is poor in the center region. After impingement, the droplet size decreases along the distance from the wall under low ambient pressure. However, large droplets appear in the region far from the wall under high ambient pressure, indicating the existence of a coalescence effect on the droplets.","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"219","issue":"November 2017","pages":"467–476","date":"2018","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2018.01.059","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.01.059","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier","tags":[{"tag":"Droplet size distribution"},{"tag":"Fuel spray"},{"tag":"Gasoline engine"},{"tag":"Microscopic characteristics"},{"tag":"Wall impingement"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z"}}


key: 4DQ8VK7T
data:
  {"key":"4DQ8VK7T","version":429,"data":{"key":"4DQ8VK7T","version":429,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Effects of pilot fuel quantity on the emissions characteristics of a CNG / diesel dual fuel engine with optimized pilot injection timing","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jie","lastName":"Liu"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Fuyuan","lastName":"Yang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Hewu","lastName":"Wang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Minggao","lastName":"Ouyang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Shougang","lastName":"Hao"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Applied Energy","volume":"110","issue":"x","pages":"201–206","date":"2013","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.024","ISSN":"0306-2619","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.024","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z"}}


key: RJSBQ6EQ
data:
  {"key":"RJSBQ6EQ","version":429,"data":{"key":"RJSBQ6EQ","version":429,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Numerical Investigation of Spark Ignition Events in Lean and Dilute Methane / Air Mixtures Using a Detailed Energy Deposition Model","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Anqi","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Riccardo","lastName":"Scarcelli"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Seong-young","lastName":"Lee"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Jeffrey","lastName":"Naber"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.4271/2016-01-0609.Abstract","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z"}}


key: HBK9LHMR
data:
  {"key":"HBK9LHMR","version":428,"data":{"key":"HBK9LHMR","version":428,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Pressure – time characteristics in diesel engine fueled with natural gas","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Mohamed Y E","lastName":"Selim"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"22","issue":"","pages":"473–489","date":"2001","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"diesel engine"},{"tag":"dual fuel"},{"tag":"experiment"},{"tag":"natual gas"},{"tag":"natural gas fuel"},{"tag":"noise"},{"tag":"pressure"},{"tag":"rise rate"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z"}}


key: IHNMQPJ7
data:
  {"key":"IHNMQPJ7","version":428,"data":{"key":"IHNMQPJ7","version":428,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Ab Initio Investigation of the Nitrosation Reactions of Hydroxylamine in Aqueous Solutions","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Kaiqiang","lastName":"Zhang"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Stefan T","lastName":"Thynell"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"1–6","date":"2017","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"","ISSN":"","shortTitle":"","url":"","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"","tags":[{"tag":"ab initio calculations"},{"tag":"energetic material"},{"tag":"hydroxylammonium nitrate"},{"tag":"nitrosation"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z"}}


key: T6XDQEJN
data:
  {"key":"T6XDQEJN","version":428,"data":{"key":"T6XDQEJN","version":428,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Coupled DEM–CFD simulation of drying wood chips in a rotary drum – Baffle design and model reduction","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Viktor","lastName":"Scherer"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Martin","lastName":"Mönnigmann"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Marc Oliver","lastName":"Berner"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Florian","lastName":"Sudbrock"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Fuel","volume":"","issue":"","pages":"","date":"2016","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.05.054","ISSN":"00162361","shortTitle":"","url":"http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016236116303696","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Ltd","tags":[],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z"}}


key: 9I2YAJ9G
data:
  {"key":"9I2YAJ9G","version":428,"data":{"key":"9I2YAJ9G","version":428,"itemType":"journalArticle","title":"Laminar film condensation from a downward-flowing steam-air mixture onto a horizontal circular tube","creators":[{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Cha","lastName":"Chen"},{"creatorType":"author","firstName":"Yan-ting","lastName":"Lin"}],"abstractNote":"","publicationTitle":"Applied Mathematical Modelling","volume":"33","issue":"4","pages":"1944–1956","date":"2009","series":"","seriesTitle":"","seriesText":"","journalAbbreviation":"","language":"","DOI":"10.1016/j.apm.2008.05.003","ISSN":"0307-904X","shortTitle":"","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2008.05.003","accessDate":"","archive":"","archiveLocation":"","libraryCatalog":"","callNumber":"","rights":"","extra":"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.","tags":[{"tag":"laminar film condensation"}],"collections":["KPPT2T45"],"relations":{},"dateAdded":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z","dateModified":"2021-09-21T03:40:44Z"}}


